Usıng analytıc hıerarchy process (ahp) method ın rural development

Kırsal kalkınma; kırsal alanlardaki yaşam koşullarını iyileştirmeye yönelik, kırsaldaki nüfusun kent alanlarındaki ekonomik, sosyal, kültürel ve teknolojik nimetlerden, göç olgusunu yaşamalarına gerek olmaksızın, bulundukları yerde faydalanmalarını sağlayan ekonomik ve sosyal politikalar bütünüdür. Bu tanımlamadan da anlaşılacağı gibi kırsal kalkınma çok kapsamlı bir kavramdır. Bu nedenle kalkınma çalışmalarında problemin açık ve net olarak ortaya konulması, analiz edilmesi ve birçok kriterin uzman kişiler tarafından değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Kalkınma çalışmalarındaki bu aşamalarda “Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci” (AHS) yöntemi kullanılabilir. AHS yöntemi, çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinden biridir. Problemi kendi içinde küçük parçalara ayırdıktan sonra, karşılaştırılan iki elementin, aralarındaki önemini ve bu önemin ne kadar olduğu yargısını belirleyen bir sistemdir. Hem nitel, hem de nicel faktörlerin değerlendirilmesine olanak tanımaktadır. Aynı zamanda da birçok uzmanın fikirlerinden yararlanılmasını ve karar verme sürecinde rol almasını sağlamaktadır. Yöntemin bu özelliklerinden dolayı makalede AHS yönteminin kullanıldığı alanlardan birisinin de kırsal kalkınma çalışmaları olabileceğine dikkat çekilmiştir. Makalede örnek olarak kırsal kalkınmada önemli faktörlerden biri olan ve birçok çalışmada göz ardı edilen kültürel faktörler değerlendirilmiştir. Bu uygulamalar ve diğer değerlendirmeler sonucunda AHS yönteminin kırsal kalkınma çalışmalarında kullanılmasının yararlı olacağı sonucuna varılmıştır.Rural development is a body of economical and social policies towards improving living conditions in rural areas through enabling rural population to utilize economical, social, cultural and technological blessing of city life in place, without migrating. As it is understood from this description, rural development is a very broad concept. Therefore, in development efforts problem should be stated clearly, analyzed and many criterias should be evaluated by experts. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method can be utilized at there stages of development efforts. AHP methods is one of multi-criteria decision method. After degrading a problem in smaller pieces, relative importance and level of importance of two compared elements are determined. It allows evaluation of quality and quantity factors. At the same time, it permits utilization of ideas of many experts and use them in decision process. Because mentioned features of AHP method, it could be used in rural development works. In this article, cultural factors, one of the important components of rural development is often ignored in many studies, were evaluated as an example. As a result of these applications and evaluations, it is concluded that AHP method could be helpful in rural development efforts

Beyond the Rozanov Bound on Electromagnetic Absorption via Periodic Temporal Modulations

Incorporating time-varying elements into electromagnetic systems has shown to be a powerful approach to challenge well-established performance limits, for example bounds on absorption and impedance matching. So far, the majority of these studies have concentrated on time-switched systems, where the material undergoes instantaneous modulation in time while the input field is entirely contained within it. This approach, however, necessitates accurate timing of the switching event and limits how thin the system can ultimately be due to the spatial width of the impinging pulse. To address these challenges, here we investigate the periodic temporal modulation of highly lossy materials, focusing on their relatively unexplored parametric absorption aspects. Our results reveal that, by appropriately selecting the modulation parameters, the absorption performance of a periodically modulated absorber can be greatly improved compared to its time-invariant counterpart, and can even exceed the theoretical bound for conventional electromagnetic absorbers, namely, the "Rozanov bound". Our findings thus demonstrate the potential of periodic temporal modulations to enable significant improvements in absorber performance while circumventing the limitations imposed by precise timing and material thickness in time-switched schemes, opening up new opportunities for the design and optimization of advanced electromagnetic absorber systems for various applications.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure

Polarization-independent broadband bidirectional optical cloaking using a new type of inverse scattering approach

