Determinants of traumatic dental injuries in different genders

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the role of aetiological factors of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in different genders. Material and Methods: A random sample of 3,180 female and 3,324 male fifteen-to-eighteen-year-olds from all senior high schools in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, was selected. Each completed a supervised questionnaire and was examined using standard clinical procedures. Results: The participation rate was 90.4%. Those female adolescents that lived with at least a non-birth parent (p=0.026, OR=1.468, 95% CI=1.047, 2.058), that had a higher Adolescent Risk Taking Scale score (p=0.001, OR=1.072, 95% CI=1.030, 1.116), that had an overjet larger than five millimetres (p<0.001, OR=1.625, 95% CI=1.273, 2.074), or that showed inadequate lip coverage (p<0.001, OR=1.462, 95% CI=1.199, 1.784), were at greater risk of TDI. Contrarily, those male participants that had a family head with a secondary level of education (p=0.001, OR=1.372, 95% CI=1.130, 1.666), that had a higher Adolescent Risk Taking Scale score (p<0.001, OR=1.063, 95% CI=1.031, 1.097), that took more weekly hours of physical exercise (p=0.004, OR=1.020, 95% CI=1.006, 1.034), that had an overjet larger than five millimetres (p<0.001, OR=1.783, 95% CI=1.449, 2.194), or that showed inadequate lip coverage (p=0.016, OR=1.231, 95% CI=1.039, 1.457) had a higher risk of TDI. Conclusions: Males and females had different determinants of TDI. Family structure played a more relevant role in the occurrence of female adolescents' TDI, while family head's level of education and weekly hours of physical exercise were more important for the counterpart. In both genders, risk taking behaviour, overjet and lip coverage were associated with the occurrence of TDI

Phase-change memory properties of electrodeposited Ge-Sb-Te thin film

We report the properties of a series of electrodeposited Ge-Sb-Te alloys with various compositions. It is shown that the Sb/Ge ratio can be varied in a controlled way by changing the electrodeposition potential. This method opens up the prospect of depositing Ge-Sb-Te super-lattice structures by electrodeposition. Material and electrical characteristics of various compositions have been investigated in detail, showing up to three orders of magnitude resistance ratio between the amorphous and crystalline states and endurance up to 1000 cycle

Nanoscale arrays of antimony telluride single crystals by selective chemical vapor deposition

Arrays of individual single nanocrystals of Sb2Te3 have been formed using selective chemical vapor deposition (CVD) from a single source precursor. Crystals are self-assembled reproducibly in confined spaces of 100 nm diameter with pitch down to 500 nm. The distribution of crystallite sizes across the arrays is very narrow (standard deviation of 15%) and is affected by both the hole diameter and the array pitch. The preferred growth of the crystals in the orientation along the diagonal of the square holes strongly indicates that the diffusion of adatoms results in a near thermodynamic equilibrium growth mechanism of the nuclei. A clear relationship between electrical resistivity and selectivity is established across a range of metal selenides and tellurides, showing that conductive materials result in more selective growth and suggesting that electron donation is of critical importance for selective deposition

Evaluating Soil Resistance Formulations in Thermal‐Based Two‐Source Energy Balance (TSEB) Model: Implications for Heterogeneous Semiarid and Arid Regions

Relatively small fluctuations in the surface energy balance and evapotranspiration in semiarid and arid regions can be indicative of significant changes to ecosystem health. Therefore, it is imperative to have approaches for monitoring surface fluxes in these regions. The remote sensing‐based two‐source energy balance (TSEB) model is a suitable method for flux estimation over sparsely vegetated semiarid and arid landscapes since it explicitly considers surface energy flux contributions from soil and vegetation. However, previous studies indicate that TSEB generally underestimates sensible heat flux (H) and hence overestimates latent heat flux (LE) or evapotranspiration for these regions unless soil resistance coefficients are modified based on additional ground information. In this study, TSEB is applied over semiarid and arid regions on three continents using the original soil resistance formulation with modified coefficients and a recently developed physically based soil resistance formulation. Model sensitivity analysis demonstrates the high sensitivity of TSEB with original soil resistance formulation to soil resistance coefficients, while TSEB with the new soil resistance formulation has relatively low sensitivity to uncertainties in all coefficients. The performance of TSEB using different soil resistance formulations is evaluated by comparing modeled H against eddy covariance measurements in six semiarid and arid study sites and ranking the error statistics. Our results indicate that incorporating the new soil resistance formulation into TSEB would enhance its utility in flux estimation over heterogeneous landscapes by obviating its reliance on semiempirical coefficients and thus provide more robust fluxes over sparsely vegetated regions without model calibration and/or parameter tuning.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

On the number of limit cycles of the Lienard equation

In this paper, we study a Lienard system of the form dot{x}=y-F(x), dot{y}=-x, where F(x) is an odd polynomial. We introduce a method that gives a sequence of algebraic approximations to the equation of each limit cycle of the system. This sequence seems to converge to the exact equation of each limit cycle. We obtain also a sequence of polynomials R_n(x) whose roots of odd multiplicity are related to the number and location of the limit cycles of the system.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures. Submitted to Physical Review

Involvement of Fenton chemistry in rice straw degradation by the lignocellulolytic bacterium Pantoea ananatis Sd-1

Additional file 7: Table S2. Primers used for quantitative real time-PCR