A Detailed Cutaneous Manifestations Evaluation in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Background and Aim: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. The hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis dysregulates in PCOS, ultimately leading to hyperandrogenisms. Consequently, it is associated with hirsutism, dyslipidemia, obesity, infertility, menstrual disturbance, and insulin resistance. To our knowledge, there is no detailed investigation of these manifestations. That is why, this study aimed to evaluate manifestations of hyperandrogenism, hirsutism in particular. Methods: This study was performed on 39 women with an initial diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome. Rotterdam criteria including Oligo- or anovulation, hyperandrogenism clinical and/or biochemical signs, and ultrasound appearance of polycystic ovaries used as diagnostic criteria. Hirsutism scoring was carried out according to Freeman-Gallwey’s definition of hirsutism. The patients were analyzed for other skin problems including male pattern baldness, acanthosis nigricans, and acne as well as demographic features. Results: Hirsutism was observed in the majority of our patients (91%) ranging from mild to severe. Concerning the distribution of hirsutism on various parts of the body, severe hirsutism was observed more on the groin, abdominal area, and chin respectively. Male pattern baldness, acanthosis nigricans, and acne, and dysregulated menstruation were reported in these patients. Conclusion: This investigation found that skin manifestations, especially hirsutism, are highly frequent in patients with PCOS. *Corresponding Author: Hashem Nayeri; Email: [email protected]; [email protected] Please cite this article as: Masaeli A, Nayeri H, Mirzaei M. A Detailed Cutaneous Manifestations Evaluation in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Arch Med Lab Sci. 2021;7:1-6 (e10). https://doi.org/10.22037/amls.v7.3082

Association of BsmI variant of vitamin D receptor gene with polycystic ovary syndrome: A case-control study

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder that affects women’s fertility and causes alterations such as obesity, insulin resistance, menstrual irregularities, and polycystic ovaries. The results of the studies show that the issue of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor (VDR) is controversial for PCOS susceptibility. Objective: To investigate the association of BsmI polymorphism in the VDR gene with metabolic parameters in obese PCOS women. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 38 obese subjects with PCOS and 40 unrelated obese individuals were evaluated to determine the allelic and genotypic frequency of BsmI variant by Polymerase Chain Reaction Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism method. Body Mass Index, parathyroid hormone, phosphorus, and calcium were evaluated in all participants. Results: BsmI (rs1544410), (A/G) AA, AG, GG, A, and G percentage of genotypic/allelic frequencies were 65.8, 26.3, 7.9, 78.9, and 21.1 in cases and 57.5, 40, 2.5, 77.5, and 22.5 in controls, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed that the differences in genotypic (p = 0.31)/allelic (p = 0.83) frequencies and dominant (p = 0.45)/recessive (p = 0.35) models between the cases and controls were not significant. This study indicates no association between the BsmI genotypes and metabolic parameters. Conclusion: It can be concluded that VDR BsmI (rs1544410) Intron 8 (A > G) was not associated with obesity along with PCOS susceptibility in the studied groups. Key words: Vitamin D receptor, Polycystic ovary syndrome, Genetic association study

