199 research outputs found
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Porosity estimation of a geothermal carbonate reservoir in the German Molasse Basin based on seismic amplitude inversion
The Molasse Basin is one of the most promising areas for deep geothermal exploitation in Germany and the target horizon is the aquifer in the Upper Jurassic carbonates. Carbonate deposits can be very heterogeneous even over a small area due to diagenetic processes and varying depositional environments. The preferential targets for geothermal exploitation in carbonate deposits are fault zones, reef facies and karstified areas, since they are expected to act as hydraulically permeable zones due to high porosity and high permeability. Therefore, identifying these structures and characterizing, e.g., their internal porosity distribution are of high importance. This can be accomplished using 3D reflection seismic data. Besides structural information, 3D seismic surveys provide important reservoir properties, such as acoustic impedance, from which a porosity model can be derived. In our study area in Munich we carried out a seismic amplitude inversion to get an acoustic impedance model of the Upper Jurassic carbonate reservoir using a 3D seismic data set, a corresponding structural geological model, and logging data from six wells at the âSchĂ€ftlarnstraĂeâ geothermal site. The impedance model and porosity logs were than used to calculate a porosity model. The model shows a wide porosity range from 0 to 20% for the entire reservoir zone and the lithology along the wells reveals that dolomitic limestone has the highest porosities and calcareous dolomite has the lowest porosities. The study area is cut by a large WâE striking fault, the Munich Fault, and the footwall north of it shows higher porosities and more intense karstification than the hanging wall to the south. Considering the entire study area, an increase in porosity from east to west is observed. Furthermore, we identified a complex porosity distribution in reef buildups and pinnacle reefs. The reef cores have mostly low porosities of, e.g., < 3% and the highest porosities of up to 7 to 14% are observed at the reef caps and on the reef slopes. The reef slopes show a characteristic interfingering of the reef facies with the surrounding bedded facies, which indicates a syn-sedimentary reef development with slightly varying build up growth rates. We also assessed the reservoir quality with regard to porosity distribution and determined areas with moderate to good quality for geothermal exploitation by defining porosity evaluation levels. The porosity evaluation maps show that the carbonate rocks of Berriasian to Malm ζ1 are preferential targets for exploitation, especially in the footwall of the Munich Fault and to the west of the hanging wall, because these areas are characterized by high porosities due to intense karstification of bedded and massive facies, although the latter is mainly restricted to reef caps and reef slopes
"Mother-father-tongue ... when children are raised in two languages
Die vorliegende Diplomarbeit Mother-Father-Tongue ⊠when children are raised in two languages: A multiple case study on German-English bilingual families in Austria behandelt das Thema der Zweisprachigkeit in der Familie. Die Arbeit ist in vier gröĂere Abschnitte gegliedert, wobei die ersten zwei Kapitel das theoretische GerĂŒst bilden und die Letzteren die empirische Untersuchung beschreiben und deren Ergebnisse prĂ€sentieren.
Der theoretische Teil gibt einen Ăberblick ĂŒber bisherige wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse im Forschungsbereich der Zweisprachigkeit. Ein spezielles Augenmerk ist hier auf frĂŒhe Zweisprachigkeit und auf die zweisprachige Sprachentwicklung von Kindern gelegt. Weiters bildet eine Diskussion ĂŒber Sprachen und Sprachpolitik in Ăsterreich, sowie die hypothetische Begutachtung der zweisprachigen Familie den sozialen, kulturellen und sprachlichen Kontext fĂŒr die empirische Studie. Die Theorie ist relevant fĂŒr das Verstehen der KomplexitĂ€t von Zweisprachigkeit, sowohl als individuelles PhĂ€nomen, als auch als Konstrukt in der Familie.
