1,049 research outputs found
Exercise for Weight Loss: Further Evaluating Energy Compensation with Exercise
PURPOSE: This study assessed how individuals compensate for energy expended during a 12-wk aerobic exercise intervention, elucidating potential mechanisms and the role exercise dose plays in the compensatory response.
PARTICIPANTS AND DESIGN: Three-arm, randomized controlled trial among sedentary adults age 18 to 40 yr, body mass index of 25 to 35. Groups included six exercise sessions per week, two sessions per week, and sedentary control.
METHODS: Rate of exercise energy expenditure was calculated from a graded exercise test averaged across five heart rate zones. Energy compensation was calculated as the difference between expected weight loss (based on exercise energy expenditure) and changes in fat and fat-free mass (DXA). Resting energy expenditure was assessed via indirect calorimetry and concentrations of acylated ghrelin, leptin, insulin, and Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) were assessed fasting and postprandial (six timepoints over 2 h).
RESULTS: The 6-d·wkâ1 group expended more energy (2753.5 kcal) and exercised longer (320.5 min) per week than the 2-d·wkâ1 group (1490.7 kcal, 1888.8 min, P \u3c 0.05), resulting in greater fat loss compared with the 2-d or control groups (P \u3c 0.05). Exercise groups did not differ in the % or total kcal compensated. Greater decreases in area under the curve (AUC) for acylated ghrelin predicted greater fat loss, regardless of group, energy expended per week, exercise duration, or exercise intensity. Changes in leptin AUC was the only independent predictor for energy compensation, with a greater decrease in leptin AUC predicting less energy compensation. Exercise frequency, energy expended, duration, or intensity did not influence energy compensation.
CONCLUSIONS: Leptin is an important factor in successful weight loss through exercise, with greater postprandial decreases promoting less compensation. Greater amounts of exercise do not influence the compensatory response to an exercise-induced energy deficit
ChatGPT Prompt Patterns for Improving Code Quality, Refactoring, Requirements Elicitation, and Software Design
This paper presents prompt design techniques for software engineering, in the
form of patterns, to solve common problems when using large language models
(LLMs), such as ChatGPT to automate common software engineering activities,
such as ensuring code is decoupled from third-party libraries and simulating a
web application API before it is implemented. This paper provides two
contributions to research on using LLMs for software engineering. First, it
provides a catalog of patterns for software engineering that classifies
patterns according to the types of problems they solve. Second, it explores
several prompt patterns that have been applied to improve requirements
elicitation, rapid prototyping, code quality, refactoring, and system design
Professional medical writing support and the reporting quality of randomized controlled trial abstracts among high-impact general medical journals
Background : In articles reporting randomized controlled trials, professional medical writing support is associated with increased adherence to Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT). We set out to determine whether professional medical writing support was also associated with improved adherence to CONSORT for Abstracts. Methods : Using data from a previously published cross-sectional study of 463 articles reporting randomized controlled trials published between 2011 and 2014 in five top medical journals, we determined the association between professional medical writing support and CONSORT for Abstracts items using a Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Results : The mean proportion of adherence to CONSORT for Abstracts items reported was similar with and without professional medical writing support (64.3% vs 66.5%, respectively; p=0.30). Professional medical writing support was associated with lower adherence to reporting study setting (relative risk [RR]; 0.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23â0.70), and higher adherence to disclosing harms/side effects (RR 2.04; 95% CI, 1.37â3.03) and funding source (RR 1.75; 95% CI, 1.18â2.60). Conclusions : Although professional medical writing support was not associated with increased overall adherence to CONSORT for Abstracts, important aspects were improved with professional medical writing support, including reporting of adverse events and funding source. This study identifies areas to consider for improvement.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Tritium labeling of potential lipophilic myelin probes
Two potential lipophilic myelin imaging agents (1,1,2,2âtetrafluoroâ1,2âdiphenylethane and 1âfluoroadamantane) were tritium labeled. The most effective method employed the microwave discharge activation of tritium gas technique and resulted in specific activities of 177 mCi/mmol for 1,1,2,2âtetrafluoroâ1,2âdiphenylethane and 593 mCi/mmol for 1âfluoroadamantane. Using this tritiation method significant amounts of tritiumâforâfluorine substitution was also observed in the labeling of 1âfluoroadamatane, resulting in nearly equivalent amounts of tritiated adamantane and fluoroadamantane.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90398/1/2580210110_ftp.pd
DNA repair and resistence to UV-B radiation in western spotted frogs
assessed DNA repair and resistance to solar radiation in eggs of members of the western spotted frog complex (Rana pretiosa and R. luteiventris), species whose populations are suffering severe range reductions and declines. Specifically, we measured the activity of photoreactivating enzyme (photolyase) in oocytes of spotted frogs. In some species, photoreactivation is the most important mechanism for repair of UV-damaged DNA. Using field experiments, we also compared the hatching success of spotted frog embr yos at natural oviposition sites at three elevations, where some embr yos were subjected to ambient levels of UV-B radiation and others were shielded from UV-B radiation. Compared with other amphibians, photolyase activities in spotted frogs were relatively high. At all sites, hatching success was unaffected by UV-B. Our data support the interpretation that amphibian embr yos with relatively high levels of photolyase are more resistant to UV-B radiation than those with lower levels of photolyase. At the embr yonic stage, UV-B radiation does not presently seem to be contributing to the population declines of spotted frogs.Peer reviewe
Good, bad or just good enough: representations of motherhood and the maternal role on the small screen
This article seeks to introduce the contemporary maternal experience and the âgoodâ mother myth as it exists within the media landscape before considering the ways in which the situation comedy in general and the new American comedy, Mom (2013â ) in particular have negotiated ideal images of home, hearth, family and motherhood
Assessing fitness-to-practice of overseas-trained health practitioners by Australian registration & accreditation bodies
Assessment of fitness-to-practice of health professionals trained overseas and who wish to practice in
Australia is undertaken by a range of organisations. These organisations conduct assessments using a range of
methods. However there is very little published about how these organisations conduct their assessments. The
purpose of the current paper is to investigate the methods of assessment used by these organisations and the
issues associated with conducting these assessments
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