Evaluation of preparedness of healthcare student volunteers against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Makkah, Saudi Arabia : a cross-sectional study

Aim: To assess the knowledge and attitude of senior medical, dental, nursing and pharmacy students toward Middle East respiratory syndrome-corona virus (MERS-CoV) in Saudi Arabia. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional survey using a 21-item questionnaire was conducted for a 3-month period from November 2015–January 2016 in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire was designed to evaluate students’ understanding and perception of MERS-CoV. An ANOVA test was used to determine the association of study discipline and academic year with the student knowledge score on MERS. Results: A total of 364 students were assessed during the study. The majority (62%) of the participants were in the 20–22-year age group. More than half (53%) were pharmacy students followed by (22%) medical students. More than two thirds (71%) of the participants were aware that MERS is caused by the coronavirus. More than half (59%) of the participants believed that MERS can be transmitted through direct or indirect contact with infected camels. A statistically significant association was reported between the study discipline and mean knowledge score (p < 0.0001) with medical students achieving an overall better knowledge score compared with students from other study disciplines. Conclusion: Overall, students had good knowledge about MERS epidemiology, transmission and the recommended protective measures. However, students expressed their reluctance to work in healthcare facilities with inadequate MERS infection control isolation policies

The Prevalence of Obesity among School Students and its Relation to Dietary and Physical Habits

BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest that unhealthy food practices and lack of exercise are the main cause of the progressive increase in the obesity prevalence. AIM: We aim to assess the prevalence of obesity among school students and its relationship to dietary and physical habits. METHODS: A cross-sectional study from 18 intermediate and high schools located in Taif, Saudi Arabia, between April 2014 and June 2015. We excluded any student with a psychological disease or chronic diseases. We calculated the body mass index (BMI) of students by measuring their height and weight. Dietary, physical, sleep habits, and socioeconomic status were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 2943 students participated with a mean age of 15.4 ± 1.7 years. The majority of these were boys and attending government schools with a mean BMI 22.7 ± 8.6 kg/m2. Overall, 13.6% were overweight and 12.8% were obese. One-third of students report a sedentary lifestyle. Compared to girls, boys were more likely to have lower BMI (p &lt; 0.001), be overweight (p &lt; 0.001), exercise for &gt;300 min/week (p &lt; 0.001), own electronic devices other than smartphone (p &lt; 0.001), use the electronic devices &lt;3 h/day (p = 0.007), eat their meals with their family (p &lt; 0.001), eat fruits and vegetables daily (p &lt; 0.05), exercise for &gt;300 min/week (p &lt; 0.001), and walk to and from school at least once weekly (p &lt; 0.001). CONCLUSION: A quarter of the students were either overweight or obese. Girls were more likely to be obese with less favorable socioeconomic, media consumption, dietary, and physical profiles

Review: Healthcare Informatics , Nurses And Assistant, And Healthcare Management Responsibilities In Facilitating Obstacles Facing Patients Centred Care

Healthcare systems, organizations, and providers, including healthcare informatics, nurses, assistants, and healthcare administration, face the challenge of arranging patient care within limited resources. In order to effectively implement patient-centred care (PCC), it is necessary to remove any obstacles or hindrances that may arise. Thus far, there has been a dearth of thorough examinations on potential factors influencing patient-centered care (PCC) in diverse health and social care organizations (HSCOs). The findings underscored the patient\u27s uniqueness, cultural beliefs, comprehensive care, the significance of robust healthcare provider-patient connections, and a patient-focused setting. The nursing, administrative, and informatics staff regarded PCC as having a good impact on the quality of nursing care and the job satisfaction of nurses. The findings provide detailed insights into the viewpoints of nurse managers regarding patient-centeredness and identify specific areas that require improvement

Role Of Radiology, Pharmacists And Clinical Laboratory Teams In Patient Post Administration Of Moderate Sedation During Dental Procedures

Procedural sedation and analgesia are now widely accepted as the usual approach for managing pain and anxiety in juvenile dentistry patients who are undergoing diagnostic and therapeutic procedures outside of the operating room. Anxiolysis, a technique that integrates both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic methods, has a substantial impact on procedural sedation. Behavior Management Technology, a non-pharmacologic intervention, can effectively decrease preprocedural agitation, facilitate the transition to sedation, minimize the necessary dosage of sedative medicine, and lower the incidence of adverse events. With the advent of new sedative regimens and techniques in pediatric dentistry, it is important to assess the possible function of established sedatives provided through different routes, for different uses, and using new delivery modalities. This research aims to analyze and deliberate on the present condition of sedation techniques in the field of dentistry, and The role of radiology, pharmacists, and clinical laboratory teams in patient care following the delivery of moderate sedation during dental procedure