Im empirischen Teil der Arbeit wird die genaue Vorgehensweise der Forschungsarbeit beschrieben und deren Ergebnisse prÀsentiert. Die Studie umfasst eine Untersuchung von sechs, Deutsch-Englisch zweisprachigen Familien aus Wien und Umgebung. Qualitative, narrative Interviews mit jeweils beiden Elternteilen dieser Familien als auch von allen Familienmitgliedern verfasste Sprachenportraits erlauben, das PhÀnomen der Zweisprachigkeit in der Familie besser zu verstehen. Die Datenanalyse beinhaltet eine praktische Diskussion relevanter Themen dieser Familien, die sich im Rahmen der Forschungsarbeit herauskristallisierten. Diese umfassen Erfahrungsberichte der Familien, positiv und negativ, sowie fundamentale Fragen in Verbindung mit Zweisprachigkeit wie SprachenidentitÀt und Sprachstatus
Context-specificity to reduce bias in self-assessments: comparing teachers' scenario-based self-assessment and objective assessment of technological knowledge
Podoplanin immunopositive lymphatic vessels at the implant interface in a rat model of osteoporotic fractures
Insertion of bone substitution materials accelerates healing of osteoporotic fractures. Biodegradable materials are preferred for application in osteoporotic patients to avoid a second surgery for implant replacement. Degraded implant fragments are often absorbed by macrophages that are removed from the fracture side via passage through veins or lymphatic vessels. We investigated if lymphatic vessels occur in osteoporotic bone defects and whether they are regulated by the use of different materials. To address this issue osteoporosis was induced in rats using the classical method of bilateral ovariectomy and additional calcium and vitamin deficient diet. In addition, wedge-shaped defects of 3, 4, or 5 mm were generated in the distal metaphyseal area of femur via osteotomy. The 4 mm defects were subsequently used for implantation studies where bone substitution materials of calcium phosphate cement, composites of collagen and silica, and iron foams with interconnecting pores were inserted. Different materials were partly additionally functionalized by strontium or bisphosphonate whose positive effects in osteoporosis treatment are well known. The lymphatic vessels were identified by immunohistochemistry using an antibody against podoplanin. Podoplanin immunopositive lymphatic vessels were detected in the granulation tissue filling the fracture gap, surrounding the implant and growing into the iron foam through its interconnected pores. Significant more lymphatic capillaries were counted at the implant interface of composite, strontium and bisphosphonate functionalized iron foam. A significant increase was also observed in the number of lymphatics situated in the pores of strontium coated iron foam. In conclusion, our results indicate the occurrence of lymphatic vessels in osteoporotic bone. Our results show that lymphatic vessels are localized at the implant interface and in the fracture gap where they might be involved in the removal of lymphocytes, macrophages, debris and the implants degradation products. Therefore the lymphatic vessels are involved in implant integration and fracture healing
Exoplanets around G-K Giants
G and K giants are a class of radial velocity (RV) variables. One reason for
this variability are planetary companions which are indicated in time series of
stellar spectra. Since 2004 these spectra in the visual range were obtained
with the high resolution coud\'e \'echelle spectrograph mounted on the 2m
telescope of the Th\"uringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (TLS) for a northern
sample of 62 very bright K giants. In the South around 300 G and K giants were
observed with HARPS mounted on the 3.6m telescope on La Silla. The TLS sample
contains at least 11 stars (18 %) which show low-amplitude, long-period RV
variations most likely due to planets. This percentage of planet frequency is
confirmed by preliminary results of the HARPS study. Moreover the TLS survey
seems to indicate that giant planets do not favour metal-rich stars, are more
massive, and have longer periods than those found around solar-type host stars.Comment: Part of PlanetsbeyondMS/2010 proceedings
http://arxiv.org/html/1011.660
