Evaluation of cleaning and disinfection procedures against Samonella enterica at swine farms, transport and lairage facilities

Evaluation of the cleaning and disinfection protocols effectiveness against Salmonella in three points of the pork production chain: finishing farm, transport and lairage. A 22.2% of the farms, 62.5% of the slaughter trucks and 63.6% of the holding pens tested were positive to Salmonella after cleaning and disinfection procedures

Hallazgos histopatológicos en corazón, pulmones y cerebro de ratones expuestos a óxidos de plomo (greta) por vía cutánea.

Introducción: México es un país con grandes depósitos naturales de plomo y se estima que el mundo genera alrededor de 12 a 130,000 toneladas/año y su principal vía de introducción al ambiente es por la atmósfera. El propósito del presente trabajo es identificar si existen lesiones en corazón, pulmones y cerebro después de una exposición cutánea al plomo en ratones.   Material y Métodos: Se seleccionaron 40 ratones sanos: 24 machos y 16 hembras; se les aplicó óxido de plomo (GRETA) por vía cutánea y las dosis fueron de 2,4, 6,8 y 10 mg de óxido de plomo. Se aplicó diario de lunes a sábado, estableciendo 5 lotes de 8 ratones en cada grupo; más un grupo control también de 8 ratones. Cada semana se sacrificó un ratón al azar de cada grupo y 5 ratones fallecieron antes de concluir el experimento. De cada órgano se consignó su coloración, tamaño, aspecto externo, fragilidad del tejido en general, tiempo de exposición al plomo y cambios histopatológicos en los tejidos.   Resultados: En los 40 ratones expuestos se presentó congestión pulmonar en grado moderado, en 33 de ellos (82%) se encontró edema pulmonar de tipo no cardiogénico y en 1 existió coágulo de fibrina. En corazón se presentó congestión vascular moderada en el 97% de los ratones (39 de ellos) y en el 5% (2 ratones) se encontró necrosis leve. En el cerebro las alteraciones fueron edema en todos los ratones expuestos, con necrosis neuronal  en el 88% (35 ratones) y gliosis neuronal reactiva en el 10% (4 ratones), con estas alteraciones los ratones perdieron coordinación en sus movimientos.   Discusión: El presente trabajo mostró que el plomo aplicado por vía cutánea es capaz de absorberse. La mayoría de los mecanismos de toxicidad del plomo han sido estudiados en procesos bioquímicos y afectan sobre todo enzimas en procesos celulares. La frecuencia y la severidad de los síntomas médicos se relaciona con la concentración de plomo en la sangre.   Conclusiones: Por la piel la entrada del plomo inorgánico es mínima, pero el plomo orgánico pasa a través de los folículos pilosos, glándulas sebáceas y sudoríparas directo al torrente sanguíneo. El plomo constituye una parte importante de la contaminación ambiental, el empleo de este metal en la industria, hacen necesario que se controle el impacto negativo de sus acciones tanto en la salud de los seres humanos como en el ambiente.Introducción: México es un país con grandes depósitos naturales de plomo y se estima que el mundo genera alrededor de 12 a 130,000 toneladas/año y su principal vía de introducción al ambiente es por la atmósfera. El propósito del presente trabajo es identificar si existen lesiones en corazón, pulmones y cerebro después de una exposición cutánea al plomo en ratones.   Material y Métodos: Se seleccionaron 40 ratones sanos: 24 machos y 16 hembras; se les aplicó óxido de plomo (GRETA) por vía cutánea y las dosis fueron de 2,4, 6,8 y 10 mg de óxido de plomo. Se aplicó diario de lunes a sábado, estableciendo 5 lotes de 8 ratones en cada grupo; más un grupo control también de 8 ratones. Cada semana se sacrificó un ratón al azar de cada grupo y 5 ratones fallecieron antes de concluir el experimento. De cada órgano se consignó su coloración, tamaño, aspecto externo, fragilidad del tejido en general, tiempo de exposición al plomo y cambios histopatológicos en los tejidos.   Resultados: En los 40 ratones expuestos se presentó congestión pulmonar en grado moderado, en 33 de ellos (82%) se encontró edema pulmonar de tipo no cardiogénico y en 1 existió coágulo de fibrina. En corazón se presentó congestión vascular moderada en el 97% de los ratones (39 de ellos) y en el 5% (2 ratones) se encontró necrosis leve. En el cerebro las alteraciones fueron edema en todos los ratones expuestos, con necrosis neuronal  en el 88% (35 ratones) y gliosis neuronal reactiva en el 10% (4 ratones), con estas alteraciones los ratones perdieron coordinación en sus movimientos.   Discusión: El presente trabajo mostró que el plomo aplicado por vía cutánea es capaz de absorberse. La mayoría de los mecanismos de toxicidad del plomo han sido estudiados en procesos bioquímicos y afectan sobre todo enzimas en procesos celulares. La frecuencia y la severidad de los síntomas médicos se relaciona con la concentración de plomo en la sangre.   Conclusiones: Por la piel la entrada del plomo inorgánico es mínima, pero el plomo orgánico pasa a través de los folículos pilosos, glándulas sebáceas y sudoríparas directo al torrente sanguíneo. El plomo constituye una parte importante de la contaminación ambiental, el empleo de este metal en la industria, hacen necesario que se controle el impacto negativo de sus acciones tanto en la salud de los seres humanos como en el ambiente