(c) 2017 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other users, including reprinting/ republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted components of this work in other works.Since the advent of transformation optics a decade ago [1], the ability to achieve optical cloaking has become a matter of practical realization. However, so far extreme material requirements and large device areas have significantly posed an obstacle to realize compact cloaking schemes that are fully functional. Here, by taking a different approach and by following our recently developed general theorem to control the scattering behaviour of an arbitrary object on a specific demand [2], we show that nearly perfect bidirectional optical cloaking effect can be generated for any type of object with a given shape and size. Contrary to previous approaches, we reveal that such a method is always able to produce local refractive indices larger than one and that neither gain nor lossy materials are required. Furthermore, by means of numerical calculations, we demonstrate a highly tunable broad operational bandwidth of 550 nm (covering 650-1200 nm interval) and an angular aperture of 36° for both directions and polarizations. With these unprecedented features, we expect that the present work will hold a great potential to enable a new class of optical cloaking structures that will find applications particularly in communication systems, defence industry and in other related fields.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Slow light enabled wavelength demultiplexing

Photonic crystal waveguides supporting band gap guided modes hold great potential to tailor the group velocity of propagating light. We propose and explore different wavelength demultiplexer design approaches that utilize slow light concept. By altering the dielectric filling factors of each waveguide segment, one can show that different frequencies can be separated and extracted at different locations along the cascaded waveguide. Furthermore, to eliminate the inherent reflection loss of such a design, a composite structure involving a tapered waveguide with a side-coupled resonator is also presented. Such a structure features not only a forward propagating wave but also a backward propagating wave acting as a feedback mechanism for the drop channels. We show that by careful design of the waveguide and the resonator, the destructive and instructive interference of these waves can effectively eliminate the reflection loss and increase the coupling efficiency, respectively. Numerical and experimental verification of the proposed structures show that the targeted frequencies can be coupled out with low cross-talks and moderate quality factors, while maintaining a compact size. © 2016 IEEE.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Huzurevleri ve yaşlı rehabilitasyon merkezlerinde çalışanların iş yükü algısı ile tükenmişlik düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi

Aim: To identify the relationship between workload perception and burnout levels of employees at nursing homes and elderly rehabilitation centers. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at private and public nursing homes and elderly rehabilitation centers in Istanbul. An Information Form that questioned demographic characteristics, the Individual Workload Perception Scale and Maslach Burnout Inventory were used to collect data on the employees (n=777) that provided elderly care at these facilities. Results: Averages total scores of the emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, personal accomplishment sub-dimensions of the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the average total score of the overall scale were calculated as 23.34±7.35, 9.87±4.56, 17.22±5.47, and 50.44±13.77, respectively. Individual workload perception had statistically significant relationships with emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment (F=39.273, p=0.001; F=23.894, p=0.001; F=33.971; p=0.001). Conclusion: A significant relationship was observed between the increase in manager support, coworker support, unit support, and the decrease in the total burnout level.Amaç: Huzurevleri ve yaşlı rehabilitasyon merkezlerinde çalışanların iş yükü algıları ile tükenmişlik düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Kesitsel tipteki bu çalışma, İstanbul'da bulunan özel ve kamu huzurevlerinde ve yaşlı rehabilitasyon merkezlerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu tesislerde yaşlı bakımı yapan çalışanlara (n=777) ilişkin verilerin toplanması için demografik özellikleri sorgulayan Bilgi Formu, Bireysel İş Yükü Algı Ölçeği ve Maslach Tükenmişlik Envanteri kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Maslach Tükenmişlik Envanteri'nin duygusal tükenme, duyarsızlaşma, kişisel başarı alt boyutlarının toplam puan ortalamaları ile ölçek toplam puan ortalaması sırasıyla 23,34±7,35, 9,87±4,56, 17,22±5,47 ve 50,44±13,77 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bireysel iş yükü algısı, duygusal tükenme, duyarsızlaşma ve kişisel başarı ile istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişkilere sahipti (F=39,273, p=0,001; F=23,894, p=0,001; F=33,971; p=0,001). Sonuç: Yönetici desteği, iş arkadaşı desteği, birim desteğindeki artış ile toplam tükenmişlik düzeyindeki azalma arasında anlamlı bir ilişki gözlemlenmiştir

Proverbs and Idioms in Children's Books

In this study, it was searched for the extent to which proverbs and idioms were included in the children's books that were taught to elementary school students. Children's books which are taught at the stage of children's vocabulary enriched rapidly and significantly, present the vocabulary of the mother tongue and its universe of meaning to a child. The richness of a vocabulary provides superiority to the students in terms of human relations and their learning. Proverbs which are one of the elements that constitute the vocabulary of Turkish; are concise words that reflect society's wisdom, experiences, and expression power; idioms, on the other hand, are a stereotyped phrase which states a concept or a situation with an attractive narrative and which also has a side meaning. The method of this study is to document review. Within the scope of the study, children's books that are taught to elementary school students are described in terms of their use of proverbs and idiomatic expressions. The results obtained from the research are discussed in the light of literature, and suggestions for the researchers, teachers and authors are presented with the collected findings