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Polymeric nanobiotics as a novel treatment for mycobacterial infections.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remains a major challenge to global health, made worse by the spread of multi-drug resistance. Currently, the efficacy and safety of treatment is limited by difficulties in achieving and sustaining adequate tissue antibiotic concentrations while limiting systemic drug exposure to tolerable levels. Here we show that nanoparticles generated from a polymer-antibiotic conjugate ('nanobiotics') deliver sustained release of active drug upon hydrolysis in acidic environments, found within Mtb-infected macrophages and granulomas, and can, by encapsulation of a second antibiotic, provide a mechanism of synchronous drug delivery. Nanobiotics are avidly taken up by infected macrophages, enhance killing of intracellular Mtb, and are efficiently delivered to granulomas and extracellular mycobacterial cords in vivo in an infected zebrafish model. We demonstrate that isoniazid (INH)-derived nanobiotics, alone or with additional encapsulation of clofazimine (CFZ), enhance killing of mycobacteria in vitro and in infected zebrafish, supporting the use of nanobiotics for Mtb therapy and indicating that nanoparticles generated from polymer-small molecule conjugates might provide a more general solution to delivering co-ordinated combination chemotherapy.Rosetrees Trust Interdisciplinary Prize 2015
Wellcome Trust awards 107032/Z/15/Z and 10/H0305/55
NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre Award
MRC AMR Theme award MR/N02995X/1
Marie-Curie IF CFZEBRA 75197
Gerechtigkeit in flexiblen Arbeits- und Managementprozessen
Engels G, Maier GW, Ătting SK, Steffen E, Teetz A. Gerechtigkeit in flexiblen Arbeits- und Managementprozessen. In: Wischmann S, Hartmann EA, eds. Zukunft der Arbeit. Eine praxisnahe Betrachtung. Autonomik Industrie 4.0. Berlin: Springer Vieweg; 2018: 221-231
Ergebnis der selektiven Verpaarung beim Entlebucher Sennenhund zur Reduktion der ureteralen Ektopie
Outcome of selective mating in the Entlebucher Mountain Dog for reduction of ureteral ectopia
The Entlebucher Mountain Dog is predisposed to ureteral ectopia and associated diseases of the urinary tract as well as the kidneys, which can have severe to lethal consequences. Due to the clustered occurrence of clinical signs in 11â% of Entlebucher Mountain dogs in the absence of a genetic test for ureteral ectopia, screening was introduced in 2008 to allow phenotype-based breeding selection. The ureteral orifices of the dogs are visualized by ultrasound and existing urinary retention or urinary incontinence is documented. The diagnostic findings were evaluated centrally with assignment to one of five phenotypes depending on the localization of the ureteral orifices and the renal and ureteral shape. Breeding approval and mating restrictions are the responsibility of the respective breeding associations and predominantly Entlebucher Mountain Dogs with extravesical ectopic ureters and/or clinical signs were excluded from breeding. The effect of phenotype-based selective mating on the incidence of ureteral ectopia and its clinical signs, as well as possible factors influencing the expression of the phenotype, were determined in the birth cohorts after the introduction of screening. Analysis of the data set of 1456 phenotyped Entlebucher Mountain Dogs showed, that at 11â% versus 5â%, males were more frequently assigned to the extravesical phenotype than females. The effect of phenotype-based breeding selection was examined in a subpopulation consisting of phenotyped parents and their offspring (n = 876). The prevalence of the extravesical phenotype decreased from 24â% in the 2005 to 2007 birth cohorts to 1,4â% in the 2015 to 2017 birth cohorts. Since 2015 almost no Entlebucher Mountain Dogs with incontinence, hydroureter or hydronephrosis have been recorded. It was feared that the additional selection measures to control ureteral ectopia in the small Entlebucher Mountain Dog population would intensify the inbreeding increase. However, this has so far remained absent. Therefore, as long as no genetic test is available, it is recommended to continue phenotype-based breeding selection with exclusion of dogs with extravesical ureteral ectopia and/or hydroureter/hydronephrosis/urinary incontinence, while keeping an eye on the development of the inbreeding coefficient.