Impact of statin therapy on coronary plaque composition: A systematic review and meta-analysis of virtual histology intravascular ultrasound studies

Background: Virtual histology intravascular ultrasound (VH-IVUS) imaging is an innovative tool for the morphological evaluation of coronary atherosclerosis. Evidence for the effects of statin therapy on VH-IVUS parameters have been inconclusive. Consequently, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the impact of statin therapy on plaque volume and its composition using VH-IVUS. Methods: The search included PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Embase (through 30 November 2014) to identify prospective studies investigating the effects of statin therapy on plaque volume and its composition using VH-IVUS. Results: We identified nine studies with 16 statin treatment arms and 830 participants. There was a significant effect of statin therapy in reducing plaque volume (standardized mean difference (SMD): -0.137, 95 % confidence interval (CI): -0.255, -0.019; P = 0.023), external elastic membrane volume (SMD: -0.097, 95 % CI: -0.183, -0.011; P = 0.027) but not lumen volume (SMD: -0.025, 95 % CI: -0.110, +0.061; P = 0.574). There was a significant reduction in fibrous plaque volume (SMD: -0.129, 95 % CI: -0.255, -0.003; P = 0.045) and an increase of dense calcium volume (SMD: +0.229, 95 % CI: +0.008, +0.450

Patient-specific forecasting of postradiotherapy prostate-specific antigen kinetics enables early prediction of biochemical relapse

[Abstract:] The detection of prostate cancer recurrence after external beam radiotherapy relies on the measurement of a sustained rise of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). However, this biochemical relapse may take years to occur, thereby delaying the delivery of a secondary treatment to patients with recurring tumors. To address this issue, we propose to use patient-specific forecasts of PSA dynamics to predict biochemical relapse earlier. Our forecasts are based on a mechanistic model of prostate cancer response to external beam radiotherapy, which is fit to patient-specific PSA data collected during standard posttreatment monitoring. Our results show a remarkable performance of our model in recapitulating the observed changes in PSA and yielding short-term predictions over approximately 1 year (cohort median root mean squared error of 0.10–0.47 ng/mL and 0.13 to 1.39 ng/mL, respectively). Additionally, we identify 3 model-based biomarkers that enable accurate identification of biochemical relapse (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve > 0.80) significantly earlier than standard practice (p < 0.01).This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 838786. A.R. was partially supported by the MIUR-PRIN project XFAST-SIMS (no. 20173C478N). H.G. was partially funded by the Purdue Center for Cancer Research through a Concept Grant. V.M.P.-G. is partially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (grant PID2019-110895RB-100, https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033).Italia. Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca; 20173C478

Predictors of Global Non-Motor Symptoms Burden Progression in Parkinson's Disease. Results from the COPPADIS Cohort at 2-Year Follow-Up

Malaltia de Parkinson; Símptomes no motors; ProgressióEnfermedad de Parkinson; Sintomas no motores; ProgresiónParkinson’s disease; Non-motor symptoms; ProgressionBackground and Objective: Non-motor symptoms (NMS) progress in different ways between Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. The aim of the present study was to (1) analyze the change in global NMS burden in a PD cohort after a 2-year follow-up, (2) to compare the changes with a control group, and (3) to identify predictors of global NMS burden progression in the PD group. Material and Methods: PD patients and controls, recruited from 35 centers of Spain from the COPPADIS cohort from January 2016 to November 2017, were followed-up with after 2 years. The Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS) was administered at baseline (V0) and at 24 months ± 1 month (V2). Linear regression models were used for determining predictive factors of global NMS burden progression (NMSS total score change from V0 to V2 as dependent variable). Results: After the 2-year follow-up, the mean NMS burden (NMSS total score) significantly increased in PD patients by 18.8% (from 45.08 ± 37.62 to 53.55 ± 42.28; p < 0.0001; N = 501; 60.2% males, mean age 62.59 ± 8.91) compared to no change observed in controls (from 14.74 ± 18.72 to 14.65 ± 21.82; p = 0.428; N = 122; 49.5% males, mean age 60.99 ± 8.32) (p < 0.0001). NMSS total score at baseline (β = −0.52), change from V0 to V2 in PDSS (Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale) (β = −0.34), and change from V0 to V2 in NPI (Neuropsychiatric Inventory) (β = 0.25) provided the highest contributions to the model (adjusted R-squared 0.41; Durbin-Watson test = 1.865). Conclusions: Global NMS burden demonstrates short-term progression in PD patients but not in controls and identifies worsening sleep problems and neuropsychiatric symptoms as significant independent predictors of this NMS progression.This research was funded by Fundación Española de Ayuda a la Investigación en Parkinson y otras Enfermedades Neuro-degenerativa

Standards for quantitative assessments by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA)

