Constructed Wetland as an Endeavour to Protect the Environment: Study of Takhrij and Syarah Hadith

This study purpose to discuss the hadith about the Contrusted Wetland. This study uses a qualitative approach by applying the descriptive-analytical method. The formal object of this research is the science of hadith, while the material object is the hadith about the Construsted Wetland in the riwayah of Darimi No. 651. The results and discussion of this study indicate that the status of quality hadith hasan li ghairihi that meets the qualifications of maqbul ma'mul bih for practicing Islam. This study concludes that the Hadith of Darimi No. 651 is relevant to be used as inspiration for the development of the Construsted Wetland in the form of inclusive, human-centered technology

Friendship in the Momentum of Eid Al-Fitr as an Effort to Build Harmony: A Study of Takhrij and Syarah Hadith

This study aims to discuss the hadith about friendship in the momentum of Eid al-Fitr as an effort to build harmony. This research uses qualitative types through literature studies. The formal object of this research is the science of hadith, while the material object is the hadith about friendship in the narration of Saheeh Bukhari No. 5332. The results and discussion of this study show that the status of hadith of shahih quality meets the qualifications of maqbul ma'mul bih for the practice of Islam. This study concludes that the hadith narrated by Imam Bukhari No.5332 is relevant to be used as inspiration in reconnecting relationships that had been severed to be re-established, even not only limited to visiting each other or and limited to repaying each other's kindness but also building harmony and warmth with each other

“Manṭiqat al-Firāq”; A Shīʽī Economic Theory

“Manṭiqat al-Firāq”, a Shiite economic theory, points to an area in religion without a biding legal statement. This theory was presented by S.M.B. al-Ṣadr in his book Our Economy. According to the theory, religion has allowed the Islamic ruler to lay down rules and regulations in certain social matters, taking into account the rules and according to the needs of time. In his book, Ṣadr divides the economic school of Islam into two parts: The part Islam has laid down its laws and rules, and so they are unchangeable. The part Islamic State is responsible to determine the laws and it must lay down the law and order with regard to the needs of time. The latter has been called “Manṭiqat al-Firāq” by him, arguing the Prophet (PBUH) used to perform it as well and made legislations as the ruler of the society (not as the Prophet). In his opinion, this type of Prophet's laws is not permanent and stable in the Islamic school of thought. The present paper aims to review the theory and analyze Islamic scholars’ opinions concerning it. There are defenses and criticisms about the theory; e.g. some argue this theory expresses appropriate materials for treating both governmental and non-governmental narratives, but does not provide a criterion for separating them from each other. His evidences to prove the theory and his claims of contradictory between the theory and Qur’anic verses and narratives claiming the comprehension of Islam and its decrees, have been also criticized, which here fall at glance and discussion

Dating the Surah Al-Layl

The verses and the Sūrahs of the Qur'an were gradually revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) during the 23 years in Mecca and Medina. Information of the time, place, and amount of descendants and verses - especially in cases of conflict - are of the requirements of the Quranic researches. Sūrah al-Layl is one of the disputed Sūrahs, that in order to achieve the goal, we have to use two types of extra and intra-textual evidences. From this point of view, the present research, in a descriptive-analytical method, seeks to answer the question “how is the dating of Sūrah al-Layl based on the extra and intra-textual evidences?” The findings indicated that the extra-textual evidences included: 1- traditions of the order of descend, 2- traditions of the cause of revelation, 3- exegetes’ views. Among these indications, the traditions of the cause of revelation tended to be criticized. But the other two extra-textual evidences, as well as intra-textual ones, which were received with deep attention of the verses of the Sūrah, proved this Sūrah to be Makkī, and based on the totality of the evidences, its descent dates back to about the first year of the Prophet’s (PBUH) Mission, at his secret invitation

Dating the Sūrah Al-'Ikhlās (Sūrah Al-Tawḥīd)

The Qur’anic sūrahs were gradually sent down to the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) during two periods of Mecca and Medina. In Qur’anic studies it’s very important to know when and where a sūrah was revealed. Sūrah al-Tawḥīd is one of the disputed ones, which in order to achieve the descending date of it, two categories of extra and intra-textual evidences must be studied. From this point of view, the present research, in a descriptive-analytical method, seeks to answer the question: “what is the dating of Sūrah al-Tawḥīd based on the extra and intra-textual evidences?” Findings show that both the extra and intra-textual evidences indicate to its being as Meccan and accordingly, based on these evidences, its revelation is estimated to the third year of the Mission, coincided with the public invitation of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)

Construction of an engineered alpha 1-antitrypsin with inhibitory activity based on theoretical studies

Background: The elastase inhibitor \u3b1-1-antitrypsin (AAT), is a member of the serpin superfamily of protease inhibitors. AAT has a characteristic secondary structure of three-\u3b2-sheets, nine-\u3b1-helices and a reactive central loop (RCL). This protein inhibits target proteases by forming a stable complex in which the cleaved RCL is inserted into \u3b2-sheet-A of the serpin, leading to a conformational change in the AAT protein. Spontaneous polymerization and instability of AAT are challenges with regard to producing drugs against AAT-deficient diseases. Therefore, the purpose of many investigations currently is to produce drugs with lower degrees of polymerization and higher stabilities. In order to investigate the effect of the N-terminal segment (residues 1-43) on AAT structure, molecular dynamic (MD) simulation was used to study structural properties including Root-mean-square deviation (RMSD), internal motions, intramolecular non-bonded interactions and the total accessible surface area (ASA) of native and reduced AAT. These properties were compared in native and truncated AAT. Results: Theoretical studies showed no noticeable differences in the dynamic and structural properties of the two structures. These findings provided the basis for the experimental phase of the study in which sequences from the two AAT constructs were inserted into the expression vector pGAPZ and transformed into Pichia pastoris. Results showed no differences in the activities and polymerization of the two AAT constructs. Conclusions: As small-scale medicines are preferred by lung drug delivery systems, in this study AAT was designed and constructed by decreasing the number of amino acids at the N-terminal region