Parental and household smoking and the increased risk of bronchitis, bronchiolitis and other lower respiratory infections in infancy: systematic review and meta-analysis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Passive smoke exposure increases the risk of lower respiratory infection (LRI) in infants, but the extensive literature on this association has not been systematically reviewed for nearly ten years. The aim of this paper is to provide an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of the association between passive smoking and LRI, and with diagnostic subcategories including bronchiolitis, in infants aged two years and under.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE (to November 2010), reference lists from publications and abstracts from major conference proceedings to identify all relevant publications. Random effect pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We identified 60 studies suitable for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Smoking by either parent or other household members significantly increased the risk of LRI; odds ratios (OR) were 1.22 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.35) for paternal smoking, 1.62 (95% CI 1.38 to 1.89) if both parents smoked, and 1.54 (95% CI 1.40 to 1.69) for any household member smoking. Pre-natal maternal smoking (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.38) had a weaker effect than post-natal smoking (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.45 to 1.73). The strongest effect was on bronchiolitis, where the risk of any household smoking was increased by an OR of 2.51 (95% CI 1.96 to 3.21).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Passive smoking in the family home is a major influence on the risk of LRI in infants, and especially on bronchiolitis. Risk is particularly strong in relation to post-natal maternal smoking. Strategies to prevent passive smoke exposure in young children are an urgent public and child health priority.</p

International longitudinal registry of patients with atrial fibrillation and treated with rivaroxaban: RIVaroxaban Evaluation in Real life setting (RIVER)

Background Real-world data on non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are essential in determining whether evidence from randomised controlled clinical trials translate into meaningful clinical benefits for patients in everyday practice. RIVER (RIVaroxaban Evaluation in Real life setting) is an ongoing international, prospective registry of patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) and at least one investigator-determined risk factor for stroke who received rivaroxaban as an initial treatment for the prevention of thromboembolic stroke. The aim of this paper is to describe the design of the RIVER registry and baseline characteristics of patients with newly diagnosed NVAF who received rivaroxaban as an initial treatment. Methods and results Between January 2014 and June 2017, RIVER investigators recruited 5072 patients at 309 centres in 17 countries. The aim was to enroll consecutive patients at sites where rivaroxaban was already routinely prescribed for stroke prevention. Each patient is being followed up prospectively for a minimum of 2-years. The registry will capture data on the rate and nature of all thromboembolic events (stroke / systemic embolism), bleeding complications, all-cause mortality and other major cardiovascular events as they occur. Data quality is assured through a combination of remote electronic monitoring and onsite monitoring (including source data verification in 10% of cases). Patients were mostly enrolled by cardiologists (n = 3776, 74.6%), by internal medicine specialists 14.2% (n = 718) and by primary care/general practice physicians 8.2% (n = 417). The mean (SD) age of the population was 69.5 (11.0) years, 44.3% were women. Mean (SD) CHADS2 score was 1.9 (1.2) and CHA2DS2-VASc scores was 3.2 (1.6). Almost all patients (98.5%) were prescribed with once daily dose of rivaroxaban, most commonly 20 mg (76.5%) and 15 mg (20.0%) as their initial treatment; 17.9% of patients received concomitant antiplatelet therapy. Most patients enrolled in RIVER met the recommended threshold for AC therapy (86.6% for 2012 ESC Guidelines, and 79.8% of patients according to 2016 ESC Guidelines). Conclusions The RIVER prospective registry will expand our knowledge of how rivaroxaban is prescribed in everyday practice and whether evidence from clinical trials can be translated to the broader cross-section of patients in the real world

The impact of implementing the health transformation strategy on servic delivery from employee’s point of view

The study aimed to assess the impact of the health transformation strategy on the provision of healthcare services from the perspective of employees in the Kingdom. The descriptive and analytical methodology was used, along with a questionnaire, to collect data from administrative staff in hospitals and healthcare centers. After analyzing the data, the study found that there is a high level of health transformation in the Kingdom across its three dimensions, and there is also a high level of healthcare service provision. The study also found a statistically significant positive correlation between the level of health transformation across its three dimensions and the level of healthcare service provision in the Kingdom. Important findings from the study include the need to improve the level of healthcare staff and provide a supportive and stimulating environment for their work, as well as improving communication with beneficiaries of healthcare services. The study recommended maintaining the Kingdom's excellent level of healthcare services by providing all the necessary resources and requirements to achieve the goals of Vision 2030

