The relationship between cognitive moral development and attitudes toward academic cheating of Armenian high school students at an Armenian private school in Southern California

Over the past fifty years, cheating among high school students increased substantially and affected the morale of students (Simha, Armstrong, & Albert, 2012). According to a nationally representative survey of 36,000 U.S. adolescents, some 60% of high school students confessed to cheating on a test during the previous school year, and that the behavior among these students had spiked over the past 50 years (Murdock, Beauchamp, & Hinton, 2008). Armenian high school students agree that cheating is morally wrong; however, their actions do not reflect this belief (Bowers, 1964; McCabe & Trevino, 1996; Semerci, 2006). The study aims to address gaps in the literature by using Kohlberg\u27s (1958) theory of moral development (as cited in Hannah, Lester, & Lester, 2005) to examine how academic dishonesty, such as cheating, is associated with the moral development level of Armenian private high school students in Souther California, and the extent to which, if at all, this relationship is moderated by the degree of students\u27 performance orientation. No prior research is known to have been done with this specific cultural group in a high school setting

Interfacial partitioning behaviour of bovine serum albumin in polymer-salt aqueous two-phase system

A relationship is proposed for the interfacial partitioning of protein in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-phosphate aqueous two-phase system (ATPS). The relationship relates the natural logarithm of interfacial partition coefficient, ln G to the PEG concentration difference between the top and bottom phases, Δ[PEG], with the equation ln G = AΔ[PEG] + B. Results showed that this relationship provides good fits to the partition of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in ATPS which is comprised of phosphate and PEG of four different molecular weight 1450 g/mol, 2000 g/mol, 3350 g/mol and 4000 g/mol, with the tie-line length (TLL) in the range of 44–60% (w/w) at pH 7.0. The decrease of A values with the increase of PEG molecular weight indicates that the correlation between ln G and Δ[PEG] decreases with the increase in PEG molecular weight and the presence of protein–polymer hydrophobic interaction. When temperature was increased, a non-linear relationship of ln G inversely proportional to temperature was observed. The amount of proteins adsorbed at the interface increased proportionally with the amount of BSA loaded whereas the partition coefficient, K remained relatively constant. The relationship proposed could be applied to elucidate interfacial partitioning behaviour of other biomolecules in polymer-salt ATPS

Examining the Real‐Life Journey of Individuals and Families Affected by Single‐Ventricle Congenital Heart Disease

Background The lifetime journey of patients with single‐ventricle congenital heart disease is characterized by long‐term challenges that are incompletely understood and still unfolding. Health care redesign requires a thorough understanding of this journey to create and implement solutions that improve outcomes. This study maps the lifetime journey of individuals with single‐ventricle congenital heart disease and their families, identifies the most meaningful outcomes to them, and defines significant challenges in the journey. Methods and Results This qualitative research study involved experience group sessions and 1:1 interviews of patients, parents, siblings, partners, and stakeholders. Journey maps were created. The most meaningful outcomes to patients and parents and significant gaps in care were identified across the life journey. A total of 142 participants from 79 families and 28 stakeholders were included. Lifelong and life‐stage specific journey maps were created. The most meaningful outcomes to patients and parents were identified and categorized using a “capability (doing the things in life you want to), comfort (experience of physical/emotional pain/distress), and calm (experiencing health care with the least impact on daily life)” framework. Gaps in care were identified and classified into areas of ineffective communication, lack of seamless transitions, lack of comprehensive support, structural deficiencies, and insufficient education. Conclusions There are significant gaps in care during the lifelong journey of individuals with single‐ventricle congenital heart disease and their families. A thorough understanding of this journey is a critical first step in developing initiatives to redesign care around their needs and priorities. This approach can be used for people with other forms of congenital heart disease and other chronic conditions. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT04613934