Synthesis and Spectral Analysis of Some Metal Ions Complexes with Mixed Ligands of Schiff Base and 1, 10-Phenanthroline

The free Schiff base ligand (HL1) is prepared by being mixed with the co-ligand 1, 10-phenanthroline (L2). The product then is reacted with metal ions: (Cr+3, Fe+3, Co+2, Ni+2, Cu+2 and Cd+2) to get new metal ion complexes. The ligand is prepared and its metal ion complexes are characterized by physic-chemical spectroscopic techniques such as: FT-IR, UV-Vis, spectra, mass spectrometer, molar conductivity, magnetic moment, metal content, chloride content and microanalysis (C.H.N) techniques. The results show the formation of the free Schiff base ligand (HL1). The fragments of the prepared free Schiff base ligand are identified by the mass spectrometer technique. All the analysis of ligand and its metal complexes are in good agreement with the theoretical values indicating the purity of Schiff base ligand and the metal complexes. From the above data, the molecular structures for all the metal complexes are proposed to be octahedra

Incidence of orbital, conjunctival and lacrimal gland malignant tumors in USA from Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results, 1973-2009

AIM: To determine the types and incidence of tumors affecting the orbit, conjunctiva and lacrimal glands and to study the trend line of these tumors in the United States from 1973 to 2009. METHODS: We used the publicly available Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database registries to determine the incidence rates. Age was adjusted to the 2000 US Standard Population. Patients were stratified according to age group, gender, race and histological grouping of tumor lesions. Three age groups were defined: 0-19, 20-49 and ≥50y. Annual percentage changes were calculated to examine trends. RESULTS: The overall age adjusted incidence rate was 3.39 (95%CI: 3.27-3.52) per million person-years. The tumors were more prevalent in age group ≥50 counting 9.51 (95%CI: 9.11-9.92) per million person-years. Most of the soft tissue sarcomas occurred in the young age with incidence rate of 0.35 (95%CI: 0.28-0.42) per million person-years. Lymphomas were the dominant subtype in the adult population with incidence rate of 5.74 (95%CI: 5.43-6.06) per million person-years. Incidence rates were higher in males than females with an overall rate ratio of 1.31 (95%CI: 1.21-1.41) mainly caused by the increase in carcinoma subtypes. White race had a higher tumor incidence with a rate ratio of 1.47(95%CI: 1.25-1.73) driven by the higher incidence of most histological subtypes. Orbital tumors showed a higher incidence rate followed by conjunctival and lacrimal gland tumors with incidence rates of 1.59, 1.37 and 0.43 per million person-years respectively. The trend line of overall incidence of tumors showed a significant increase (APC=3.11, 95%CI: 2.61-3.61) mainly due to increase of lymphomas. This increase was higher than the increase of lymphomas at other sites. CONCLUSION: Orbital, conjunctival and lacrimal gland malignant tumors differ among children and adults. Over the years there has been a noticeable increase in incidence rates of orbital and lacrimal gland tumors mainly caused by an increase in lymphomas and an apparent increase due to advances in diagnostic techniques. ICD-O-3 topographical coding should be improved to consider the different orbital bones and ocular structures

Wound Healing Activity of Brown Algae plus Polyherbal Extract in Normal and Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats

The aim of the present study was to assess the wound healing efficacy of the experimental medicinal extract mixture (EMEM) composed of brown algae, Cystoseira trinodis, plus three medicinal plants (garlic, liquorice and ginger). The extract was applied on induced excised wounds in rats, either healthy or induced hyperglycemia by alloxan. Healing activity was evaluated for up to 21 days after wounding in terms of decrease in surface area of wound, percentage of wound closure and tissue regeneration using digital planimetry analysis and histopathological examination. The study revealed that topical application of the extract improved and enhanced the healing process in diabetic rat model when compared with diabetic non-treated rats. The extract promoted wound contraction, reduced the wound closure time and induced proliferation of fibroblast as well as angiogenesis and re-epithelialization

Effect of type of mixing water and sand on the physico–mechanical properties of magnesia cement masonry units

AbstractThis study has been conducted to investigate the influences of sand addition and mixing waters with different ratios on the physico-mechanical properties of magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) masonry units. Three mixtures (M, MI and MII) were prepared to make magnesium oxychloride cement from the sand dunes as a filler material with some different additives. The mixture (M) was prepared by seawater instead of tap water in the mixing process, other mixtures (MI & MII) used drinking water. The physico-mechanical properties were studied in means of determination of bulk density, water absorption and compressive strength of the hardened MOC specimens cured in air at the lab ambient conditions for 3, 7, and 28days. It was recognized that the compressive strengths decreased with the increase of sand dunes content. The specimens of the all cured mixtures fulfilled superior properties compared with the required limits for concrete and limestone masonry units of a heavy density type. Also, it was found that using of the seawater leads to increase the physico-mechanical properties of the MOC specimens and can be used as mixing water in the manufacture of masonry units instead of the traditional drink water after ensuring of the other demanded governing properties

The Risks of Renal Angiomyolipoma: Reviewing the Evidence

Renal angiomyolipoma (RAML), though a rare benign tumor, may impose a significant morbidity or even mortality due to its unique characteristics and the complications subsequent to its treatment. The classic tumor variant is composed of smooth muscular, vascular, and fatty components. The most straightforward diagnosis is when the fat component is abundant and gives a characteristic appearance on different imaging studies. In fat-poor lesions, however, the diagnosis is difficult and presumed a renal cell carcinoma. Yet, some variants of RAML, though rare, express an aggressive behavior leading to metastasis and mortality. The challenge lies in the early detection of benign variants and identifying aggressive lesions for proper management. Another challenge is when the vascular tissue component predominates and poses a risk of hemorrhage that may extend to the retroperitoneum in a massive life-threatening condition. The predicament here is to identify the characteristics of tumors at risk of bleeding and provide a prophylactic treatment. According to the clinical presentation, different treatment modalities, prophylactic or therapeutic, are available that span the spectrum of observation, embolization, or surgery. Renal impairment may result from extensive tumor burden or as a complication of the management itself. Improvement of diagnostic techniques, super-selective embolization, nephron-sparing surgery, and late treatment with the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors have provided more effective and safe management strategies. In this review, we examine the evidence pertaining to the risks imposed by RAML to the patients and identify merits and hazards associated with different treatment modalities