In current clinical practice, qualitative or semi-quantitative measures are primarily used to report coronary artery disease on cardiac CT. With advancements in cardiac CT technology and automated post-processing tools, quantitative measures of coronary disease severity have become more broadly available. Quantitative coronary CT angiography has great potential value for clinical management of patients, but also for research. This document aims to provide definitions and standards for the performance and reporting of quantitative measures of coronary artery disease by cardiac CT.</p

Microvascular cutaneous coverage in wounds that expose the Achilles tendon: case report

Achilles tendon rupture, being one of the main tendon ruptures present, surgery being the most favourable option even taking into account complications such as infections and skin necrosis, it is necessary to develop techniques which help to reduce complications and increase benefits. The methods follow-up of 2 cases of patients with skin defects in the region of the Achilles tendon in patients who were treated at the "Luis Guillermo lbarra lbarra" national rehabilitation institute during the period 2020-2021 in the Traumatology service, treated with radial free flap forearm, using the description of the most used flaps in the literature. Results in both cases integrity of the free radial forearm flap in its entirety, functional recovery for walking, ability to put shoes back on, and without the need for reoperation, as well as a high level of satisfaction by patients. Conclusions if we are talking about an Achilles tendon rupture with a significant skin defect, the free radial forearm flap is an adequate option, if we are talking about a complete defect, the composite flap is the best option, remember that the decision on what type of flap will be used will depend on of the size of the lesion

Metabolomic profile of cancer stem cell-derived exosomes from patients with malignant melanoma

Malignant melanoma (MM) is the most aggressive and life-threatening form of skin cancer. It is characterized by an extraordinary metastasis capacity and chemotherapy resistance, mainly due to melanoma cancer stem cells (CSCs). To date, there are no suitable clinical diagnostic, prognostic or predictive biomarkers for this neoplasia. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new MM biomarkers that enable early diagnosis and effective disease monitoring. Exosomes represent a novel source of biomarkers since they can be easily isolated from different body fluids. In this work, a primary patient-derived MM cell line enriched in CSCs was characterized by assessing the expression of specific markers and their stem-like properties. Exosomes derived from CSCs and serums from patients with MM were characterized, and their metabolomic profile was analysed by highresolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) following an untargeted approach and applying univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. The aim of this study was to search potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of this disease. Our results showed significant metabolomic differences in exosomes derived from MM CSCs compared with those from differentiated tumour cells and also in serum-derived exosomes from patients with MM compared to those from healthy controls. Interestingly, we identified similarities between structural lipids differentially expressed in CSC-derived exosomes and those derived from patients with MM such as the glycerophosphocholine PC 16:0/0:0. To our knowledge, this is the first metabolomic-based study aimed at characterizing exosomes derived from melanoma CSCs and patients’ serum in order to identify potential biomarkers for MM diagnosis. We conclude that metabolomic characterization of CSC-derived exosomes sets an open door to the discovery of clinically useful biomarkers in this neoplasia.MICIU FPU15/03682 FPU15/02350Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU) MAT2015-62644.C2.2.R RTI2018-101309-BC2Instituto de Salud Carlos III PIE16-00045Junta de Andalucía SOMM17/6109/UGR (UCE-PP2017-3)European Union (EU) SOMM17/6109/UGR (UCE-PP2017-3)Chair 'Doctors Galera-Requena in cancer stem cell research' CMC-CTS963Fundación MEDIN

Neuropathological findings in fatal COVID-19 and their associated neurological clinical manifestations

9 p.Severe cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) can present with multiple neurological symptoms. The available neuropathological studies have described different lesions; the most frequent was the presence of neuroinflammation and vascular-related lesions. The objective of this study was to report the neuropathological studies performed in a medical institution, with abundant long intensive care unit stays, and their associated clinical manifestations. This is a retrospective monocentric case series study based on the neuropathological reports of 13 autopsies with a wide range of illness duration (13-108 days). A neuroinflammatory score was calculated based on the quantification of CD8- and CD68-positive cells in representative areas of the central nervous system. This score was correlated afterwards with illness duration and parameters related to systemic inflammation. Widespread microglial and cytotoxic T-cell activation was found in all patients. There was no correlation between the neuroinflammatory score and the duration of the illness; nor with parameters of systemic inflammation such as the peak of IL-6 or the HScore (a parameter of systemic macrophage activation syndrome). Two patients had global hypoxic ischaemic damage and five patients had subacute infarcts. One patient had many more brain vascular microthrombi compared to the others and multiple subacute pituitary infarcts. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was not detected with qRT-PCR. The proportion of brain lesions in severe COVID-19 patients could be related to illness duration. In our series, with abundant long hospitalisation stays, neuroinflammation was present in all patients and was more prominent between day 34 and day 45 after onset of symptoms. Clinical correlation showed that two patients with the highest neuroinflammatory scores had severe encephalopathies that were not attributable to any other cause. The second most frequent lesions were related to vascular pathology.Instituto de Salud Carlos IIICIBERONCInstituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación SanitariaMerck, Sharp & Dohme (MSD