Molecular analysis of apoptosis related genes DNA methylation status in endometrial carcinogenesis

Aberrant methylation in the promoters of genes associated with apoptosis was observed in many human cancers, but in the context of endometrial cancer only few publications have described the DNA methylation status of these genes. Apoptosis is a program cell death to maintain a tissue homeostasis in normal menstrual cycle. Disturbances in this pathway can promote cancer cell survival and furthermore are associated with resistance to therapy in endometrial cancer. Despite a high curability of this cancer type, prognosis of patients with advanced disease is still poor. One of the major mechanism of resistance to therapy is the aberrant DNA methylation pattern. Analysis of aberrant DNA methylation status can reveal early biomarkers in endometrial tumorigenesis and reflect apoptosis resistance development

A population-based study of glutathione-S-transferase M1, T1 and P1 genotypes

A retrospective study on healthy, unrelated subjects was conducted in order to estimate population glutathione-S-transferases (GST) genotype frequencies in Slovak population of men and compare our results with already published data (GSEC project)^1^. A further aim of the study was to evaluate frequencies of the _GST_ polymorphisms also in patients with prostate cancer in order to compare the evaluated proportions with those found in the control subjects. Analysis for the _GST_ gene polymorphisms was performed by PCR and PCR-RFLP. We found that the proportions are not significantly different from those estimated in a European multicentre study or from the results published by another group in Slovakia. We found significantly increased age-standardized prostate cancer prevalence rates in the carriers of _GSTM1_ null genotype (P = 0.037) and trend for such an increase in the carriers of _GSTP1_ polymorphism when compared with the respective groups of non-carriers. Because understanding of the contribution of _GST_ gene polymorphisms and their interactions with other relevant factors may improve screening diagnostic assays for prostate cancer, we discuss issues of study feasibility, study design, and statistical power, which should be taken into account in planning further trials

Global methylation status in malignant brain tumor tissue

The DNA methylation is one of the main epigenetic inheritance form, which contributes in the regulation of gene expression. Abnormalities in DNA methylation processes can provide information about many pathophysiological conditions, including tumorigenesis. DNA hypomethylation was the initial epigenetic abnormality recognized in human tumors. Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common and the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults and therefore is considered one of the major issue in modern medicine

Polymorphisms of glutathione-S-transferase M1, T1, P1 and the risk of prostate cancer: a case-control study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>It has been suggested that polymorphisms in glutathione-<it>S</it>-transferases (GST) could predispose to prostate cancer through a heritable deficiency in detoxification pathways for environmental carcinogens. Yet, studies linking <it>GST </it>polymorphism and prostate cancer have so far failed to unambiguously establish this relation in patients. A retrospective study on healthy, unrelated subjects was conducted in order to estimate the population <it>GST </it>genotype frequencies in the Slovak population of men and compare our results with already published data (GSEC project-Genetic Susceptibility to Environmental Carcinogens). A further aim of the study was to evaluate polymorphisms in <it>GST </it>also in patients with prostate cancer in order to compare the evaluated proportions with those found in the control subjects.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We determined the <it>GST </it>genotypes in 228 healthy, unrelated subjects who attended regular prostate cancer screening between May 2005 and June 2007 and in 129 histologically verified prostate cancer patients. Analysis for the <it>GST </it>gene polymorphisms was performed by PCR and PCR-RFLP.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We found that the <it>GST </it>frequencies are not significantly different from those estimated in a European multicentre study or from the results published by another group in Slovakia. Our results suggest that <it>Val/Val </it>genotype of <it>GSTP1 </it>gene could modulate the risk of prostate cancer, even if this association did not reach statistical significance. We did not observe significantly different crude rates of the <it>GSTM1 </it>and <it>GSTT1 </it>null genotypes in the men diagnosed with prostate cancer and those in the control group.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Understanding the contribution of <it>GST </it>gene polymorphisms and their interactions with other relevant factors may improve screening diagnostic assays for prostate cancer. We therefore discuss issues of study feasibility, study design, and statistical power, which should be taken into account in planning further trials.</p

