INVESTIGAÇÃO DO DIREITO PENAL POR COMPORTAMENTO CRIMINOSO SOB A INFLUÊNCIA DE TRANSTORNOS MENTAIS PSICÓTICOS E NEURÓTICOS NO IRÃ

A person with a mental disorder can become an ordinary citizen or a criminal at some point in their lives. In the words of the Iranian legislators, free people and people with disabilities who committed a crime; They are considered guilty but irresponsible. One of the important issues in criminal law is the determination of criminal responsibility. The perpetrator of the crime can be attributed to the perpetrator and will be punished according to the crime unless the offender is unable to bear criminal responsibility for some reason. A person commits a crime under the influence of disorders of which he is unaware of the process. In the present study, with an analytical study, we will comparatively study the issue that; Mental disorders have a wide range that in some cases makes the person irresponsible and in some cases makes the person partially responsible and in other cases does not affect the criminal punishment of the person. Also, the difference between the madness mentioned in Article 51 of the Islamic Penal Code is different from the concept of madness considered by psychiatrists, and in the legislation, it only refers to the degrees of madness and does not deal with the types of madness.Uma pessoa com um distúrbio mental pode se tornar um cidadão comum ou um criminoso em algum momento de suas vidas. Nas palavras dos legisladores iranianos, pessoas livres e pessoas com deficiência que cometeram um crime; são consideradas culpadas, mas irresponsáveis. Uma das questões importantes no direito penal é a determinação da responsabilidade criminal. O infrator do crime pode ser atribuído ao infrator e será punido de acordo com o crime, a menos que o infrator seja incapaz de assumir responsabilidade criminal por algum motivo. Uma pessoa comete um crime sob a influência de desordens das quais ela desconhece o processo. No presente estudo, com um estudo analítico, estudaremos comparativamente a questão que; Os distúrbios mentais têm uma ampla gama que em alguns casos torna a pessoa irresponsável e em alguns casos torna a pessoa parcialmente responsável e em outros casos não afeta a punição criminal da pessoa. Além disso, a diferença entre a loucura mencionada no artigo 51 do Código Penal Islâmico é diferente do conceito de loucura considerado pelos psiquiatras, e na legislação, refere-se apenas aos graus de loucura e não lida com os tipos de loucura

Evidence Based Practice in Pediatric Urolithiasis

Nephrolithiasis is an increasing problem in children. Due to the different presentations and etiology of this disease in children compared with adults, we decided to perform an extensive search to find trials and arrange an evidence based study in this regard.Keywords: Urolithiasis; Child; Evidence-Based Practic

Cervical Spine and Degenerative Conditions

Degenerative disks and cervical spine ligaments diseases caused by the collapse of the anatomical position of vertebral structures and attempt to adapt. The Degenerative disorder of the neck disks has a prevalence of 20% to 25% in the population under the age of 59 and 70%-95% in the population 65 years and older. This study performed as a retrospective by reviewing the clinical files of patients with anterior neck discectomy in Shohada Tajrish hospital between 2014-2017.The severity of pain in the type of radiculopathy and neck pain measured from 1 to 10 based on the visual analog scale (VAS). The most common clinical manifestations of degenerative and cervical disks are neck pain, radiculopathy, and cervical myelopathy, alone or in combination. Generally, the disc hernia suddenly associated with acute symptoms

Clinical Features and Outcome in Children With Primary Hyperoxaluria; Single Center Experience

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The Role of Ischemia Reperfusion Damage on Renal Transplant, what are the new treatments?

How to Cite This Article: Otukesh H, Hoseini R, Rahimzadeh N, Hosseini S, Ahmadpoor P, Javadi Larijani F. The role of Ischemia reperfusion damage on renal transplant, what are the new treatments? J Ped. Nephrology 2013 July;1(1):1-7.Ischemia reperfusion damage usually occurs after renal transplantation. These injuries can stimulate the innate immune system, trigger an inflammatory response and ultimately activate the adaptive immune system. These events may result in rejection, graft fibrosis and chronic allograft nephropathy. Different mechanisms contribute to innate immune system activation following ischemia reperfusion injury in renal transplants. Some of these mechanisms are known and described by investigators while the remaining are still unknown. To clarify the precise mechanisms underlying the innate immune system activation and rejection progression helps us to plan therapeutic protocols to reduce immunologic responses to ischemic events and to improve the graft function and outcome. In this review, we will discuss how innate and adaptive immune systems are activated during an ischemic insult and thereafter discuss related therapeutic interventions to block the activating pathways. Keywords: Ischemia; Renal transplantation; Reperfusion

