Das erste westdeutsche Biosphärenreservat "Bayerischer Wald"

Als erster Ansatz zur Errichtung von Naturschutzgebieten wird im bayerisch–tschechischen Grenzraum oft das Jahr 1858 genannt, als auf Antrag des Forstmeisters John das erste Naturreservat im Böhmerwald von Fürst Schwarzenberg geschützt wurde – der berühmte Kubany (Boubin)-Urwald. 1863 appellierte der Münchener Maximilian Schmidt an König Max II. von Bayern einen Befehl zu erlassen, das Urwaldgebiet Höllbachgspreng am Hang des Falkensteins unberührt der Nachwelt zu erhalten. Der später so genannte „Waldschmidt“ war einer der ersten „modernen“ Touristen auf bayerischer Seite im Böhmerwald

Asynchronously Replicated Shared Workspaces for a Multi-Media Annotation Service over Internet

This paper describes a world wide collaboration system through multimedia Post-its (user generated annotations). DIANE is a service to create multimedia annotations to every application output on the computer, as well as to existing multimedia annotations. Users collaborate by registering multimedia documents and user generated annotation in shared workspaces. However, DIANE only allows effective participation in a shared workspace over a high performance network (ATM, fast Ethernet) since it deals with large multimedia object. When only slow or unreliable connections are available between a DIANE terminal and server, useful work becomes impossible. To overcome these restrictions we need to replicate DIANE servers so that users do not suffer degradation in the quality of service. We use the asynchronous replication service ODIN to replicate the shared workspaces to every interested site in a transparent way to users. ODIN provides a cost-effective object replication by building a dynamic virtual network over Internet. The topology of this virtual network optimizes the use of network resources while it satisfies the changing requirements of the users

Grundzüge der Sozialpolitik in der DDR

Dieses Arbeitspapier schildert die Grundzüge der DDR-Sozialpolitik, und zwar unter besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Konzeption, ihrer Institutionen, der Besonderheiten der Willensbildung und Entscheidungsprozesse, ihrer Weichenstellungen und Wirkungen. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, daß die DDR-Sozialpolitik einen hochgradig zentralisierten, einheitsstaatlichen und autoritär verfaßten Wohlfahrts- und Arbeitsstaat geschaffen hat. Dieser sorgte für Basissicherung der Bevölkerung auf einem Niveau, das dem Lebensstandard eines Arbeiterhaushaltes am Vorabend des zweiten Weltkrieges nachgebildet war, und schloß darüberhinaus neben beschäftigungspolitischen und bevölkerungspolitischen Zielsetzungen ein beachtlich hohes Ausmaß an Privilegierung zugunsten von politisch und wirtschaftlich besonders wichtigen Zielgruppen ein. Hinzu kam eine umfassend definierte Arbeitsplatzgarantie und die zunehmend aufwendiger werdende Subventionierung von Gütern und Tarifen des täglichen Bedarfs. Schlußendlich hat allerdings der im Vergleich zur nur mäßigen Produktivität der DDR-Ökonomie überdimensionierte sozialistische Wohlfahrtsstaat die Wirtschaft des DDR-Sozialismus überlastet und mit dazu beigetragen, das Land in eine Verschuldungsfalle zu führen

Tastversuch zur Kompensation negativer Ertragsreaktionen nach Strohdüngung im (viehlosen) Getreideanbau

After straw application unfavourable yield effects are also known from (stockless) organic farming systems (BECKMANN et al. 2002). Therefore, different methods of straw application (without, standard before ploughing, after ploughing, after sawing) were combined with application of green materials (legumes, grasses) and cultivation of oats as the following crop. Results of these trials should lead to principal solutions in optimization of these cultivation systems

English as an international language of science and its effect on Nordic terminology: the view of scientists

This chapter is concerned with attitudes to English as an international language of science among Nordic scientists. It reports on a questionnaire completed by 200+ physicists, chemists and computer scientists at universities in five Nordic countries: Iceland, Norway, Denmark, Sweden and Finland. The purpose is two-fold: First, it investigates if claims made primarily by representatives of the national language councils about a lack of local language terminology are corroborated by scientists themselves. It is found that Nordic scientists do believe that local language terminology is missing, but the extent to which they consider this problematic or a cause for concern varies. Second, the study compares attitudes across the five national contexts. Previous studies have documented that attitudes towards English held by the general public in the Nordic community can be ranked on a continuum with Icelanders being the most purist and Danes the least (Kristiansen and Sandøy 2010; Kristiansen 2010). This continuum is not replicated among Nordic scientists. Some possible reasons are discussed as well as some implications for language policy

Präferierte Selektionen als Träger sozialer Stereotypisierungen

Each type of specialized discourse has its own set of linguistic norms which determine the characteristic styles of various specializations. However, subject-specific elements and the corresponding definitional clarity and precision of expression only make up a part of such discourse. To a considerable extent, specialized discourse also draws on non-specialized style. In contrast to specialized terms, which convey technical concepts and models neutrally, non-specialized language is culturally biased. Common expressions, such as frequently-occurring word combinations, are building blocks of linguistic memory ("Bausteine des Sprachgedächtnisses"; Schmidt). They convey judgements, preconceptions and attributions (i.e. socially-shared stereotypes). These can interfere with the required objectivity in disciplines focusing on people, since the cultural values, norms and stereotypical preconceptions reflected in linguistic fixities are reproduced and reinforced by the habitual use of fixed expressions. As the influence of non-specialized language cannot be eliminated from specialized discourse, it should to be "neutralized" as much as possible by conscious use of the language to avoid undesirable implications. Using an example of medical discourse on the topic of AIDS/HIV, this paper shows how stereotypes can be detected on the basis of a broader conception of collocation and discourse-analytical and context-sensitive text analysis. It also demonstrates how habitual attributions can be linguistically realized through preferred selections

Germany\u27s Newest Aliens: The East Germans

Before 1989, Germans used the term Wende (the tum) to refer to the transition from the Schmidt to the Kohl government in 1981-82. This meaning disappeared overnight between November 9 and 10, 1989. The real Wende became the revolution in the GDR and the subsequent unification of the two Germanys. Doubtless this shift in meaning was justified. By October 1990, Germany had experienced far more than a change in political leadership. It now had new expanded borders, 17 million new citizens, and a mountain of challenges to overcome