The Stability of RMB Exchange Rate and Its Perfection of Present Exchange Rate Mechanism

In the implement of Basel Accord, problems like regulatory capital arbitrage came up for the shortcomings of the accord. Securitization and other financial innovations have provided opportunities to reduce the regulatory capital requirements with little or no reduction in the overall economic risks. The possibility of regulatory capital arbitrage was caused by the inaccurate classification of the risks of different assets under Basel Accord. One of the routine methods is asset securitization, which will create value for banks while damaging the effect of the capital adequacy ratio as a prudential policy instrument. To deal with RCA (regulatory capital arbitrage), the most important is to match the regulatory capital to different assets and cut the motivation from the source so as to unify regulatory capital and economic capital. Key words: Capital Adequacy Ratio, Asset Securitization, Arbitrage Regulatio

Global Transcriptome Profiling of Multiple Porcine Organs Reveals Toxoplasma gondii-Induced Transcriptional Landscapes

© 2019 He, Ma, Wang, Zhang, Li, Zhai, Wang, Elsheikha and Zhu. We characterized the porcine tissue transcriptional landscapes that follow Toxoplasma gondii infection. RNAs were isolated from liver, spleen, cerebral cortex, lung, and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) of T. gondii-infected and uninfected (control) pigs at days 6 and 18 postinfection, and were analyzed using next-generation sequencing (RNA-seq). T. gondii altered the expression of 178, 476, 199, 201, and 362 transcripts at 6 dpi and 217, 223, 347, 119, and 161 at 18 dpi in the infected brain, liver, lung, MLNs and spleen, respectively. The differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) were grouped into five expression patterns and 10 sub-clusters. Gene Ontology enrichment and pathway analysis revealed that immune-related genes dominated the overall transcriptomic signature and that metabolic processes, such as steroid biosynthesis, and metabolism of lipid and carboxylic acid, were downregulated in infected tissues. Co-expression network analysis identified transcriptional modules associated with host immune response to infection. These findings not only show how T. gondii infection alters porcine transcriptome in a tissue-specific manner, but also offer a gateway for testing new hypotheses regarding human response to T. gondii infection

Filtering one-way Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering, a fundamental concept of quantum nonlocality, describes one observer's capability to remotely affect another distant observer's state by local measurements. Unlike quantum entanglement and Bell nonlocality, both associated with the symmetric quantum correlation, EPR steering depicts the unique asymmetric property of quantum nonlocality. With the local filter operation in which some system components are discarded, quantum nonlocality can be distilled to enhance the nonlocal correlation, and even the hidden nonlocality can be activated. However, asymmetric quantum nonlocality in the filter operation still lacks a well-rounded investigation, especially considering the discarded parts where quantum nonlocal correlations may still exist with probabilities. Here, in both theory and experiment, we investigate the effect of the local filter on EPR steering. We observe all configurations of EPR steering simultaneously and other intriguing evolution of asymmetric quantum nonlocality, such as reversing the direction of one-way EPR steering. This work provides a complementary perspective to understand the asymmetric quantum nonlocality and demonstrates a practical toolbox for manipulating asymmetric quantum systems with significant potential applications in quantum information tasks.Comment: 11pages, 7figure

Direct Visualization of Irreducible Ferrielectricity in Crystals

In solids, charge polarity can one-to-one correspond to spin polarity phenomenologically, e.g. ferroelectricity/ferromagnetism, antiferroelectricity/antiferromagnetism, and even dipole-vortex/magnetic-vortex, but ferrielectricity/ferrimagnetism kept telling a disparate story in microscopic level. Since the definition of a charge dipole involves more than one ion, there may be multiple choices for a dipole unit, which makes most ferrielectric orders equivalent to ferroelectric ones, i.e. this ferrielectricity is not necessary to be a real independent branch of polarity. In this work, by using the spherical aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope, we visualize a nontrivial ferrielectric structural evolution in BaFe2Se3, in which the development of two polar sub-lattices is out-of-sync, for which we term it as irreducible ferrielectricity. Such irreducible ferrielectricity leads to a non-monotonic behavior for the temperature-dependent polarization, and even a compensation point in the ordered state. Our finding unambiguously distinguishes ferrielectrics from ferroelectrics in solids.Comment: 15 figure

(Z)3,4,5,4'-trans-tetramethoxystilbene, a new analogue of resveratrol, inhibits gefitinb-resistant non-small cell lung cancer via selectively elevating intracellular calcium level.