Investigating the rate of different ovarian response in in vitro fertilization cycles based on estrogen receptor beta +1730 polymorphism: A cross-sectional study

Background: The response to ovarian stimulation is different among women referring for assisted reproductive techniques. This difference could be due to different genotypes in genes related to reproduction such as estrogen receptor beta (E

A numerical investigation of gas injection into cylinder filled with castor oil using the two-fluid model

Paper presented at the 6th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, South Africa, 30 June - 2 July, 2008.An Eulerian-Eulerian two-fluid mathematical model is used to numerical simulation of two-phase flow caused by the gas injection into a vertical cylinder. The cylinder is filled with castor oil of which the kinematics viscosity is sufficiently large to ensure liquid flow to be in the laminar regime. The mathematical model used in this study, solves transport equations for the variables of each phase with an allowance for interphase mass and momentum exchange. The governing equations are discreted by the finite volume technique and then are solved by SIMPLE staggered grid solution technique. In order to increase the accuracy of calculations, the power-law scheme is employed to approximate the convection and diffusion terms. It is found that the radial components of bubbles velocities are much smaller than the corresponding axial ones, and the bubbles move up almost vertically. Predictions of the proposed model agree closely with a number of published experimental data.vk201

Effect of Eight Weeks of Selected Corrective Exercises on Strength and Range of Motion of Shoulder Rotation in Male Boxers With Scapular Dyskinesis

Background and Aims In previous studies, different results have been reported regarding the effect of corrective exercises on improving scapular dyskinesis and its related symptoms. The present study aims to investigate the effect of eight weeks of selected corrective exercises on strength and range of motion (ROM) of shoulder rotation in male boxers with scapular dyskinesis.Methods This is a quasi-experimental study that was conducted on 30 male boxers in Guilan province of Iran including 15 in the control group (age: 24.05±3.80 years; weight: 73.54±5.52 kg; height: 177.18±5.08 cm) and 15 in the exercise group (age: 25.01±4.05 years; weight: 74.14±6.31 kg; height: 176.69±5.14 cm). The boxers in the exercise group performed selected corrective exercises for 8 weeks (strengthening the serratus anterior and middle retractors and stretching the pectoralis minor). Diagnosis and severity of scapular dyskinesis was measured by the lateral scapular slide test. The ROM of shoulder rotation was measured using a manual goniometer, and the shoulder rotation strength was assessed using a manual dynamometer. All tests were performed in pre-test and post-test phases. Statistical analyses were performed using paired t-test and analysis of covariance. The significance level was set at 0.05.Results The selected corrective exercises had a significant effect on improving scapular dyskinesia and the external rotation strength of the shoulder in the exercise group compared to the control group (P≤0.05), but had no significant effect on improving the internal rotation strength of the shoulder and the ROM of shoulder rotation (P>0.05)Conclusion The selected corrective exercises can improve scapular dyskinesis and increasing the external rotation strength of the shoulder in male boxers with scapular dyskinesis. Therefore, trainers, athletes and therapists can use these exercises to reduce the symptoms related to this disorder and improve performance of boxers with scapular dyskinesis

Discovering and counting the mechanisms of establishing a succession planning system in governmental organizations

