Enlarging Irish hate : the objects and uses of Yeatsian hate

William Butler Yeats was extraordinarily vocal and vigorous in articulating hatred as his poetic passion of preference -- so much so that when he dreamed of his goals as a poet, he "dreamed of enlarging Irish hate". This dissertation examines both the objects and uses of Yeatsian hate. Examination of the objects of Yeatsian hate (e.g., the philosophy of John Locke, Victorian science, the materialism of Huxley and Tyndall) reveals what it was they challenged in the poet's thinking, thus shedding light on those aspects of Yeats's thought he guarded most jealously. Study of the way in which Yeats used his hate to penetrate the uncharted depths of his mind provides a new avenue of insight into the creative process. Because the ultimate value of an inquiry into Yeatsian hate must be measured in terms of the extent to which it contributes to understanding and appreciation of the poetry, the dissertation considers ways in which Yeats's preoccupation with hate illuminates particular poems and poetic themes. Among the matters considered are Yeats's cultivation of Swiftian indignation as a source of poetic knowledge and power, his variations on Blake's theme that sexual love is founded on spiritual hate, Gnostic Ribh's belief that "Hatred of God may bring the soul to God", the message of Yeats's "communicators" that the Beatific Vision "comes from being free of Hatred", and Yeats's prayer for himself and his daughter that, "all hatred driven hence," the soul might recover "radical innocence".An original bound copy of this thesis is available in UCD Library at shelfmark Thesis 2064.Thesis archived at the request of the author on the occasion of the exhibition entitled 'W.B. Yeats and His Muses', University College Dublin Library Special Collections April 2013

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Trends Observed in Urinary Pathogens Obtained From New York State

International guidelines recommend using local susceptibility data to direct empiric therapy for acute uncomplicated cystitis. We evaluated outpatient urinary isolate susceptibility trends in New York State. Nitrofurantoin had the lowest resistance prevalence whereas trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and fluoroquinolones had higher prevalences. This study highlights the need for local outpatient antimicrobial stewardship programs

Dietary Omega Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake and Patient‐Reported Outcomes in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: The Michigan Lupus Epidemiology and Surveillance Program

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/155937/1/acr23925_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/155937/2/acr23925.pd

Maternal LAMP/p55gagHIV-1 DNA Immunization Induces In Utero Priming and a Long-Lasting Immune Response in Vaccinated Neonates

Infants born to HIV-infected mothers are at high risk of becoming infected during gestation or the breastfeeding period. A search is thus warranted for vaccine formulations that will prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission. The LAMP/gag DNA chimeric vaccine encodes the HIV-1 p55gag fused to the lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP-1) and has been shown to enhance anti-Gag antibody (Ab) and cellular immune responses in adult and neonatal mice; such a vaccine represents a new concept in antigen presentation. In this study, we evaluated the effect of LAMP/gag DNA immunization on neonates either before conception or during pregnancy. LAMP/gag immunization of BALB/c mice before conception by the intradermal route led to the transfer of anti-Gag IgG1 Ab through the placenta and via breastfeeding. Furthermore, there were an increased percentage of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T cells in the spleens of neonates. When offspring were immunized with LAMP/gag DNA, the anti-Gag Ab response and the Gag-specific IFN-γ-secreting cells were decreased. Inhibition of anti-Gag Ab production and cellular responses were not observed six months after immunization, indicating that maternal immunization did not interfere with the long-lasting memory response in offspring. Injection of purified IgG in conjunction with LAMP/gag DNA immunization decreased humoral and cytotoxic T-cell responses. LAMP/gag DNA immunization by intradermal injection prior to conception promoted the transfer of Ab, leading to a diminished response to Gag without interfering with the development of anti-Gag T- and B-cell memory. Finally, we assessed responses after one intravenous injection of LAMP/gag DNA during the last five days of pregnancy. The intravenous injection led to in utero immunization. In conclusion, DNA vaccine enconding LAMP-1 with Gag and other HIV-1 antigens should be considered in the development of a protective vaccine for the maternal/fetal and newborn periods

Polymorphic variants of SCN1A and EPHX1 influence plasma carbamazepine concentration, metabolism and pharmacoresistance in a population of Kosovar Albanian epileptic patients

Aim The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of gene variants in key genes influencing pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic of carbamazepine (CBZ) on the response in patients with epilepsy. Materials & Methods Five SNPs in two candidate genes influencing CBZ transport and metabolism, namely ABCB1 or EPHX1, and CBZ response SCN1A (sodium channel) were genotyped in 145 epileptic patients treated with CBZ as monotherapy and 100 age and sex matched healthy controls. Plasma concentrations of CBZ, carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (CBZE) and carbamazepine-10,11-trans dihydrodiol (CBZD) were determined by HPLC-UV-DAD and adjusted for CBZ dosage/kg of body weight. Results The presence of the SCN1A IVS5-91G>A variant allele is associated with increased epilepsy susceptibility. Furthermore, carriers of the SCN1A IVS5-91G>A variant or of EPHX1 c.337T>C variant presented significantly lower levels of plasma CBZ compared to carriers of the common alleles (0.71±0.28 vs 1.11±0.69 μg/mL per mg/Kg for SCN1A IVS5-91 AA vs GG and 0.76±0.16 vs 0.94±0.49 μg/mL per mg/Kg for EPHX1 c.337 CC vs TT; PG showed a reduced microsomal epoxide hydrolase activity as reflected by a significantly decreased ratio of CBZD to CBZ (0.13±0.08 to 0.26±0.17, pT SNP and SCN1A 3148A>G variants were not associated with significant changes in CBZ pharmacokinetic. Patients resistant to CBZ treatment showed increased dosage of CBZ (657±285 vs 489±231 mg/day; P<0.001) but also increased plasma levels of CBZ (9.84±4.37 vs 7.41±3.43 μg/mL; P<0.001) compared to patients responsive to CBZ treatment. CBZ resistance was not related to any of the SNPs investigated. Conclusions The SCN1A IVS5-91G>A SNP is associated with susceptibility to epilepsy. SNPs in EPHX1 gene are influencing CBZ metabolism and disposition. CBZ plasma levels are not an indicator of resistance to the therapy

What Raftery Built

FOR NEARLY HALF a century, readers of Allan Wade’s edition of Yeats’s Letters have thought of Thoor Ballylee as a structure that ‘Raftery built and Scott designed’. ‘Raftery’ was Wade’s transcription of the name of the builder in the early version of ‘To Be Carved On A Stone At Thoor Ballylee’ that Yeats sent to John Quinn on July 23, 1918. According to Wade, Yeats told Quinn that, ‘[o]n a great stone beside the front door will be inscribed these lines’: I, the poet, William Yeats,With common..

What Raftery Built

FOR NEARLY HALF a century, readers of Allan Wade’s edition of Yeats’s Letters have thought of Thoor Ballylee as a structure that ‘Raftery built and Scott designed’. ‘Raftery’ was Wade’s transcription of the name of the builder in the early version of ‘To Be Carved On A Stone At Thoor Ballylee’ that Yeats sent to John Quinn on July 23, 1918. According to Wade, Yeats told Quinn that, ‘[o]n a great stone beside the front door will be inscribed these lines’: I, the poet, William Yeats,With common..