Calcium is a second messenger which is required for regulation of many cellular processes. However, excessive elevation or prolonged activation of calcium signaling would lead to cell death. As such, selectively regulating calcium signaling could be an alternative approach for anti-cancer therapy. Recently, we have identified an effective analogue of resveratrol, (Z)3,4,5,4′-trans-tetramethoxystilbene (TMS) which selectively elevated the intracellular calcium level in gefitinib-resistant (G-R) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. TMS exhibited significant inhibitory effect on G-R NSCLC cells, but not other NSCLC cells and normal lung epithelial cells. The phosphorylation and activation of EGFR were inhibited by TMS in G-R cells. TMS induced caspase-independent apoptosis and autophagy by directly binding to SERCA and causing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and AMPK activation. Proteomics analysis also further confirmed that mTOR pathway, which is the downstream of AMPK, was significantly suppressed by TMS. JNK, the cross-linker of ER stress and mTOR pathway was significantly activated by TMS. In addition, the inhibition of JNK activation can partially block the effect of TMS. Taken together, TMS showed promising anti-cancer activity by mediating calcium signaling pathway and inducing apoptosis as well as autophagy in G-R NSCLC cells, providing strategy in designing multi-targeting drug for treating G-R patients

MODEL OF CROATIAN SEA PASSENGER PORTS MANAGEMENT RATIONALIZATION

Predmet istraživanja u ovome znanstvenom radu je razvitak pomorskoputničkih luka u Republici Hrvatskoj do 2012. godine. Za definiranje svojstava i determinanti pomorskoputničkih luka koristilo se modelom na bazi matrice rasta. Analiza i vrednovanje pojedinih elemenata modela i dobivene izravne stope rasta imale su za cilj znanstveno formulirati rezultate istraživanja, prema najvažnijim teorijskim zakonitostima razvitka pomorskoputničkih luka u Republici Hrvatskoj. Autori su se u znanstvenom istraživanju i prezentiranju rezultata istraživanja ovog rada služili kombinaciju znanstvenih metoda kao što su: metoda analize i sinteze, metoda konkretizacije, komparativna metoda i metoda modeliranja (matrica rasta). Glavna znanstvena hipoteza dokazana je izravnim stopama rasta odabranih elemenata modela a ona glasi: Znanstveno utemeljenim spoznajama o funkcioniranju i poslovanju sustava pomorskoputničkih luka moguće je predložiti model, mjere i aktivnosti za racionalno upravljanje tim lukama kako bi se osigurao rast i razvoj sustava pomorskoputničkih luka.This paper analyses the sustainable development of sea passenger ports in the Republic of Croatia until 2012. A model of growth was used in order to define the main characteristics and determinants of sea passenger ports. The purpose of the paper was to present a scientifically-based formulation of sustainable development analysis of sea passenger ports in Croatia, based on the evaluation and analysis of relevant elements and resulting direct rates. The authors in their scientific research and presentation used a various combination of scientific methods like: analysis and syntheses method, concretization method, comparative method and modeling method (growth matrix). The main scientific hypothesis is: By using scientifically based acknowledgments about functioning and management of sea passenger port system it is possible to suggest a model, measurements and activities for the rational management of sea passenger ports in Croatia in order to secure their growth and development. This scientific hypothesis was confirmed by the direct rates of growth of the model elements

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Joint analysis of three genome-wide association studies of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Chinese populations

We conducted a joint (pooled) analysis of three genome-wide association studies (GWAS) 1-3 of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in ethnic Chinese (5,337 ESCC cases and 5,787 controls) with 9,654 ESCC cases and 10,058 controls for follow-up. In a logistic regression model adjusted for age, sex, study, and two eigenvectors, two new loci achieved genome-wide significance, marked by rs7447927 at 5q31.2 (per-allele odds ratio (OR) = 0.85, 95% CI 0.82-0.88; P=7.72x10−20) and rs1642764 at 17p13.1 (per-allele OR= 0.88, 95% CI 0.85-0.91; P=3.10x10−13). rs7447927 is a synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in TMEM173 and rs1642764 is an intronic SNP in ATP1B2, near TP53. Furthermore, a locus in the HLA class II region at 6p21.32 (rs35597309) achieved genome-wide significance in the two populations at highest risk for ESSC (OR=1.33, 95% CI 1.22-1.46; P=1.99x10−10). Our joint analysis identified new ESCC susceptibility loci overall as well as a new locus unique to the ESCC high risk Taihang Mountain region