Sloboda prejavu a cenzúra na internete

Bakalářská práce se zaměřuje na svobodu projevu a cenzuru na internetu. Za posledních 30 let dosáhl internet celosvětového rozsahu. S nástupem internetu svoboda projevu dosáhla nečekaných rozměrů, protože internet je typ masového komunikátoru, který usnadňuje dostupnost informací po celém světě. Na začátku byl tento komunikátor bez jakýchkoli bariér, ale ve velmi krátké době se začal zneužívat ke kriminalitě, pornografii, terorismu, a tím pádem se začala chtěná, či spíše "nutná" cenzura. Bakalářská práce sestává ze sedmi kapitol. První část je zaměřena na svobodu projevu na internetu. Druhá část pojednává o samotné cenzuře. Třetí část se zabývá důvody, kterými je internetová cenzura podložena. Předposlední část mé bakalářské práce je věnována technickým a netechnickým prostředkem internetové cenzury. Poslední část této práce je věnována průzkumu, ve kterém zjišťuji názory obyvatel České republiky na cenzuru internetu.Bachelor thesis focuses on freedom of expression and censorship on the Internet. In the last 30s reached the internet globally. With the advent of Internet freedom of expression has reached unexpected proportions, because the Internet is a type of mass communicator that facilitates the availability of information around the world. In the beginning was the communicator without any barriers, but in a very short time began to abuse to crime, pornography, terrorism, and thus began willed, or rather "necessary" censorship. Bachelor thesis consists of seven chapters. The first part focuses on freedom of expression on the Internet. The second part deals with censorship itself. The third part deals with the reasons that Internet censorship is unfounded. The penultimate part of my work is dedicated to non-technical and technical tools of censorship. The last part of this work is devoted to the research, which will seek the views of the Slovak population to internet censorship.Bakalárska práca sa zameriava na slobodu prejavu a cenzúru na internete. Za posledných 30.rokov dosiahol internet celosvetového rozsahu. S nástupom internetu sloboda prejavu dosiahla nečakaných rozmerov, pretože internet je typ masového komunikátora, ktorý uľahčuje dostupnosť informácií po celom svete. Na začiatku bol tento komunikátor bez akýchkoľvek bariér, no vo veľmi krátkej dobe sa začal zneužívať ku kriminalite, pornografii, terorizmu, a tým pádom sa začala chcená, či skôr nutná cenzúra. Bakalárska práca pozostáva zo siedmich kapitol. Prvá časť je zameraná na slobodu prejavu na internete. Druhá časť pojednáva o samotnej cenzúre. Tretia časť sa zaoberá dôvodmi, ktorými je internetová cenzúra podložená. Predposledná časť mojej bakalárskej práce je venovaná technickým a netechnickým prostriedkom internetovej cenzúry. Posledná časť tejto práce je venovaná prieskumu, v ktorom zisťujem názory obyvateľov Slovenskej republiky na internetovú cenzúru

Freedom of speech and censorship on the Internet

Bachelor thesis focuses on freedom of expression and censorship on the Internet. In the last 30s reached the internet globally. With the advent of Internet freedom of expression has reached unexpected proportions, because the Internet is a type of mass communicator that facilitates the availability of information around the world. In the beginning was the communicator without any barriers, but in a very short time began to abuse to crime, pornography, terrorism, and thus began willed, or rather "necessary" censorship. Bachelor thesis consists of seven chapters. The first part focuses on freedom of expression on the Internet. The second part deals with censorship itself. The third part deals with the reasons that Internet censorship is unfounded. The penultimate part of my work is dedicated to non-technical and technical tools of censorship. The last part of this work is devoted to the research, which will seek the views of the Slovak population to internet censorship

Different Approaches for the Profiling of Cancer Pathway-Related Genes in Glioblastoma Cells

Deregulation of signalling pathways that regulate cell growth, survival, metabolism, and migration can frequently lead to the progression of cancer. Brain tumours are a large group of malignancies characterised by inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity, with glioblastoma (GBM) being the most aggressive and fatal. The present study aimed to characterise the expression of cancer pathway-related genes (n = 84) in glial tumour cell lines (A172, SW1088, and T98G). The transcriptomic data obtained by the qRT-PCR method were compared to different control groups, and the most appropriate control for subsequent interpretation of the obtained results was chosen. We analysed three widely used control groups (non-glioma cells) in glioblastoma research: Human Dermal Fibroblasts (HDFa), Normal Human Astrocytes (NHA), and commercially available mRNAs extracted from healthy human brain tissues (hRNA). The gene expression profiles of individual glioblastoma cell lines may vary due to the selection of a different control group to correlate with. Moreover, we present the original multicriterial decision making (MCDM) for the possible characterization of gene expression profiles. We observed deregulation of 75 genes out of 78 tested in the A172 cell line, while T98G and SW1088 cells exhibited changes in 72 genes. By comparing the delta cycle threshold value of the tumour groups to the mean value of the three controls, only changes in the expression of 26 genes belonging to the following pathways were identified: angiogenesis FGF2; apoptosis APAF1, CFLAR, XIAP; cellular senescence BM1, ETS2, IGFBP5, IGFBP7, SOD1, TBX2; DNA damage and repair ERCC5, PPP1R15A; epithelial to mesenchymal transition SNAI3, SOX10; hypoxia ADM, ARNT, LDHA; metabolism ATP5A1, COX5A, CPT2, PFKL, UQCRFS1; telomeres and telomerase PINX1, TINF2, TNKS, and TNKS2. We identified a human astrocyte cell line and normal human brain tissue as the appropriate control group for an in vitro model, despite the small sample size. A different method of assessing gene expression levels produced the same disparities, highlighting the need for caution when interpreting the accuracy of tumorigenesis markers