Keywords: Ectopic ureter, Dog, Inbreeding, Phenotype, Breeding selection
Deutsch
Ergebnis der selektiven Verpaarung beim Entlebucher Sennenhund zur Reduktion der ureteralen Ektopie
Der Entlebucher Sennenhund ist prĂ€disponiert fĂŒr die ureterale Ektopie und damit fĂŒr assoziierte Erkrankungen der Harnwege sowie der Nieren, was schwerwiegende bis letale Folgen haben kann. Aufgrund des gehĂ€uften Auftretens klinischer Symptome bei 11â% der Entlebucher Sennenhunde wurde in Ermangelung eines Gentests auf ureterale Ektopie 2008 ein Screening eingefĂŒhrt, um eine PhĂ€notyp-basierte Zuchtselektion zu ermöglichen. Die UretermĂŒndungen der Hunde werden in der Regel mittels Ultraschall lokalisiert und bestehender HarnrĂŒckstau oder Harninkontinenz wird dokumentiert. Die Befundung erfolgte zentral mit einer Zuordnung zu einem von fĂŒnf PhĂ€notypen in AbhĂ€ngigkeit von der Lokalisation der UretermĂŒndungen sowie der Nieren â und Ureterengestalt. Die Zuchtzulassung und VerpaarungsbeschrĂ€nkungen obliegen den jeweiligen ZuchtverbĂ€nden, wobei ĂŒberwiegend Entlebucher Sennenhunde mit extravesikal ektopischen Ureteren und/oder klinischen Symptomen von der Zucht ausgeschlossen wurden. Die Auswirkung der PhĂ€notyp-basierten selektiven Verpaarung auf das Auftreten der ureteralen Ektopie und deren klinischen Symptome sowie mögliche Einflussfaktoren auf die AusprĂ€gung des PhĂ€notyps wurden in den Geburtsjahren nach EinfĂŒhrung des Screenings ermittelt. Die Analyse des Datensatzes mit 1456 phĂ€notypisierten Entlebucher Sennenhunden zeigte, dass mit 11â% versus 5â% RĂŒden hĂ€ufiger als HĂŒndinnen dem extravesikalen PhĂ€notyp zugeteilt wurden. Die Auswirkung der PhĂ€notyp-basierten Zuchtselektion wurde an einer Teilpopulation, bestehend aus phĂ€notypisierten Elterntieren und ihren Nachkommen (n = 876), untersucht. Die PrĂ€valenz des extravesikalen PhĂ€notyps nahm von 24â% bei den Geburtsjahren 2005 bis 2007 auf 1,4â% bei den Geburtsjahren 2015 bis 2017 ab. Seit 2015 wurden nahezu keine Entlebucher Sennenhunde mehr mit Inkontinenz, Hydroureter oder Hydronephrose erfasst. BefĂŒrchtet wurde, dass die zusĂ€tzlichen Selektionsmassnahmen zur BekĂ€mpfung der ureteralen Ektopie in der kleinen Entlebucher Sennenhundepopulation den Inzuchtanstieg verstĂ€rken wĂŒrde. Dies blieb bisher jedoch aus. Daher wird, solange kein genetischer Test zur VerfĂŒgung steht, empfohlen, die PhĂ€notyp-basierte Zuchtselektion mit Ausschluss von Hunden mit extravesikaler ureteraler Ektopie und/oder Hydroureter/Hydronephrose/Harninkontinenz vorerst weiterzufĂŒhren und gleichzeitig die Entwicklung des Inzuchtkoeffizienten im Auge zu behalten.
SchlĂŒsselwörter: Ektopischer Ureter, Hund, Inzucht, PhĂ€notyp, Zuchtselektion
Français
RĂ©sultat de lâaccouplement sĂ©lectif chez le bouvier de lâEntlebuch pour rĂ©duire lâectopie urĂ©tĂ©rale
Le Bouvier de lâEntlebuch est prĂ©disposĂ© Ă lâectopie urĂ©tĂ©rale et aux maladies associĂ©es des voies urinaires ainsi que des reins, ce qui peut entraĂźner des consĂ©quences fatales. En raison de lâapparition de signes cliniques chez 11â% des chiens et en lâabsence dâun test gĂ©nĂ©tique pour lâectopie urĂ©tĂ©rale, un dĂ©pistage a Ă©tĂ© introduit en 2008 pour permettre une sĂ©lection dâĂ©levage basĂ©e sur le phĂ©notype. Les orifices urĂ©traux des chiens ont Ă©tĂ© visualisĂ©s par Ă©chographie et la rĂ©tention ou lâincontinence urinaire existante documentĂ©e. Les rĂ©sultats du diagnostic ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©s de maniĂšre centralisĂ©e avec attribution Ă lâun des cinq phĂ©notypes en fonction de la localisation des orifices urĂ©tĂ©raux ainsi que de la forme des reins et des uretĂšres. Lâapprobation pour la reproduction et les restrictions dâaccouplement relĂšvent de la responsabilitĂ© des associations dâĂ©levage respectives et les bouviers de lâEntlebuch prĂ©sentant des uretĂšres ectopiques extravĂ©sicaux et/ou des signes cliniques ont majoritairement Ă©tĂ© exclus de la reproduction. Lâeffet de cet accouplement sĂ©lectif basĂ© sur le phĂ©notype