Assessment of sympathetic skin response to acne vulgaris

Acne vulgaris (AV) is a common pilosebase unit disease characterized by peripheral inflammation. Because it is associated with the peripheral nervous system, the cranial nervous system and the autonomic nervous system, the skin is a neuroimmunoendocrine organ. Various neuroendocrine hormones and catecholamines are also released by keratinocytes, which stimulate inflammation in the pilosebase unit. In this study, sympathetic skin response (SSR) evaluating the sympathetic nervous system function as a reflex against internal and external stimuli in AV will be evaluated. 31 AV patients (mean age: 22.48 ± 2.35, 20 female, 11 male) and 29 healthy volunteers (mean age: 23.19 ± 1.27, 18 female, 11 male) between the ages of 18-30 were included in the study. All patient and control groups were questioned about detailed disease and medication intake history. Dermatologic examination was performed by a single experienced dermatologist, and global acne score (GAS) was calculated. For SSR measurement, both median nerve were warned separately on both wrists. The frequency filters is set to 0.5-2000 Hz and the analysis time is set to about 10 seconds. The SSR latencies were recorded in seconds (s) and the amplitudes were recorded in millivolts (mV). The mean age and sex of the groups were similar (p> 0,05, for each). There was no significant difference between AV and healthy control groups in terms of SSR latencies and amplitudes in both extremes ((p> 0.05, for each) AV patients had a mean GAS of 15.61. There was no correlation between GAS and latency and amplitude values of both extremities in AV patients (p> 0.05). As a result, it was found that SSR did not differ from normal people in AV cases. Changes in the autonomic nervous system in AV should be evaluated with more sensitive tests. [Med-Science 2017; 6(4.000): 668-670

Frequency of subclinical peripheral neuropathy in cases of untreated brucellosis

Introduction: Brucellosis is a common zoonotic disease in some areas of the world. It may affect several organs and is known to involve the nervous system in 2.7-17.8% of affected patients. During the progression of brucellosis, peripheral neuropathies (PNs) have been reported. However, there are few studies investigating the presence of subclinical neuropathy in asymptomatic patients. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the presence of peripheral neuropathy using electrophysiological methods in newly-diagnosed untreated brucellosis patients. Methodology: The study included a control group of 60 healthy volunteers and 60 untreated brucellosis patients with a positive result of 1/160 or above on a brucella tube agglutination test. The patient and control groups were evaluated by electrophysiological methods. Results: In the patient group, all investigated motor nerves had slower average motor conduction speeds, reduced compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitudes and delayed F response and terminal latency compared to the control group. The sural nerve sensory conduction speed was slower and the sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) was found to be reduced. Conclusion: Among the 60 patients with acute brucellosis, 18% had sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy of widespread axonal character. Brucellosis can have many effects in the nervous system, including clinical or subclinical peripheral neuropathy in the peripheral nervous system. Brucellosis should be considered for differential diagnosis of patients with unexplained neurological and clinically relevant electrophysiological findings, especially in regions with endemic brucellosis

Accumulation of alpha-Synuclein in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells of Diabetic Rats and Its Potential Relationship with Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Markers

WOS: 000392134300001PubMed ID: 28133547Objective. The present study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between plasma oxidative stress markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), inflammatory marker pentraxin-3 (PTX3), and cerebellar accumulation of alpha-synuclein in streptozotocin-(STZ-) induced diabetes model in rats. Methods. Twelve rats were included in the study. Diabetes (p = 6) was induced with a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg). Diabetes was verified after 48 h by measuring blood glucose levels. Six rats served as controls. Following 8 weeks, rats were sacrificed for biochemical and immunohistochemical evaluation. Results. Plasma MDA levels were significantly higher in diabetic rats when compared with the control rats (p < 0.01), while plasma GSH levels were lower in the diabetic group than in the control group (p < 0.01). Also, plasma pentraxin-3 levels were statistically higher in diabetic rats than in the control rats (p < 0.01). The analysis of cerebellar alpha-synuclein immunohistochemistry showed a significant increase in alpha-synuclein immunoexpression in the diabetic group compared to the control group (p < 0.01). Conclusion. Due to increased inflammation and oxidative stress in the chronic period of hyperglycemia linked to diabetes, there may be alpha-synuclein accumulation in the cerebellum and the plasma PTX3 levels may be assessed as an important biomarker of this situation

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension presenting with coma: a case report and literature review

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension is characterized by orthostatic headache in the absence of a history of head trauma or lumbar puncture, and diagnosis is confirmed by a specific cerebrospinal fluid pressure and neuroimaging findings. It rarely presents with coma. A 62-year-old man presented with progressive cognitive decline of 2 to 4 weeks' duration. He was diagnosed with spontaneous intracranial hypotension according to cerebrospinal fluid pressure and neuroimaging findings, and treated conservatively

Intraocular Pressure and Ocular Biometric Parameters Changes in Migraine

Background The aim of this study was to assess the intraocular pressure and ocular biometric parameters in migraine patients during acute migraine attacks and compare them with painless period and healthy controls using a new optical biometer AL-Scan. Methods In this prospective, case–control study, the axial length, corneal curvature radius, anterior chamber depth, central corneal thickness, and pupil size of 40 migraine patients during acute migraine attacks and painless period and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were measured using a AL-Scan optical biometer (Nidek Co., Gamagori, Japan). All patients underwent a complete ophthalmic examination before the measurements. IOP and biometer measurements were taken at the same time of day (10:00–12:00) in order to minimize the effects of diurnal variation. Results There was not a statistically significant difference in intraocular pressure between the migraine patients during acute migraine attacks (15.07 mmHg), painless period (14.10 mmHg), and the controls (15,73 ± 0,81). Also, the ocular biometric parameters did not significantly vary during the acute migraine attacks. Conclusions Further studies are needed to evaluate the etiopathologic relationship between intraocular pressure and ocular biometric parameters and acute migraine attack.PubMedWoSScopu

Neuroprotective effects of octreotide on diabetic neuropathy in rats

WOS: 000402468200054PubMed ID: 28249248The purpose of the present study is to investigate the possible healing effects of octreotide (OCT) on motor performance, electrophysiological and histopathological findings of diabetic neuropathy in a rat model of diabetes mellitus (DM). To induce diabetes, rats were administered a single dose (60 mg/kg) of streptozotocin (STZ). Diabetic rats were treated either with saline (1 ml/kg/day, n = 7) or OCT (0.1 mg/kg/ day, n = 7) for four weeks. Seven rats served as control group and received no treatment. At the end of the study, electromyography (EMG), gross motor function (inclined plate test), general histology and the perineural thickness of sciatic nerve were evaluated. At the end of study, weight loss was significantly lower in OCT treated rats than that of saline treated ones (p < 0.001). Electrophysiologically, compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitudes of the saline treated DM group were significantly reduced than those of controls (p < 0.0001). Also, distal latency and CMAP durations were significantly prolonged in saline treated DM group (p < 0.05) compared to control. However, treatment of diabetic rats with OCT significantly counteracted these alterations in EMG. Furthermore, OCT significantly improved the motor performance scores in diabetic rats (p < 0.05). Histomorphometric assessment of the sciatic nerve demonstrated a significant reduction in perineural thickness in OCT treated group compared to saline group. In conclusion, OCT possesses beneficial effects against STZ-induced diabetic neuropathy, which promisingly support the use of OCT as a neuroprotective agent in patients with diabetic neuropathy. (C) 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved