867 research outputs found
Financial Distress in the Great Depression
We use firm-level data to study corporate performance during the Great Depression era for all industrial firms on the NYSE. Our goal is to identify the factors that contribute to business insolvency and valuation changes during the period 1928 to 1938. We find that firms with more debt and lower bond ratings in 1928 became financially distressed more frequently during the Depression, consistent with the trade-off theory of leverage and the information production role of credit rating agencies. We also document for the first time that firms responded to tax incentives to use debt during the Depression era, but that the extra debt used in response to this tax-driven “debt bias” did not contribute significantly to the occurrence of distress. Finally, we conduct an out of sample test during the recent 2008-2009 Recession and find that higher leverage and lower bond ratings also increased the occurrence of financial distress during this period.
Corporate Governance, Debt, and Investment Policy during the Great Depression
We study a period of severe disequilibrium to investigate whether board characteristics are related to corporate investment, debt usage, and firm value. During the 1930-1938 Depression era, when the corporate sector was shocked by an unprecedented downturn, we document a relation between board characteristics and firm performance that varies in economically sensible ways: Complex firms (that would benefit more from board advice) exhibit a positive relation between board size and firm value, and simple firms exhibit a negative relation between board size and firm value. Moreover, simple firms with large boards do not downsize adequately in response to the severe economic contraction: they invest more (or shrink less) and use more debt during the 1930s. We document similar effects for the number of outside directors on the board. Finally, we also find that companies with properly aligned governance structures are more likely to replace the company president following poor performance.
Near room-temperature colossal magnetodielectricity and multiglass properties in partially-disordered La2NiMnO6
We report magnetic, dielectric and magnetodielectric responses of pure
monoclinic bulk phase of partially-disordered La2NiMnO6, exhibiting a spectrum
of unusual properties and establish that this system intrinsically is a true
multiglass with a large magnetodielectric coupling (8-20%) over a wide range of
temperatures (150 - 300 K). Specifically, our results establish a unique way to
obtain colossal magnetodielectricity, independent of any striction effects, by
engineering the asymmetric hopping contribution to the dielectric constant via
the tuning of the relative spin orientations between neighboring magnetic ions
in a transition metal oxide system. We discuss the role of anti-site (Ni-Mn)
disorder in emergence of these unusual properties.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, Slightly revised version of previous article in
condmat: arXiv:1202.4319v
Torque Control During Intrusion on Upper Central Incisor in Labial and Lingual bracket System - A 3D Finite Element Study
The aim of present study was to investigate the difference of torque control during intrusive force on upper central incisors with normal, under and high torque in lingual and labial orthodontic systems through 3D finite element analysis. Six 3D models of an upper right central incisor with different torque were designed in Solid Works 2006. Software ANSYS Version 16.0 was used to evaluate intrusive force on upper central incisor model . An intrusive force of 0.15 N was applied to the bracket slot in different torque models and the displacements along a path of nodes in the upper central incisor was assessed. On application of Intrusive force on under torqued upper central incisor in Labial system produce labial crown movement but in Lingual system caused lingual movement in the apical and incisal parts. The same intrusive force in normal-torqued central incisor led to a palatal movement in apical and labial displacement of incisal edge in Lingual system and a palatal displacement in apical area and a labial movement in the incisal edge in Labial systemin. In overtorqued upper central incisor, the labial crown displacement in Labial system is more than Lingual system. In labial and lingual system on application of the same forces in upper central incisor with different inclinations showed different responses. The magnitudes of torque Loss during intrusive loads in incisors with normal, under and over-torque were higher in Labial system than Lingual orthodontic appliances
Creación de personaje en la técnica clown de la puesta en escena "Los merolicos"
La creación de personaje en la técnica clown para la puesta en escena “Los merolicos
A protocol for micropropagation of Alpinia galanga
Emerging buds of rhizome of Alpinia galanga Willd produced shoots and roots simultaneously when cultured in
MS medium supplemented with kinetin 3.0 mg
Electric and magnetic polarizabilities of hexagonal Ln2CuTiO6 (Ln=Y, Dy, Ho, Er and Yb)
We investigated the rare-earth transition metal oxide series, Ln2CuTiO6
(Ln=Y, Dy, Ho, Er and Yb), crystallizing in the hexagonal structure with
non-centrosymmetric P63cm space group for possible occurrences of multiferroic
properties. Our results show that while these compounds, except Ln=Y, exhibit a
low temperature antiferromagnetic transition due to the ordering of the
rare-earth moments, the expected ferroelectric transition is frustrated by the
large size difference between Cu and Ti at the B-site. Interestingly, this
leads these compounds to attain a rare and unique combination of desirable
paraelectric properties with high dielectric constants, low losses and weak
temperature and frequency dependencies. First-principles calculations establish
these exceptional properties result from a combination of two effects. A
significant difference in the MO5 polyhedral sizes for M = Cu and M = Ti
suppress the expected co-operative tilt pattern of these polyhedra, required
for the ferroelectric transition, leading to relatively large values of the
dielectric constant for every compound investigated in this series.
Additionally, it is shown that the majority contribution to the dielectric
constant arises from intermediate-frequency polar vibrational modes, making it
relatively stable against any temperature variation. Changes in the temperature
stability of the dielectric constant amongst different members of this series
are shown to arise from changes in relative contributions from soft polar
modes.Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B (21 pages, 2 Table, 8
Figures
Leiomyoma of the nasal septum
Leiomyoma of nasal cavity is an extremely rare and unusual benign mass
that uncommonly arises from the nasal septum. These are vascular or
nonvascular masses of myogenic origin. We present a rare case of
leiomyoma arising from the nasal septum and discuss its management
using KTP 532 laser
Essential oil of leaves of Cinnamomum tamala Nees. & Eberm. from North East India
An essential oil (0.7%) having nD 28 = 1.4791 obtained by hyclrodistillation of fresh leaves of Cinnamomum tamala cultivated in North Cacher Hills of North East India was examined by gas chromatography. Fourteen oil components were identified which constituted 93.44% of the oil. Linalool was the main component (60.73%), whereas eugenol and cinnamic aldehyde were detected in trace amounts (<1%). Other components of significant occurrence (3%) in the oil were a-pinene (10.54%), b-pinene (10.42%), limonene (3.21%) and camphene (3.06%).
 
- …