The effect of some flavonoids on paraoxonase-1 activity

زمینه و هدف: پاراکسوناز-1 آنزیم وابسته به کلسیم می باشد که با HDL باند می گردد و با داشتن قابلیت جلوگیری از اکسیداسیون LDL نقش مهمی در پیشگیری از اترواسکلروزیس ایفا می کند. به نظر می رسد که آنتی اکسیدان های مختلف مثل فلاونوئیدها بر میزان فعالیت آنزیم پاراکسوناز موثر می باشند. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی اثر برخی از فلاونوئیدها بر میزان فعالیت سرمی آنزیم پاراکسوناز انجام شده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی، ابتدا تعداد 45 عدد موش صحرایی از نژاد ویستار به 9 گروه 5 تایی تقسیم شدند. به گروه 1 به عنوان گروه های شاهد روزانه 1 میلی لیتر محلول آب و اتانول 25 داده شد. به گروه های 2 تا 5 مقدار 5/7 میلی گرم و گروه های 6 تا 9 مقدار 15 میلی گرم از یکی از فلاونوییدهای کوئرستین، میریستین، گالانژین و کامپفرول به ازای هر کیلوگرم وزن بدن به علاوه 1 میلی لیتر اتانول 25 خورانده شد. میانگین تغییرات فعالیت آنزیم بین گروه ها در اثر مداخلات انجام شده در بین گروه ها مقایسه گردید. یافته ها: تفاوت میانگین تغییرات فعالیت آنزیم PON-1 قبل و بعد از تیمار بین همه گروه ها در هر دو دوز 5/7 و 15 میلی گرم به ازای کیلوگرم وزن بدن معنی دار بود (

Effect of CRP on Some of the in vitro Physicochemical Properties of LDL

Abstract &nbsp;&nbsp; BACKGROUND: Atherosclerosis is the most important underlying cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) which recently has been classified as an inflammatory disorder. Accumulation of large amounts of oxidized LDL in the intima during local inflammation reaction led to increase several factors such as C -reactive protein (CRP). It has also been reported that CRP is able to bind with modified forms of LDL as well as oxidized LDL. These findings suggest possible positive or negative involvement of this protein in atherogenesis. The main objective of the present study was to assess the influence of CRP on LDL oxidation and the possible physical \changes of LDL in the presence of CRP in vitro. &nbsp;&nbsp; METHODS: In this study, the susceptibility of purified LDL to oxidation was assayed by monitoring of formation of conjugated dienes in different physiological concentrations of CRP (0 - 0.5 -2&nbsp; &micro;g/ml) using a shimadzu spectrophotometer. Electrophoresis was used to determine the electrophoretic mobility of LDL in those conditions. &nbsp;&nbsp; RESULTS: CRP significantly reduced the susceptibility of Cu++ -induced LDL oxidation through increasing the lag timeand there was positive relationship between these findings and CRP concentration (P &lt; 0.05). CRP caused a significant reduction in the electrophotretic mobility of LDL compared to native LDL (n-LDL) (P&lt;0.05).&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; CONCLUSION: A considerable reduction was shown in LDL oxidation, in higher concentration of CRP, via an unknown mechanism. The electrophoretic mobility of LDL, in the oxidative condition, decreases in the presence of CRP compared to n-LDL, which can be indicative of the effect of this protein on the physical and chemical properties of LDL. It seems that, other pathway than LDL oxidation is responsible for the effect of CRP on the atherogenesis processes. &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; Keywords: Atherosclerosis, Creactive protein, Low-density lipoprotein, Inflammation. &nbsp;</p

Evaluation of multiple-scoring system for non-alcoholic fatty liver patients based on CK18 levels, lipid profile and liver enzymes

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common liver disease is usually associated with conditions such as steatosis, steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. Liver biopsy, which is the reference, gold standard and invasive method for the diagnosis of the disease may have complications. Scoring systems are among the noninvasive diagnostic methods. Numerous noninvasive scoring systems based on routinely measured clinical and laboratory parameters were provided that identifies the steatosis and advanced fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. In this study, several scoring system in patients with NAFLD were evaluated. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was carried out on sonographically established NAFLD (n=51) patients and healthy individuals (n=30). Anthropometric factors, biochemical tests and CK-18 fragment levels were evaluated. Then the scores for hepatic steatosis index, fatty liver index, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to platelets ratio index (APRI) were calculated. In addition, the BARD and (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) scores were calculated. Results: In this study, as expected, except for FIB-4, there was no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions: Scoring systems examined in this study can help to predict the presence or absence of fibrosis and NAFLD or NASH

Isolation, identification and optimization of alkaline protease production by Candida viswanathii

