Komitmen Pegawai Kanan Perkhidmatan Kastam Terhadap Organisasi.

Penyelidikan yang dijalankan ini bertujuan mengetahui:( 1 ) aras komitlmen pegawai kanan Skim Perkhidmatan Penguasa Kastam (SPPK) terhadap Jabatan Kastam dan Eksais Diraja (JKE ) di Semenanjung Malaysia,(2)perkaitan antara faktor-faktor terpilih dengan komitmen pegawai terhadap organisasi JKED dan( 3 )sumbangan faktor-fa ktor terpilih kepada komitmen pegawai. Seramai 195 orang pegawai kanan SPPK yang terdiri daripada Penolong Kanan Pengarah Kastam (PKPK , Penolong Pengarah Kastam ( PPK) dan Penguasa kastam ( PaK) dipilih sebagai responden dengan menggunakan kaedah persampelan rawak. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan borang soal selidik yang dipenuhi oleh responden sendiri. Data ini telah dianalisis dengan menggunakan program Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS PC +). Analisis taburan peratusan dan min,analisis varians, korelasi produk- momen Pearson dan regresi berganda mudah telah digunakan untuk menganalisis data

Effect of market orientation, learning orientation and entrepreneurial orientation on sme's performance in the Pakistan context

This study aims to investigate the effect of Market Orientation (MO), Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO), Learning Orientation (LO) and Performance (P). The study was greatly motivated by the inconsistent findings and the gaps indicated in the contemporary literature regarding those relationships. First there were contradictory findings between EO and Performance, MO and Performance and LO and Performance relationships. Second, the three strategies; MO, EO and LO were not investigated together within the context of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Data were collected from SMEs operating in the Punjab Province, Pakistan. By using questionnaire survey, and a random sampling was used for sample selection. 380 questionnaires were distributed to SME owner/managers but only 330 of them were returned, giving a response rate of 83 percent. Only 318 useable questionnaires were used for further analysis. The findings revealed that EO, MO and LO were significantly related to performance. The findings of this study provided significant insights for both managers and researchers to further understand the effects of implemented strategies on performance. Finally, limitations of study and necessary recommendations for future research were discussed

Charged Scalar Pair Production in Strong-Field Photon-Photon Interaction

Following the pioneering work of H. Reiss [1], we provide a covariant calculation of the charged scalar particle pair production. The calculation is facilitated by the use of two-dimensional Bessel functions and light-font coordinates.Comment: 8 page

Database independent Migration of Objects into an Object-Relational Database

This paper reports on the CERN-based WISDOM project which is studying the serialisation and deserialisation of data to/from an object database (objectivity) and ORACLE 9i.Comment: 26 pages, 18 figures; CMS CERN Conference Report cr02_01

Economic Freedom, Exchange Rates Stability and FDI in South Asia.

This study empirically examines the role of economic freedom, market size and exchange rates in attracting foreign direct investment in south Asian countries for the period 1995-2008 by employing panel data analysis in fixed effect setting. Results clearly indicate the presence of significant positive relationship between economic freedom and FDI inflows in South Asian countries during the period of study. The real effective exchange rate was having negative association with it indicating that depreciation in host country currency negatively influences the inflow of FDI to that country. Therefore, monetary policy should focus on providing stability to currencies of host countries. The model explains approximately 90 percent of total variation in FDI. The paper concludes that South Asian countries should make concerted efforts in devising polices that improve level of economic freedom. In other words, they should provide more investment friendly climate, trade openness, efficient monetary and fiscal policies and freedom from corruption. This can help to attract more foreign direct investment in the South Asian countries

AN APPROPRIATE INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO FOR STOCK MARKET INVESTORS: EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN

The study is based on two main objectives. First, it aims to identify a portfolio of stocks as the most appropriate investment portfolio (AIP) for investors, specifically in the context of Pakistan. Second, this research intends to identify the characteristics of the portfolio which forms AIP. For this purpose, the researcher has formed sixteen time series portfolios, using Fama and French five factor model (2015). Beside marker factor, four risk factors have been constructed which include SMB, HML, RMW, and CMA. The results show that five portfolios which are BHRA, BLRA, BLRC, BHRC, and SHRA are appropriate investment portfolios for investors in Pakistan. Amongst these portfolios, BHRA earns highest monthly average returns of 1.17% having standard deviation of 9.13%, followed by BLRA with average monthly returns of 1.05% with standard deviation of 7.59%.  The average return of BHRA is 11.4% higher than BLRA, whereas standard deviation of BHRA is almost 20% larger than the standard deviation of BLRA. Both, the average per month return and risk of BHRA are highest amongst all higher returns portfolios. Contrarily, the excess return of BLRA is not considerably low from BHRA but the incremental risk per unit return of BHRA is almost double of BLRA. Therefore, amongst all five appropriate portfolios, BLRA is justifiably the most appropriate investment portfolio which has the highest adjusted R-square of 77.106 %, the highest average returns of 1.053 % per month, and minimum risk of 7.5%.  The results, therefore, suggests all investors to include big, low book/market, robust profitable, and aggressive investment stocks in their portfolios to earn above average returns with minimum risk

AN APPROPRIATE INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO FOR STOCK MARKET INVESTORS: EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN

The study is based on two main objectives. First, it aims to identify a portfolio of stocks as the most appropriate investment portfolio (AIP) for investors, specifically in the context of Pakistan. Second, this research intends to identify the characteristics of the portfolio which forms AIP. For this purpose, the researcher has formed sixteen time series portfolios, using Fama and French five factor model (2015). Beside marker factor, four risk factors have been constructed which include SMB, HML, RMW, and CMA. The results show that five portfolios which are BHRA, BLRA, BLRC, BHRC, and SHRA are appropriate investment portfolios for investors in Pakistan. Amongst these portfolios, BHRA earns highest monthly average returns of 1.17% having standard deviation of 9.13%, followed by BLRA with average monthly returns of 1.05% with standard deviation of 7.59%.  The average return of BHRA is 11.4% higher than BLRA, whereas standard deviation of BHRA is almost 20% larger than the standard deviation of BLRA. Both, the average per month return and risk of BHRA are highest amongst all higher returns portfolios. Contrarily, the excess return of BLRA is not considerably low from BHRA but the incremental risk per unit return of BHRA is almost double of BLRA. Therefore, amongst all five appropriate portfolios, BLRA is justifiably the most appropriate investment portfolio which has the highest adjusted R-square of 77.106 %, the highest average returns of 1.053 % per month, and minimum risk of 7.5%.  The results, therefore, suggests all investors to include big, low book/market, robust profitable, and aggressive investment stocks in their portfolios to earn above average returns with minimum risk