Neuroregeneration of injured peripheral nerve by fraction B of catfish epidermal secretions through the reversal of the apoptotic pathway and DNA damage

Introduction: Crush injuries occur from acute traumatic nerve compression resulting in different degrees of neural damage leading to permanent functional deficits. Recently, we have shown that administration of Fraction B (FB) derived from catfish epidermal secretions accelerates healing of damaged nerve in a sciatic nerve crush injury, as it ameliorates the neurobehavioral deficits and enhances axonal regeneration, as well as protects spinal neurons and increases astrocytic activity and decreasing GAP-43 expression. The present study aimed to investigate the role of FB treatment on the apoptotic pathway in the neuroregeneration of the sciatic nerve crush injury.Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into five groups: (I) SHAM, (II) CRUSH, (III) CRUSH + (1.5 mg/kg) FB, (IV) CRUSH + (3 mg/kg) FB, and (V) CRUSH + (4.5 mg/kg) FB. Rats underwent sciatic nerve crush surgery, followed by treatment with FB administered intraperitoneally (IP) daily for two weeks and then sacrificed at the end of the fourth week.Results: FB improved the recovery of neurobehavioral functions with a concomitant increase in axonal regeneration and neuroprotective effects on spinal cord neurons following crush injury. Further, FB enhanced Schwann cells (SCs) proliferation with a significant increase in myelin basic protein expression. FB-treated animals demonstrated higher numbers of neurons in the spinal cord, possibly through ameliorating oxidative DNA damage and alleviating the mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway by inhibiting the release of cytochrome c and the activation of caspase-3 in the spinal cord neurons.Conclusion: FB alleviates the neurodegenerative changes in the lumbar spinal cord neurons and recovers the decrease in the neuronal count through its anti-apoptotic and DNA antioxidative properties

Acaricidal activity of Foeniculum vulgare against Rhipicephalus annulatus is mainly dependent on its constituent from trans-anethone

Globally, the economic losses due to hard ticks infestation and the control of the associated diseases have been calculated at USD $13.9-18.7 billion per year. The economic impact is related to its direct damage to the skins, blood loss, anemia, severe immunological reactions and indirect losses that related to the effects of hemoparasites, cost of treatment for clinical cases and expenses incurred in the control of ticks. The current study evaluated the acaricidal activities of fennel Foeniculum vulgare essential oil and its main components; trans-anethole and fenchone; against R. annulatus. GC-MS analysis revealed that this oil contained 16 components representing 99.9% of the total identified compounds with E-anethole being the predominant component(64.29%), followed by fenchone (9.94%). The fennel oil and trans-anethole showed significant acaricidal activities. The LC50 of the fennel oil was attained at concentrations of 12.96% for adult ticks and 1.75% for tick larvae meanwhile the LC50 of trans-anethole was reached at concentrations of 2.36% for adult tick and 0.56% for tick larvae. On the contrary, fenchone showed no any significant adulticidal activities and its LC50 attained at a concentration of 9.11% for tick larvae. Regarding repellence activities, trans-anethole achieved 100% repellency at the concentration of 10% while fennel showed 86% repellency at the same concentration. Fenchone showed no repellency effect. Treatment of larvae with fennel, trans-anethole, and fenchone LC50 concentrations significantly inhibited the acetylcholinesterase activity. Meanwhile, glutathione s-transferase activity was significantly decreased in fennel treated larvae but no significant effect was found in the larvae of trans-anethole and fenchone groups. These results indicate that the acaricide effect of fennel oil may attributed to its high content of trans-anethole. This was supported by potent adulticidal, larvicidal, and repellency effects of trans-anethole against Rhipeciphalus annulatus tick and therefore it could be included in the list of acaricide of plant origin

Immunomodulatory effect of Premna odorata volatile oils in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB pathway

Introduction: The development of multi drug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) TB, increased the interest in the usage of medicinal plants that are complementary to antibiotics to improve anti-TB efficacy. The present study aimed to confirm the anti-TB efficacy of volatile oils (VOs) isolated from different parts of Premna odorata in vivo, and moreover, to test the possible involvement of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in its anti-TB efficacy. Methods: Thirty mice were divided into six equal groups. Group 1: healthy mice (negative control). Groups 2-6 were injected intravenously with a positive TB solution of purified MeDiPro Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) antigen for 7 days to induce tuberculosis. Group 3-6: TB-injected mice treated respectively with leaves VO (300 μL/d), young stems VO (300 μL/d), flowers VO and a combination of the three essential VOs (1:1:1). Various immunologic factors and antioxidant activity were evaluated and compared in the groups. Results: TB-infected mice showed a significant increase in the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL) 1-β and the mRNA expression levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) & nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and a decrease in IL-10 & total antioxidant capacity (TAC). While pretreatment with VOs extracted from leaves, flowers, young stems and a combination of the three oils reversed these effects. Conclusion: The immunomodulatory effects of VOs extracted from different parts of P. odorata against TB infection involve the TLR-4/NFκB signaling pathway as well as, antioxidant effects, recommending that the use of this plant may help TB infected patients