Higher incidence of low birth weight infants among malay women with periodontitis in Kota Bharu, Kelantan

The causes of low birth weight (LBW) are complex and multifactorial. Current epidemiological and microbiological studies have suggested that maternal periodontal infection may increase the risk of delivering LBW infants. The objective ofthis prospective cohort study was to determine the incidence of LBW infants among pregnant women with periodontitis. Malay pregnant women were recruited from two selected Klinik Kesihatan Ibu dun Anak (KKIA) in the district of Kota Bharu. Of 472 women studied, 232 who had periodontitis were classfied as being exposed, while the rest who did not have periodontitis were in the non-exposed group. The incidence of LBW was 14.2% (95% CI: 9.7-18.8) in women with periodontitis, and 3.3% (95% CI: 1.1-5.6) in women without periodontitis. Pregnant women with periodontitis are at higher risk of delivering LBW infants (p<0.001). This knowledge should increase physician and patient awareness to the relevance of oral infections. Ultimately, it should help to establish the groundwork for closer communication between the medical and dental colleagues to improve the quality of antenatal care towards achieving our vision and goals for health

Prototype modeling of security system with metal detector

The security system provides the ease to people in order to manage their mall easier and this system is concern on the security of each item. This system will provide not only the items identification but also the anti-theft security. Nowadays, each items produced have a barcode that is printed on its surface as product code. The old system seems not to fully utilize the barcode on each item. This system combines the barcode with electromagnetic security strips in order to reduce the security cost. The barcode strip will be developed in two layers, the barcode and the magnetic strip. The system is working such as the customers self service in the library. The items need to be check at the counter before it been taking out from the store. If the item is not registered then, the alarm will give a warning when it passes through the electromagnetic gate. The LabVIEW program developed by National Instrument is found out to be the best selection as the wave recognition to this system. Identification of patrons and materials by barcode is a reliable technique and gave great service when combined with electro-magnetic security device

Fuzzy logic controlled miniature LEGO robot for undergraduate training system

Fuzzy logic enables designers to control complex systems more effectively than traditional approaches as it provides a simple way to arrive at a definite conclusion upon ambiguous, imprecise or noisy information. In this paper, we describe the development of two miniature LEGO robots, which are the line following and the light searching mobile robots to provide a better understanding of fuzzy logic control theory and real life application for an undergraduate training system. This study is divided into two parts. In the first part, an object sorter robot is built to perform pick and place task to load different colour objects on a fuzzy logic controlled line following robot which then carries the preloaded objects to a goal by following a white line. In the second part, an intelligent fuzzy logic controlled light searching robot with the capability to navigate in a maze is developed. All of the robots are constructed by using the LEGO Mindstorms kit. Interactive C programming language is used to program fuzzy logic robots. Experimental results show that the robots has successfully track the predefined path and navigate towards light source under the influence of the fuzzy logic controller; and therefore can be used as a training system in undergraduate fuzzy logic class

The Integration Of Simple Markov Model In Solving Single Line Production System

Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) has limitations in capital to upgrade the production process especially in installing new machines in parallel line. Generally the machines are installed in single-line and not equipped with a modern technology. If any machines in the series are breakdown and stopped, the whole production system also stopped. By understanding the condition, most of SMEs struggle to reduce the overhead cost and increase the company's profit by escalating the availability of the machines. A simple yet powerful Markov model is used in this study to identify the prime cost involves in production line downtimes. The influence of the performance of a single machine on a line is investigated. A case study in the production of the tamarind juice drink, obviously when the failure rate of the machines is reduced, the cost of lost also can be reduced

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

One Person Company in Asia and Europe: A Comparative Study

The introduction of One Person Company (OPC) has revolutionized the concept of Company operations around the world. Many countries have witnessed significant growth in their economy and Gross Domestic Products (GDP) as a result of the development of OPC. The concept of OPC received much reception because it allows one person to operate a company that has a corporate personality distinct from him. This paper is a comparative study of OPC practices in Asia and Europe with focus on legal entity, incorporation procedure, minimum share capital, appointment of a nominee and conversion of OPC. By using the doctrinal data gathering approach, the researchers examine the relevant journals, articles, books, papers, and Internet sources with a view to achieve the objective of the study. In choosing the sample States, the article further uses the GDPs as a yardstick for selecting the participating countries. The reason for adopting the GDP as the criterion is because it provides an economic snapshot of a nation which is used to calculate the size of an economy and its growth rate. The findings of the research paper reveal that the economies around the world were boosted since the inception of the OPCs. Countries like the United Kingdom, Singapore and China witnessed 3.5 percent growth in their economy since inception of OPCs. Establishing and operating Businesses have become easy because the single shareholder need not go through the tedious process of documentations, getting minimum requirements for partners as is applicable for other forms of company operations

Initial Experiment of Muscle Fatigue During Driving Game Using Electromyography

The road accident increases each year due to increased vehicle on the road. Driver vigilance easily distracted when in a state of fatigue and sleepiness. This research proposes to use physiological measures of electromyography (EMG) signal to assess muscle fatigue during driving game obtained from biceps brachii. The experiment starts with data collection of EMG signal for 3 subjects while driving Need for Speed the Run Game for 2 hours. Then signal preprocessing is applied to remove artifact in EMG signal. Next, the EMG signal is transformed into the frequency-domain using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). From FFT the Power Spectral Density (PSD) and Energy Spectral Density (ESD) can be obtained. Mean, median, RMS and average powers in PSD are calculated. While from the ESD, total energy was calculated. Based on results obtained (RMS = 9.7198, average power = 94.4744, mean = 6.2451 and median = 6.2456), the objective for the project is achieved. The result shows that the PSD is better used to evaluate the biceps brachii muscle fatigue compared to ESD

An RF switching circuit using PIN diode for a 2.4GHz frequency reconfigurable antenna

This paper discusses the design of an RF switching using PIN diode for a 2.4GHz polarization reconfigurable antenna. The PIN diode in a switching circuit requires an accompanying PIN diode driver or switch driver that provides a controlled forward bias current and a reverse bias voltage. The 2.4GHz polarization reconfigurable antenna is able to switch between Linear Polarization (LP), Left Hand Circular Polarization (LHCP) and Right Hand Circular Polarization (RHCP). The RF switching circuit includes PIN diode, RF choke inductor and DC block capacitor. The antenna also demonstrates good matching performance between the result of axial ratio and frequency for all polarization modes

Trajectory tracking control of two wheels mobile robot

This project focuses on the development of a line follower control algorithm for a Two Wheels Mobile Robot. In this project, ATMEGA32 is chosen as the brain board controller to react towards the data received from the Balance Processor Chip on the balance board which monitoring the changing of the environment through two infra-red distance sensor to solve the inclination angle problem. Hence, the system will immediately restore to the set point (balance position) through the implementation of internal PID algorithms at the balance board. Application of infrared light sensors with the PID control is vital, in order to develop a smooth line follower robot. As a result of combination between line follower program and internal self balancing algorithms, we able to develop a dynamically stabilized Balbot with line follower function