Determination of the Effective Time of Denture Cleanser Tablets on the Removal of Candida Albicans on Denture Base Resins

Objective: The aim of this study was to determinate of the effective time of different denture cleanser tablets on the removal of Candida albicans on various base resins. Materials and Methods: Conventional heat cured resin, high impact resin, autopolymerized resin, and polyamide resin were used. 160 samples were prepared for each resin type.  The biofilm of C. albicans was formed on the resins and then exposed to alkaline peroxide tablet and enzymatic tablets for 3-5-10-20-40-80-160-200 minutes. Cell viability was assessed by MTT test. 3-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Results: The effect of resin type, tablet type and application time on cell viability of C. albicans were found to be significant (p<0.05). Cell death was at least 65% on the resins even at the minimum time. Furthermore, as the duration of administration of both tablets increased, cell viability in all resins tended to decrease. The administration of both tablets on all resins for 10 min resulted in approximately 80% cell death. Additionally, the most significant antimicrobial activities of the tablets were determined on 20th minutes. The alkaline peroxide tablet on all base resins for application periods of 3 to 200 minutes was generally more effective than the enzymatic tablet. Conclusion: Alkaline peroxide and enzymatic cleanser tablets showed remarkable anticandidal activity for all resins. The patients with risk of C. albicans infection should keep their prostheses in cleanser tablets for at least 20 minutes. Furthermore, the anticandidal effect tended to increase with prolonged exposure time

Çok Uyaranlı Eğitim Ortamlarının Öğrencilerin Kavram Gelişimine Etkisi

In this study it was searched whether multi stimuli educational environment has an impact on concept development of students or not. This empirical research, in essence, was carried out with two groups. In the experiment group, ten different lesson plans in which multi stimuli educational environment was used as basic means were carried out throughout the term. In the control group, education was implemented in the traditional form. Data were obtained through multiple choice “concept development test” which measures “concept development test” worked up by the researchers on “knowledge”, “comprehension”, “application”, levels. “Concept development test” was given to both the experiment and control groups at the beginning, at the end and three weeks after it was completed. The analysis of the data obtained, revealed an important difference in favor of the experiment group and hypothesis of the research was confirmed. As a conclusion, it has been determined that multi stimuli educational environments carried out in Turkish lessons in primary education are more effective than current approach, in concept development and its retention.Bu çalışmada, çok uyaranlı eğitim ortamlarının öğrencilerin kavram gelişimine etkisi olup olmadığı araştırılmıştır. Deneysel nitelik taşıyan bu araştırma, iki grup üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Deney grubunda, dönem boyunca, “çok uyaranlı eğitim ortamları”nın temel araç olarak kullanıldığı on ayrı eğitim durumu uygulanmıştır. Kontrol grubunda ise, araştırma süresince, öğretim, yürürlükteki yaklaşımla sürdürülmüştür. Veriler, araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen kavram gelişimini “bilgi”, “kavrama” ve “uygulama” düzeylerinde ölçen çoktan seçmeli “Kavram Gelişimi Ölçme Aracı” ile elde edilmiştir. Araştırma sürecinin başında, sonunda ve uygulamadan üç hafta sonra deney ve kontrol gruplarına “Kavram Gelişimi Ölçme Aracı” verilmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin çözümlenmesi sonucunda deney grubu lehine anlamlı bir fark bulunmuş, araştırmanın denenceleri doğrulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, ilköğretim Türkçe dersinde işe koşulan çok uyaranlı eğitim ortamlarının, kavram gelişimi ve kavram gelişiminin kalıcılığı üzerinde, yürürlükteki yaklaşıma göre daha etkili olduğu saptanmıştır

Consumers and brands across the globe: research synthesis and new directions

Extensive research has investigated branding practices, processes, and consumers’ reactions to brands in a globalized world. In this review, the authors aim to organize and synthesize the growing literature on branding, culture, and globalization from a behavioral perspective by reviewing 129 articles published over 25 years. Specifically, they explicate two perspectives found in the literature: (1) global–local branding and (2) the influence of culture on consumer and brand interactions. The authors identify conceptual gaps in the literature and discuss how new realities in the macro environment (e.g., political issues, digital transformation, environmental concerns) may affect the interaction between culture, brands, and consumers in a globalized world. This review facilitates a more impactful future research agenda in both theory and practice at the interface of branding and globalization from the perspective of behavioral outcomes