A controlled study for the characterization of PM2.5 emitted during grilling ground beef meat

Abstract Experiments were conducted in an on-campus house at Middle East Technical University Northern Cyprus Campus during January 2015. Low fat ground beef meat was grilled using an electric stove with no mechanical or natural ventilation. Five PM size fractions ranging from 3.3µm to less than 0.43µm were investigated in this study. The total particle emission rate and flux values were found to be 4.49×101mgmin-1 and 1.45×103mgmin-1m-2, respectively. Total OC emission rate and flux values were 2.3×101mgmin-1 and 7.33×102mgmin-1m-2, respectively, and total EC emission rate and flux values were determined to be 1.19mgmin-1 and 3.85×101mgmin-1m-2, respectively. Analyses of trace metal concentrations showed that Fe (0.429mgm-3), Ti (0.270mg.m-3), Sr (0.27mgm-3), Ba (0.24mgm-3) and Li (0.23mgm-3) were the five most abundant trace elements in the PM produced during grilling ground beef. Pb, Mn, and V concentrations were found to be greater than the World Health Organization (WHO) exposure limit

Review of factors impacting emission/concentration of cooking generated particulate matter

Abstract Studies have shown that exposure to particulate matter (PM) emitted while cooking is related to adverse human health effects. The level of PM emissions during cooking varies with several factors. This study reviewed controlled studies available in the cooking PM emissions literature, and found that cooking method, type and quality of the energy (heating) source, burner size, cooking pan, cooking oil, food, additives, source surface area, cooking temperature, ventilation and position of the cooking pan on the stove are influential factors affecting cooking PM emission rates and resulting concentrations. Opportunities to reduce indoor PM concentrations during cooking are proposed. Minor changes in cooking habits and manner might result in a substantial reduction in the cook's exposure to the cooking PM. Finally, the need for additional studies is discussed