Paediatric hospitalisation related to medications administration errors of non-opioid analgesics, antipyretics and antirheumatics in England and Wales: a longitudinal ecological study

Objective This study aimed to explore paediatric hospitalisation related to medication administration errors (MAEs) of non-opioid analgesics, antipyretics and antirheumatics in England and Wales.Design An ecological study.Setting A population-based study on hospitalised patients in England and Wales. Hospital admission data were extracted from the Hospital Episode Statistics database in England and the Patient Episode Database for Wales for the period between April 1999 and April 2020. Admissions cause was confirmed using the diagnostic codes T39.0–T39.9.Participants Paediatric patients aged 15 years and below who were hospitalised at all National Health Service (NHS) trusts and any independent sector funded by NHS trusts.Primary outcome measure Hospitalisation rates related to MAEs of non-opioid analgesics, antipyretics and antirheumatics.Results The yearly number of admissions for MAEs associated with non-opioid analgesics, antipyretics and antirheumatics experienced a notable growth of 21.7% over the span of two decades, rising from 4574 cases in 1999 to 5568 cases in 2020. The observed increase demonstrates a significant upward trend in hospital admissions rate, with a 12.3% growth from 46.16 per 100 000 individuals in 1999 to 51.83 per 100 000 individuals in 2020 (95% CIs 44.83 to 47.50 and 50.47 to53.19, respectively, trend test, p&lt;0.05). The therapeutic categories that exhibited the highest frequency of MAEs were ‘4-aminophenol derivatives’ and ‘other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs’, accounting for 79.3% and 16.0% of cases, respectively. It is worth noting that there was a significant increase of 28.9% in hospitalisations linked to MAEs specifically associated with ‘4-aminophenol derivatives.’Conclusion The research revealed a notable rise in the overall yearly number of hospital admissions associated with MAEs within the paediatric population. This study emphasises the necessity for additional research aimed at mitigating the potential hazards associated with the ingestion of these medications, particularly within susceptible demographics, such as young children

The impact of implementing the health transformation strategy on health services delivery from employee’s point of view

The study aimed to assess the impact of the health transformation strategy on the provision of healthcare services from the perspective of employees in the Kingdom. The descriptive and analytical methodology was used, along with a questionnaire, to collect data from administrative staff in hospitals and healthcare centers. After analyzing the data, the study found that there is a high level of health transformation in the Kingdom across its three dimensions, and there is also a high level of healthcare service provision. The study also found a statistically significant positive correlation between the level of health transformation across its three dimensions and the level of healthcare service provision in the Kingdom. Important findings from the study include the need to improve the level of healthcare staff and provide a supportive and stimulating environment for their work, as well as improving communication with beneficiaries of healthcare services. The study recommended maintaining the Kingdom's excellent level of healthcare services by providing all the necessary resources and requirements to achieve the goals of Vision 2030

Bilateral Cryptorchidism, a rare presentation for persistent Müllerian duct syndrome

Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS) is a rare, sex-limited, autosomal recessive disorder representing male pseudo-hermaphroditism. It is observed in males with the presence of female reproductive organs such as the uterus, cervix, and bilateral fallopian tubes along with normally developed male reproductive organs. It generally occurs during embryogenesis due to mutation in anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) gene, i.e., AMH gene or AMH receptor (AMHR2) gene. The present case reports a male infant with inflammation in the right groin who was admitted to Security Forces Hospital in 2015. During surgery, his testis was pulled down to the scrotum in the normal anatomical position, but full orchidopexy was not performed due to fragile capsule and edematous area. After a year, a right orchidopexy was performed. During left testis laparoscopic exploration, a small left intra-abdominal gonad in a position similar to the ovary, Müllerian structures in the form of a small uterus and vagina in the midline were observed. Biopsy of left gonad showed immature testicular tissues. The MRI findings of the pelvis showed normal male urethra with the presence of a vagina and small uterus, but no definite ovaries or testicle. Based on the clinical, laboratory, imaging, and primarily operative findings, the boy was diagnosed with PMDS. This was confirmed using genetic testing, which revealed biallelic mutations in the AMHR2 gene. The patient is currently under clinical observation to decide further management of PMDS through left testis orchidopexy, either with or without surgical excision of persistent Müllerian duct structures. The key message, which needs to be spread from this case report, is that the infant with bilateral undescended testes or inguinal hernia on one side and cryptorchidism on the other side should be thoroughly investigated to exclude any underlying disorder of sex development (DSD) before any further intervention