21 research outputs found
Corporate Social Performance of Indonesian State-Owned and Private Companies
The objectives of this study are to analyze the difference of corporate social performance between
State-owned and private companies in Indonesia, and also to analyze the correlation between the
corporate social performance (CSP) and the corporate financial performance by using company size,
and institutional ownership as control variables. The population of this study is Indonesian state owned
and private companies in the year of 2001-2004. Purposive sampling was used in this study, and final
samples are 461 companies.
The CSP or CSR (Corporate social responsibility) score is measured by content analysis of corporate
annual report using seven item developed by Michael Research Jantzi Research Associate, Inc. The data
is tested by independent t-test to determine the mean difference and by using partial correlation test to
know the correlation between the corporate social performance and financial performance.
The results of this study are that there is no significant difference mean of corporate social performance
between state-owned and private owned companies in Indonesia. In addition, the correlation test
indicates that there is no association between corporation social performance and financial
performance both in SOCs and POCs
Characterisation of Asystasia Gangetica and Phyllanthus Niruri Extracts: Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities
Antioxidant plays a significant role in inhibiting and scavenging free radicals, which protects human against infection and degenerative diseases. Nowadays, most studies focus on “natural antioxidants†from herbs due to safe therapeutic. In this study, performance on different extraction methods, i.e. Soxhlet, cold maceration and traditional extraction method assisted with ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) for Asystasia gangetica leaves and Phyllanthus niruri plant are investigated by means of antioxidant, total phenolic content and antibacterial activity. The extracts were characterized for its antioxidant activity and total phenolic content by means of DPPH radical scavenging method and Folin-Ciocalteau reagent respectively. Optimization studies were carried out on combined cold-maceration and UAE extraction method by using Response Surface Method. Then, the optimized extracts were further characterized for antibacterial activity using Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis by the agar disc diffusion method. Sample containing cold macerated A. gangetica and P. niruri indicates the highest antioxidant property as it contains the highest percentage of DPPH scavenging activity (59.57% and 51.14% respectively). While, the total phenolic content of macerated A. gangetica and P. niruri are 2.73 mg GAE/g and 2.68 mg GAE/g respectively. Consequently, after the determination of highest percentage of DPPH scavenging activity, the extracts were further optimized using UAE. From the optimization, the optimum condition was determined to be power of 17.57±0.01W and time of 5.83±0.01minutes for A. gangetica while, the power of 98.14±0.01W and 0.17±0.01minutes for P. niruri. Both optimized extracts showed potent antibacterial activity with high degree of antibacterial against E. coli. In conclusion, combination of cold maceration and UAE method increase the amount of antioxidant from extracts of A. gangetica and P. niruri. The finding from this study can be useful in pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries.
Keywords: Asystasia gangetica, Phyllanthus Niruri, Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic Content, Antibacterial Activity
Impact of primary kidney disease on the effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease: secondary analyses of the EMPA-KIDNEY trial
Background: The EMPA KIDNEY trial showed that empagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome of kidney disease progression or cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease mainly through slowing progression. We aimed to assess how effects of empagliflozin might differ by primary kidney disease across its broad population. Methods: EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA). Patients were eligible if their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher at screening. They were randomly assigned (1:1) to 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily or matching placebo. Effects on kidney disease progression (defined as a sustained ≥40% eGFR decline from randomisation, end-stage kidney disease, a sustained eGFR below 10 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or death from kidney failure) were assessed using prespecified Cox models, and eGFR slope analyses used shared parameter models. Subgroup comparisons were performed by including relevant interaction terms in models. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. Findings: Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5–2·4). Prespecified subgroupings by primary kidney disease included 2057 (31·1%) participants with diabetic kidney disease, 1669 (25·3%) with glomerular disease, 1445 (21·9%) with hypertensive or renovascular disease, and 1438 (21·8%) with other or unknown causes. Kidney disease progression occurred in 384 (11·6%) of 3304 patients in the empagliflozin group and 504 (15·2%) of 3305 patients in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·71 [95% CI 0·62–0·81]), with no evidence that the relative effect size varied significantly by primary kidney disease (pheterogeneity=0·62). The between-group difference in chronic eGFR slopes (ie, from 2 months to final follow-up) was 1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (95% CI 1·16–1·59), representing a 50% (42–58) reduction in the rate of chronic eGFR decline. This relative effect of empagliflozin on chronic eGFR slope was similar in analyses by different primary kidney diseases, including in explorations by type of glomerular disease and diabetes (p values for heterogeneity all >0·1). Interpretation: In a broad range of patients with chronic kidney disease at risk of progression, including a wide range of non-diabetic causes of chronic kidney disease, empagliflozin reduced risk of kidney disease progression. Relative effect sizes were broadly similar irrespective of the cause of primary kidney disease, suggesting that SGLT2 inhibitors should be part of a standard of care to minimise risk of kidney failure in chronic kidney disease. Funding: Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and UK Medical Research Council
Merdeka Belajar Merdeka Mengajar
Kebijakan pemerintah “Merdeka Belajar, Kampus Merdeka” tentu
menimbulkan respon tersendiri bagi para dosen selaku akademisi bagaimana
menyikapi, merencanakan, menyusun dan mengimplementasikan sistem dan
model belajar yang paling sesuai dengan kebijakan tersebut. Dan di buku
Antologi inilah akan dijumpai berbagai pandangan, pemikiran, dan juga
mungkin gambaran usulan untuk mengimplementasikan kebijakan MBKM di
era informasi teknologi yang sangat cepat berubah dewasa ini. Sebagai
pendidik profesional, para dosen tentu memiliki kiat dan cara tersendiri untuk
bisa menghasilkan output lulusan peserta didik yang benar-benar sesuai
dengan tujuan dan target kebijakan MBKM tersebu