sur lâincidence de lâectopie urĂ©tĂ©rale et de ses signes cliniques ainsi que les facteurs possibles influençant lâexpression du phĂ©notype ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©terminĂ©s dans les cohortes de naissance aprĂšs lâintroduction du dĂ©pistage. Lâanalyse de lâensemble des donnĂ©es de 1456 Bouviers de lâEntlebuch phĂ©notypĂ©s a montrĂ© que, Ă 11â% contre 5â%, les mĂąles Ă©taient plus frĂ©quemment affectĂ©s au phĂ©notype extravĂ©sical que les femelles. Lâeffet de la sĂ©lection dâĂ©levage basĂ©e sur le phĂ©notype a Ă©tĂ© examinĂ© dans une sous-population composĂ©e de parents phĂ©notypĂ©s et de leur progĂ©niture (n = 876). La prĂ©valence du phĂ©notype extravĂ©sical est passĂ©e de 24â% dans les cohortes de naissance de 2005 Ă 2007 Ă 1,4â% dans les cohortes de naissance de 2015 Ă 2017. Depuis 2015, presque aucun bouvier dâEntlebuch prĂ©sentant une incontinence, un hydrouretĂšre ou une hydronĂ©phrose nâa Ă©tĂ© enregistrĂ©. Une possible augmentation de la consanguinitĂ© due aux mesures de sĂ©lection supplĂ©mentaires visant Ă contrĂŽler lâectopie urĂ©tĂ©rale ne sâest pas produite. Par consĂ©quent, tant quâaucun test gĂ©nĂ©tique nâest disponible, il est recommandĂ© de poursuivre la sĂ©lection dâĂ©levage basĂ©e sur le phĂ©notype avec exclusion des chiens prĂ©sentant une ectopie urĂ©tĂ©rale extravĂ©sicale et/ou une hydrouretĂšre/hydronĂ©phrose/incontinence urinaire, tout en surveillant lâĂ©volution du coefficient de consanguinitĂ©.
Mots-clĂ©s: auretĂšre ectopique, chien, consanguinitĂ©, phĂ©notype, sĂ©lection dâĂ©levage
Italiano
Risultato dell'accoppiamento selettivo nel cane da montagna Entlebuch per ridurre l'ectopia ureterale
Il bovaro dellâEntlebuch Ăš predisposto allâectopia ureterale e quindi alle malattie che sono correlate al tratto urinario e renale con possibili conseguenze letali. A causa della frequente comparsa di segni clinici nellâ11â% dei cani e in assenza di un test genetico per lâectopia ureterale, nel 2008 Ăš stato introdotto uno screening per consentire la selezione fenotipica dei riproduttori. Gli orifizi ureterali dei cani sono solitamente localizzato tramite ecografia e viene documentata la presenza di ritenzione o incontinenza urinaria. I risultati sono stati valutati in modo centralizzato e si Ăš assegnato il risultato a uno dei cinque fenotipi a seconda della localizzazione degli orifizi ureterali e della forma dei reni e degli ureteri. Lâautorizzazione allâallevamento e le restrizioni allâaccoppiamento sono di competenza delle rispettive associazioni di allevatori e i bovari dellâEntlebuch con ureteri ectopici extravescicali e/o con segni clinici sono stati prevalentemente esclusi dalla riproduzione. Lâeffetto dellâaccoppiamento selettivo, basato sul fenotipo per rapporto allâincidenza dellâectopia ureterale e dei suoi segni clinici, nonchĂ© dei possibili fattori che influenzano lâespressione del fenotipo, Ăš stato determinato nelle coorti di nascita dopo lâintroduzione dello screening. Lâanalisi del set di dati di 1456 bovari dellâEntlebuch fenotipizzati ha dimostrato che, con una percentuale dellâ11â% rispetto al 5â%, i maschi erano piĂč frequentemente assegnati al fenotipo extravescicale rispetto alle femmine. Lâeffetto della selezione riproduttiva basata sul fenotipo Ăš stato esaminato in una subpopolazione composta da genitori fenotipizzati e dalla loro discendenza (n = 876). La prevalenza del fenotipo extravescicale Ăš diminuita dal 24â% nelle coorti di nascita dal 2005 al 2007 allâ1,4â% nelle coorti di nascita dal 2015 al 2017. Dal 2015 non sono stati registrati quasi piĂč bovari dellâEntlebuch con incontinenza, idrouretere o idronefrosi. Non si Ăš riscontrato un possibile aumento della consanguineitĂ dovuto alle misure di selezione aggiuntive per controllare lâectopia ureterale. Pertanto, finchĂ© non Ăš disponibile un test genetico, si raccomanda di continuare la selezione fenotipica con lâesclusione dei cani con ectopia ureterale extravescicale e/o idrouretere/idronefrosi/incontinenza urinaria, facendo particolare attenzione allâandamento del coefficiente di consanguineitĂ .
Parole chiavi: Uretere ectopico, cane, consanguineitĂ , fenotipo, selezione riproduttiv
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