Eksperimental Variasi Kecepatan Putar Screw Feeding dengan Kecepatan Putar PIsau Pengupas terhadap Kualitas Hasil Pengupasan pada Mesin Pengupas Kulit Pinang

The processing of areca nut at the present time is still done manually and requires a long working time. To facilitate the skinner process and optimize the results that required a technology of machine which paring the areca nut skin. The Skinner machine of areca nut at this point still has deficiency. For resolving the problems that exist on the areca nut skinner machine which has type of screw then troubleshoot by varying the rotational speed of the screw feeding toward skinner tool of areca nut. After tested with variations of the rotational speed of the screw feeding to ward skinner tool of areca nut, then obtained the optimal results as much as 6 pieces and other 4 pieces of areca nut already broken on screw feeding speed at 37 rpm and 800 rpm on a skinner tool. The time that required to perform the paring process on this rotational speed is 21.7 seconds. The optimal skinner Results of areca nut increases to 9 pieces after made the casing modification which the efficiency of time is 73.5

Anti-Tumor Action, Clinical Biochemistry Profile and Phytochemical Constituents of a Pharmacologically Active Fraction of <i>S</i>. <i>crispus</i> in NMU-Induced Rat Mammary Tumour Model

<div><p>Cancer patients seek alternative remedies such as traditional medicinal plants for safe and effective treatment and help overcome the side effects of conventional therapy. Current knowledge indicates that extracts of <i>Strobilanthes crispus</i> of the Acanthaceae family exhibit potent anticancer properties <i>in vitro</i> and are non-toxic <i>in vivo</i>. <i>S</i>. <i>crispus</i> was also reported to be protective against chemical hepatocarcinogenesis. We previously showed that a bioactive fraction of <i>S</i>. <i>crispus</i> leaves also synergized with tamoxifen to cause apoptosis of human breast cancer cell lines without damaging non-malignant epithelial cells. The present study aimed to evaluate the antitumor effect of <i>S</i>. <i>crispus</i> dichloromethane fraction (F3) using N-methyl-N-Nitrosourea (NMU)-induced rat mammary tumor model. Tumor regression was observed in 75% of the rats following 8-week oral administration of F3 with no secondary tumour formation and no signs of anemia or infection. However, no improvement in the liver and renal function profiles was observed. Major constituents of F3 were identified as lutein, 13¹-hydroxy-13²-oxo-pheophytin a, campesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, pheophytin a and 13²-hydroxy-pheophytin a. These compounds however, may not significantly contribute to the antitumor effect of F3.</p></div

FBC parameters in normal, untreated and F3-treated animals.

<p>P values were calculated using the Mann-Whitney test for categorical data between normal and F3-treated rats. Results are presented as median values with IQR in brackets.</p><p><i>*</i>p < 0.05 compared to normal rats</p><p>FBC parameters in normal, untreated and F3-treated animals.</p

Chemical structures of compounds isolated from F3.

<p>(1) lutein (2) 13¹-hydroxy-13²-oxo-pheophytin a (3) campesterol (4) stigmasterol (5) β-sitosterol (6) pheophytin a (7) 13²-hydroxy-pheophytin a.</p

Cytotoxic activity of various fractions of <i>S</i>. <i>crispus</i> DCM extract in breast cancer cell lines.

<p>MDA-MB-231 (a) and MCF-7 (b) cells were treated with 100 μg/ml fractions (F1-F5) for 24 and 48 h. Percentage cell death was determined using the LDH assay and 15 μM tamoxifen (Tam) was used as the positive control.</p