1,005 research outputs found
Coordinate-space calculation of the window observable for the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to
The `intermediate window quantity' of the hadronic vacuum polarization
contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon allows for a
high-precision comparison between the data-driven approach and lattice QCD. The
existing lattice results, which presently show good consistency among each
other, are in strong tension with the data-driven determination. In order to
check for a potentially common source of systematic error of the lattice
calculations, which are all based on the time-momentum representation (TMR), we
perform a calculation using a Lorentz-covariant coordinate-space (CCS)
representation. We present results for the isovector and the connected
strange-quark contributions to the intermediate window quantity at a reference
point in the plane, in the continuum and infinite-volume limit,
based on four different lattice spacings. Our results are in good agreement
with those of the recent TMR-based Mainz-CLS publication.Comment: 35 pages, 6 figures, 6 table
Coordinate-space calculation of QED corrections to the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to
As several lattice collaborations agree on the result for the window quantity
of the hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) contribution to , whilst
being in tension with the calculation using the dispersive approach, further
effort is needed in order to pin down the cause for this difference. Here we
want to focus on the isospin breaking corrections to the leading order HVP. In
many lattice applications, the photon propagator is treated stochastically;
however, by analogy with the hadronic light-by-light contribution (HLbL) to
, we suggest a coordinate-space approach to the HVP at
next-to-leading order. We present a calculation of the two diagrams of the
(2+2) topology at unphysical pion mass, where we apply a Pauli-Villars
regularization for the extra photon propagator in the diagram that is
UV-divergent. We compare the UV-finite diagram to the pseudoscalar exchange
contributions calculated from a vector-meson dominance model.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, Proceedings of the The 40th
International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 2023), July 31st -
August 4th, 2023, Fermi National Accelerator Laborator
P-glycoprotein efflux transporter: a key to pharmacokinetic modeling for methadone clearance in fetuses
Hadronic light-by-light contribution to from lattice QCD with SU(3) flavor symmetry
We perform a lattice QCD calculation of the hadronic light-by-light
contribution to at the SU(3) flavor-symmetric point
MeV. The representation used is based on
coordinate-space perturbation theory, with all QED elements of the relevant
Feynman diagrams implemented in continuum, infinite Euclidean space. As a
consequence, the effect of using finite lattices to evaluate the QCD four-point
function of the electromagnetic current is exponentially suppressed. Thanks to
the SU(3)-flavor symmetry, only two topologies of diagrams contribute, the
fully connected and the leading disconnected. We show the equivalence in the
continuum limit of two methods of computing the connected contribution, and
introduce a sparse-grid technique for computing the disconnected contribution.
Thanks to our previous calculation of the pion transition form factor, we are
able to correct for the residual finite-size effects and extend the tail of the
integrand. We test our understanding of finite-size effects by using gauge
ensembles differing only by their volume. After a continuum extrapolation based
on four lattice spacings, we obtain , where the first error results from the uncertainties on
the individual gauge ensembles and the second is the systematic error of the
continuum extrapolation. Finally, we estimate how this value will change as the
light-quark masses are lowered to their physical values.Comment: 19 figures, 39 pages; improved references, in particular concerning
the eta exchange; no figures or results change
The charm-quark contribution to light-by-light scattering in the muon from lattice QCD
We compute the hadronic light-by-light scattering contribution to the muon
from the charm quark using lattice QCD. The calculation is performed on
ensembles generated with dynamical quarks at the SU(3)
symmetric point with degenerate pion and kaon masses of around 415 MeV. It
includes the connected charm contribution, as well as the leading disconnected
Wick contraction, involving the correlation between a charm and a light-quark
loop. Cutoff effects turn out to be sizeable, which leads us to use
lighter-than-physical charm masses, to employ a broad range of lattice spacings
reaching down to 0.039 fm and to perform a combined charm-mass and continuum
extrapolation. We use the meson to define the physical charm-mass
point and obtain a final value of , whose uncertainty is dominated by the systematics of the
extrapolation. Our result is consistent with the estimate based on a simple
charm-quark loop, whilst being free of any perturbative scheme dependence on
the charm mass. The mixed charm-light disconnected contraction contributes a
small negative amount to the final value.Comment: 21 pages, 8 figures, 9 table
Prospectives
Tiré de: Prospectives, vol. 11, no 4, oct. 1975Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 24 janv. 2013
Combinations of scleroderma hallmark autoantibodies associate with distinct clinical phenotypes