Background and objectives: Protease are the most important industrial enzymes. The %60 of industrial enzymes sale belongs to proteases. Alkaline proteases have many applications in industry. The main purposes of this study was isolation and identification of alkaline protease producer yeasts and investigation of different conditions effects on producers enzyme production isolation. Method and material: The wastewater samples of several food manufacturies in Isfahan were collected. For screening of the best alkaline protease the enzyme assay, Lowry method was performed, and the effects of different culture conditions on the production of alkaline proteases were determined. The DNA extraction and PCR were performed. Results: Among the isolates strains, Candida viswanathii was selected for further processing. The maximum production of enzyme was obtained in a culture medium containing %0.5 NaNO3, initial pH 8.0 and aeration speed of 200 rpm after 72 hours incubation at 30 °C. Conclusion: Due to the high demand for industrial enzymes in the Country and the high activity of alkaline proteases produced by strain. It seems that the native strain can achieve high production of alkaline proteases.These native strains could be resulted in the independence of our country in industrial enzymes production

A Study on Effect of different culture media on amylase enzyme production by a native strain of Bacillus subtilis

Introduction: Amylases are among the most important enzymes and have great significance in present-day biotechnology. Amylase with commercial applications is mainly derived from the genus Bacillus. The main purpose of this study is identification and isolatation amylase enzyme producer Bacillus, determining the amylase enzyme activity and affecting a number of culture medium on amylase enzyme production. Materials and methods: Soil, water and wastewater samples were collected from agricultural area, choghakhor lake in chahar mahal e bakhtiari province and from food factory in Esfahan. Bacillus isolates were screened for amylolytic properties by starch hydrolysis test on starch agar plate. Amylase producing Bacillus were identified biochemical tests and molecular experiments. Amylase enzyme activity of isolates was measured using di-nitro salicylic acid (DNS) method. Enzyme production was studied in variose medium culture TSB, NB, Yeast extract, molases and milk medium. Results: The enzyme amylase-producing strains, one sample showed was the highest amylase activity. The Bacillus has been detected as a member of Bacillus subtilis according to Bergey&#39;s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology and molecular recognition. The enzyme activity of Bacillus subtilis was measured 7/21 (U/ml) in production media. Trough medium culture maximum amylase production for Bacillus subtilis was achieved in molases medium. Discussion and conclusion: In this study, Bacillus subtilis strains isolated from wastewater of a significant amount of enzyme producing 7/21 (U/ml) as indicated. Among the medium-amylase from Bacillus subtilis highest enzyme activity was observed in beet molasses. According to this study, the use of Bacillus strains is an efficient way to achieve the amylase enzyme

Screening of Alkaline Protease-Producing Streptomyces diastaticus and Optimization of Enzyme Production

Background and Aim: Alkaline proteases are used in pharmaceutical, film and photography, silk production and food, leather and detergent industries. Actinomycetes are gram positive bacteria that produce different enzymes such as proteases. The aims of this research were isolation of native alkaline protease-producing Actinomycete spp. from different soil samples as well as optimizing the conditions for enzyme production. Materials and Methods: The different soil samples were collected from different locations of the provinces of Khouzestan, Chahar Mahalo Bakhtiari and Isfahan, Iran. After determining of the best alkaline protease producing species using Lowry method, the optimization of alkaline protease was performed. Results: The alkaline protease producing Actinomycete spp. was isolated from soil. The most enzyme activity was measured in S.diastaticus. The best concentration of sucrose as the carbon source for the highest production of alkaline protease was 10 g/l. The optimum pH and temperature for the alkaline protease production by S. diastaticus were 10 and 30&deg;C respectively. The maximum activity of alkaline protease was measured at 200 rpm as the best aeration speed. Conclusions: This is the first report of alkaline protease production by Streptomyces diastaticus in Iran. The accomplished examinations in this research confirmed the previous theories of alkaline protease production by Actinomycetes relatively. Regarding the immense applications of alkaline proteases in several industries and isolation of a native alkaline protease producing Actinomycete, The production potential of this enzyme in our country could be accessible in the near future