Gauge Anomaly associated with the Majorana Fermion in 8k+18k+1 dimensions

Using an elementary method, we show that an odd number of Majorana fermions in $8k+1$ dimensions suffer from a gauge anomaly that is analogous to the Witten global gauge anomaly. This anomaly cannot be removed without sacrificing the perturbative gauge invariance. Our construction of higher-dimensional examples ($k geq1$) makes use of the SO(8) instanton on $S^8$.Comment: 10 pages, uses PTPTeX.cls, the final version to appear in Prog. Theor. Phy

Building the corporate risk control system with some viewpoints on the risk psychology

The recent series of corporate scandals in the U.S. and Japan force the corporate management to rebuild the capability to minimize potential losses from such scandals. An effective risk management scheme should be built into the entity's infrastructure and also as part of the essence of the enterprise. In order to have an effective risk management scheme, we should consider the management and other member's psychological aspects of decision-making in both individual and group settings. This is because the corporate process is pursued by the people who make up the organization

Impacts of COVID-19 on global value chains

We investigate the impacts of COVID-19 on global value chains by examining bilateral trade in finished machinery products from January to June in both 2019 and 2020. We use the numbers of COVID¬ 19 cases and deaths as measures of the impact of the pandemic. Specifically, we investigate how these impacts affect value chains in three scenarios—countries that import finished machinery products, countries that export finished machinery products, and countries that export machinery parts to countries exporting finished machinery products—to assess the impacts on demand, output, and supply chain effects, respectively. In our analysis, the largest negative impacts were from supply chain effects, followed by output effects. In contrast, we did not find significant impacts from demand effects. We also found that output effects are not so strong in intra-Asian trade compared with trade in other regions

Note on massless bosonic states in two-dimensional field theories

In a wide class of $G_L\times G_R$ invariant two-dimensional super-renormalizable field theories, the parity-odd part of the two-point function of global currents is completely determined by a fermion one-loop diagram. For any non-trivial fermion content, the two-point function possesses a massless pole which corresponds to massless bosonic physical states. As an application, we show that two-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=(2,2)$ supersymmetric gauge theory without a superpotential possesses $U(1)_L\times U(1)_R$ symmetry and contains one massless bosonic state per fixed spatial momentum. The $\mathcal{N}=(4,4)$ supersymmetric pure Yang-Mills theory possesses $SU(2)_L\times SU(2)_R$ symmetry, and there exist at least three massless bosonic states.Comment: 17pages, 4 figures, uses PTPTeX.cls and feynMF, added an appendi

Impacts of covid-19 on international trade : evidence from the first quarter of 2020

The aim of this study is to present early evidence for the impacts of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) on international trade. Accordingly, we investigate trade among 186 countries in the firstquarter of 2020. The disease burden of COVID-19 is measured in terms of the number of cases anddeaths. Our findings can be summarized as follows. First, the COVID-19 burden in exportingcountries, but in not importing countries, has a significantly negative effect on trade. Second, thisnegative impact of exporters’ COVID-19 burden is seen in exports from developing countries but notfrom developed countries. Third, the COVID-19 burden in an exporter’s neighboring countries has apositive effect on its exports. Fourth, importers’ COVID-19 burden has positive effects on trade in theagricultural industry, whereas exporters’ COVID-19 burden has negative effects, particularly in thetextile, footwear, and plastic industries

Impacts of lockdown policies on international trade

The aim of this study is to quantify how lockdown policies implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic affected international trade in the first half of 2020. We examine monthly world trade data between January and June in both 2019 and 2020. Our findings can be summarized as follows. Stay-at-home orders did not have significant and robust effects on trade. Negative effects were found in only some industries, including those producing durable products and essential products. However, workplace closures had significantly negative effects on trade, except for intra-Asian trade. These effects of workplace closures can be found in most industries