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by the presence of SSc-specific or SSc-associated antibodies (SSc-Abs): anti-topoisomerase I (ATA), anti-centromere (ACA), anti-RNA polymerase III (ARA), anti-U3RNP (U3RNP), anti-U1RNP (U1RNP), anti-PmScl (PmScl), anti-Ku (Ku) and anti-Th/To (Th/To), each being associated with specific clinical features and prognosis. The detection of more than one SSc-Abs in SSc patients is rare and only few data about these patients' clinical phenotype is available. The aim of our study was to evaluate the frequency and the disease's features associated with the presence of > 1 SSc-Abs positivity in a large cohort of SSc patients. The autoantibody profiles of 2799 SSc patients from February 2001 to June 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with > 1 SSc-Abs were identified. Clinical features were collected and compared to a large historical cohort of SSc patients with single SSc-Ab positivity. SSc patients were excluded if previously treated with rituximab, intravenous immunoglobulins or stem cell transplantation. Non-parametric tests were used for statistical analysis. Nearly 5% of SSc patients from our cohort had ≥ 2 autoantibody positivity, and 2.3% (n = 72) had ≥ 2 SSc-Abs positivity. Th e most common combination was U1RNP and ATA (35%). These patients were younger than patients with single autoantibody positivity and showed more commonly a diffuse cutaneous SSc form. They also had higher rates of overlap features compared to ATA patients. Other combinations included U1RNP and ACA (13%), ATA and ACA (7%) and U1RNP and PmScl (5%). In our study we observed that, while infrequently, SSc patients can present with a combination of two SSc-Abs and that the double positivity can influence their clinical phenotype compared to patients with single SSc-Ab positivity. The importance of re-testing SSc-Abs in patients with changing clinical phenotypes was also highlighted, as this may confer a differing risk stratification
Forward light-by-light scattering and electromagnetic correction to hadronic vacuum polarization
Lattice QCD calculations of the hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) have
reached a precision where the electromagnetic (e.m.) correction can no longer
be neglected. This correction is both computationally challenging and hard to
validate, as it leads to ultraviolet (UV) divergences and to sizeable infrared
(IR) effects associated with the massless photon. While we precisely determine
the UV divergence using the operator-product expansion, we propose to introduce
a separation scale MeV into the internal photon propagator,
whereby the calculation splits into a short-distance part, regulated in the UV
by the lattice and in the IR by the scale , and a UV-finite
long-distance part to be treated with coordinate-space methods, thereby
avoiding power-law finite-size effects altogether. In order to predict the
long-distance part, we express the UV-regulated e.m. correction to the HVP via
the forward hadronic light-by-light (HLbL) scattering amplitude and relate the
latter via a dispersive sum rule to fusion cross-sections.
Having tested the relation by reproducing the two-loop QED vacuum polarization
(VP) from the tree-level cross-section, we predict
the expected lattice-QCD integrand resulting from the
process.Comment: 27 pages, 6 figures; additional references, typos corrected; a
statement on the charged-current correlator has been correcte
Valorization of Napier grass via intermediate pyrolysis: Optimization using response surface methodology and pyrolysis products characterization
This study presents first optimization report on pyrolysis oil derived from Napier grass. Effects of temperature,
heating rate and nitrogen flow rate on the intermediate pyrolysis of Napier grass biomass in a vertical fixed-bed tubular reactor were investigated collectively. Response surface methodology with central composite design was used for modelling the process and optimization of the process variables. Individual second order polynomial model was found to be adequate in predicting bio-oil, bio-char and
non-condensable gas yield. The optimum bio-oil yield of 50.57 wt% was recorded at 600 �C, 50 �C/min and 5 L/min nitrogen flow. The bio-oil obtained throughout this study was two-phase liquid, organic and aqueous phase. The bio-oil, bio-char and non-condensable gas were characterized using standard analytical techniques. The results revealed that the organic phase consists of hydrocarbons and various
benzene derivatives, which can be further processed into fuels and valuable chemicals. The aqueous phase was predominantly water, acids, ketones, aldehydes and some phenolics and other water-soluble organics. The non-condensable gas was made up high hydrogen/carbon monoxide ratio suitable for liquid fuel synthesis via Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis. The bio-char was a porous carbonaceous material with high energy content, which can be applied as a solid fuel, adsorbent or source of biofertilizer. This
study demonstrated that Napier grass biomass is a viable feedstock for production of high-value bioenergy precursors
Near-Limb Zeeman and Hanle Diagnostics
"Weak" magnetic-field diagnostics in faint objects near the bright solar disk
are discussed in terms of the level of non-object signatures, in particular, of
the stray light in telescopes. Calculated dependencies of the stray light
caused by diffraction at the 0.5-, 1.6-, and 4-meter entrance aperture are
presented. The requirements for micro-roughness of refractive and reflective
primary optics are compared. Several methods for reducing the stray light (the
Lyot coronagraphic technique, multiple stages of apodizing in the focal and
exit pupil planes, apodizing in the entrance aperture plane with a special
mask), and reducing the random and systematic errors are noted. An acceptable
level of stray light in telescopes is estimated for the V-profile recording
with a signal-to-noise ratio greater than three. Prospects for the limb
chromosphere magnetic measurements are indicated.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figure
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