AbstractThe present study seeks to investigate what are the necessary stages for establishing a succession management system in governmental organizations. The methodology of the present study is qualitative. The research data have been collected using free and semi-structured interviews with 19 senior managers and professors in the field of human resources. Data analysis has been performed thematically based on 3-step coding using Nvivo software.The validity of the research was confirmed based on the opinions of professors and experts in the field of human resources and the reliability of the "angulation" technique based on continuous review. The study results indicate that establishment of succession management system consists of seven main themes that occur gradually and in a process. These themes include: organizational culture-building, providing the ground for implementation of succession planning system, implementation of a committed system, determining the policies, evaluating the candidates in order to establish a meritocracy system, analysis of the educational gaps and development of staff based on the mission, and finally evaluation of the succession management system.IntroductionIn the strategy of the new millennium organizations there is a great emphasis on intangible assets. More careful studies in this area suggest that to achieve success, one must not only place people in the appropriate positions, but also identify top employees in each position (Brandi &Kall, 2005).According to researchers in the field of organizations, especially large organizations, exploiting their potential capabilities is profitable for employees and the organization. Numerous factors can determine the success or failure of organizations. One of the main factors for success of today’s organizations can be considered human resources. Therefore, research and activity in this field will cause prosperity and self-flourishing of the organization by paying attention to intangible assets. Given the above, the present study aims to design a model of succession management system.Case studyIn this study, the governmental organizations in question have been large organizations in Tehran province in which the need to establish succession planning for development and excellence of the country seems essential.Theoretical frameworkIn today’s, the supply of young human resources has gradually decreased and on the other hand, the workforce has become older, and when faced with a new change, many organizations have various ambiguities about the ability to replace their employees. With a more comprehensive perspective, succession planning represents a deliberate and systematic effort to ensure continued leadership in key positions, maintain and develop intellectual capital and knowledge in all employees for the future, encourage personal advancement, ensure stability or the “bench power” of the key personnel, provide a holistic approach to the organization’s continued effective performance, and to organize coordinated programs to develop, replace, and influence key individuals to ensure a deep talent pipeline (Schoonover, 2011).To manage their current and future talents, today’s organizations must take effective measures at all levels;MethodologyThe present study is developmental in terms of the result, applied in terms of purpose, and qualitative in terms of data type and method. The methodology of the present study is qualitative. The research data has been collected by free and semi-structured interviews with 19 senior managers and expert professors in the field of human resources. Data analysis has been performed thematically based on 3-step coding using Nvivo software. Clarke-Braun thematic analysis method based on 3-step coding (free coding, selective coding, and axial coding) has been used for analysis.Discussion and ResultsIn the present study, the analysis of the texts has been done inductively and an attempt has been made to, passing through purely objective and experimental codes and issues provide abstract issues that can explain the whole succession management system. The theoretical literature has been used as a guide to the ultimate abstract categorization. Based on the analysis of the interviews, seven main themes have been counted. These themes are in fact the body of the succession management system in the present study.In this regard, first the basic condition which is the cultural context must be estimated because the importance of culture-building is known to everyone. Providing the context is itself a continuous and comprehensive process that can be the background for turning the succession planning system into a major goal. After preparing the executive conditions, it is necessary to determine the organizational policies so that the whole implementation process, which is a dynamic process, moves within a certain framework and can be responsive and helpful in different conditions. After determining the general policy of the organization, the candidates must be evaluated in order to establish a meritocracy system in the organization. The next step after evaluating the candidates is analysis of the gap and determination of educational needs, educational planning, development of career path and development through different methods based on that along with paying attention to staff motivation so that after development they move toward predetermined goals and be accountable to predetermined goals individually, collectively and systematically. The last step in implementation of any system is to evaluate that system in terms of efficiency and effectiveness. In fact, evaluation determines how successful the organization has been in the field of implementation. In this regard, by determining the evaluation criteria first and determining the evaluation methods and finally establishment of the PDCA cycle, the conditions must be provided to evaluate and eliminate deviations in order to achieve predetermined goals and more success.ConclusionIn the current era, the importance of implementing the succession planning system is known to every manager and organization. In this study, the results showed that establishing a succession management system in organizations consists of seven main themes that occur in a process and gradually. It should be noted that each of the mentioned themes are the background of the previous theme in order to establish a system efficiently

Evaluation of polymorphism of P53 protein codon 72 in oral lichen planus by PCR technique

Background. Our research was aimed to study p53 protein codon 72 polymorphism, a single base pair change of either arginine (Arg; CGC) or proline (Pro; CCC) that creates 3 distinct genotypes in reticular oral lichen planus (OLP) in comparison to oral SCC which is the most common oral mucosal malignancy as positive control and inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (IFH) lesion as negative control. Methods. Seventy paraffin-embedded tissue samples (30 OLP, 20 OSCC and 20 IFH) were studied. DNA was purified and amplified using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction to detect polymorphism. The final amplified products were identified using gel electrophoresis. Data were analyzed using chi-squared test and odds ratio. Results. The mean ages in the OLP, OSCC and IFH groups were 43.28, 58.2 and 53.47 years, respectively, with significant differences. There were no significant differences in gender between the three groups (P=0.413); however, the differences in genotypes and alleles were significant between the three groups (P=0.021 and P=0.030, respectively). By considering IFH as a reference, the frequency of proline allele in OLP and OSCC was significantly higher than that of arginine allele (P=0.015 and P=0.028, respectively). In addition, by considering OSCC as a reference and at P=1, there were no significant differences in the frequencies of alleles between OSCC and OLP. Conclusion. The results might indicate the premalignant potential of OLP, and such polymorphism might be a genetic predisposing factor for conversion of OLP to OSCC. In addition, in the subjects evaluated the proline allele was considered a risk factor