Duopole et percées technologiques : un modèle de jeu différentiel déterministe par morceaux

Cet article concerne la modélisation d’une situation de concurrence imparfaite, face à une possibilité de percée technologique induisant des modifications importantes des coûts de production et, par le fait même, déclenchant une phase de domination de la firme détenant l’avantage technologique. Ce modèle utilise le formalisme de la théorie des jeux différentiels déterministes par morceaux. Entre deux instants aléatoires correspondant aux périodes d’occurence de percées technologiques le jeu est totalement déterministe. Au moment d’une percée technologique, le comportement des firmes en présence peut être modifié, le mode de jeu passant de l’équilibre de Cournot à la solution de Stackelberg et vice versa. Les conditions d’équilibre sont établies et une première interprétation économique de ces conditions est donnée. Quelques possibilités de prolongement de ce modèle sont aussi discutées.This paper deals with a duopoly model in a situation where technological breakthroughs are possible. The innovation process is described as a continuous-time Markov chain with jump depending on level of R&D capital accumulated through investment by each firm. When a firm is the first to have access to the innovation it gains a market advantage and becomes a leader à la Stackelberg, until the competing firm gains itself access to its own improved production process. In this paper we show how the recently developed theory of piece wise deterministic differential games permits the analysis of this economic situation. Equilibrium conditions are formulated in the frameworks of dynamic programming and control theory. An economic interpretation of these conditions is provided

Modèle de population pour la planification de l’offre de service

This paper deals with the problem of adjusting the supply of public services to the demand for such services. In this matter, the planner is faced with a population having a stochastic behavior and he has to solve ticklish resource allocation problems. After presenting a general frame of modeling that fits such problems, the author gives some examples taken from education, social and care services. The last section is devoted to statistical and mathematical problems that have to be solved in order to operationalise such an approach

Structures d’information et décision en équipe dans le système de distribution des soins

In this paper one proposes a methodological framework for the study of information and decision structures in hospital management. With a particular reference to the control of nursing care demand and supply, various information and decision schemes are considered.The concepts of disease dynamics, state of the hospital system, information, strategy are explored. It is shown how recent theoretical results dealing with the economics of information or team decision theory may serve to formulate and analyse some fundamental resource allocation problems

Théorie des systèmes et prospective : le cas de l’économie de l’énergie

The theory of systems is presented as an operational theory that can be used to modelize the structure of technical or social systems. Simulation and optimalization techniques can be used to operate this model on a computer for analyzing different scenarios. A recent study of the economy of energy and of the particular role of hydrogen is presented as an example of such a use of the theory of systems in the studies on prospective

A Multigenerational Game Model to Analyze Sustainable Development

This paper deals with a multigeneration game that provides a new rationale for representing time preference in very long term cost benefit analysis, as it happens typically in the economics of global climate change. One defines an intergenerational game where each generation has a random life duration and transfers the control of the economic system to the next generation at the end of its life. The payoff to a generation is a discounted sum of the expected consumption by the whole infinite sequence of generations, starting with the current one. The equilibrium is characterized by a dynamic programming equation; a unique solution is proved to exist; a numerical technique is proposed and implemented on a continuous time simplified version of the model DICE94. The results show the influence of this form of altruism on the asymptotic steady states of the economy subject to a global climate change effec

Théorie des systèmes et prospective : le cas de l’économie de l’énergie

The theory of systems is presented as an operational theory that can be used to modelize the structure of technical or social systems. Simulation and optimalization techniques can be used to operate this model on a computer for analyzing different scenarios. A recent study of the economy of energy and of the particular role of hydrogen is presented as an example of such a use of the theory of systems in the studies on prospective.

Structures d’information et décision en équipe dans le système de distribution des soins

In this paper one proposes a methodological framework for the study of information and decision structures in hospital management. With a particular reference to the control of nursing care demand and supply, various information and decision schemes are considered.

Modèle de population pour la planification de l’offre de service

This paper deals with the problem of adjusting the supply of public services to the demand for such services. In this matter, the planner is faced with a population having a stochastic behavior and he has to solve ticklish resource allocation problems. After presenting a general frame of modeling that fits such problems, the author gives some examples taken from education, social and care services. The last section is devoted to statistical and mathematical problems that have to be solved in order to operationalise such an approach.