PARTICULARIDADES NA INSEMINAÇÃO ARTIFICIAL EM TEMPO FIXO DE BUBALINOS NA AMAZÔNIA

Artificial insemination in buffaloes in the Amazon is 39 years old, the first occurred in 1981, on the island of Marajo. Between 1976 and 1980, research focused on the particularities of sexual behavior and semen collection strategies and later on cryopreservation. Approximately 6.000 buffaloes have already been inseminated in the Amazon, and not yet, more than 0.87% of the herd were inseminated. In conventional insemination to the at the expense of weak expression in heat, the use of the heat detector bull is essential. In extensive breeding, insemination should be preceded by vaccinations and uterine sterilization. The intra-vaginal progesterone device of 2nd and 3rd uses and single dose, showed good results. Buffaloes with ECC 3.0 to 3.75 the use of eCG is not necessary. The hydrography of the Amazon River influences the logistics of the IATF. September to December (dry river season) we consider the breeding season to be favorable for breeding in the creations in flooded area.  In high land creations, the favorable season occurs between the months of January to June, (rainiest season). The most used protocol is Ovsynch, Ovsynch associated with progesterone and the protocol (-D30) first vaccine dose; on day zero (D0); vaccine booster and intravaginal progesterone, BE or GnRH device; (D9) PGF2α, eCG; (D11) GnRH and on the 12th (D12) IATF. Prevent stress and trauma before insemination, use shaded places, water at will and immediate release after the service avoid sexually immature heifers, use multíparas cows to maintain or gain weight. The pregnancy rate is between 20 and 70% and the average is 52.6%.A Inseminação artificial em bubalinos na Amazônia completa 39 anos, a primeira ocorreu 1981, na ilha do Marajó. Entre 1976 a 1980 pesquisas se concentraram nas particularidades do comportamento sexual e das estratégias de colheita do sêmen e posteriormente na criopreservação. Aproximadamente 6.000 búfalas já foram inseminadas, na Amazônia, e ainda não, insemina-se mais de 0,87% do rebanho. Na inseminação convencional em detrimento da fraca expressão no cio, o uso do rufião é fundamental. Em criações extensivas a inseminação deve ser precedida de vacinações e esterilização uterina.  O dispositivo intra-vaginal de progesterona de 2° e 3° usos e dose única, apresentaram bons resultados. Búfalas com ECC 3,0 a 3,75 é dispensável o uso do eCG. A hidrografia do rio Amazonas influencia na logística da IATF. Setembro a dezembro (época de vazante) consideramos a estação de reprodução favorável em criações na várzea. Em criações de terra firme a estação favorável ocorre entre os meses de janeiro a junho, (estação mais chuvosa). O protocolo mais usado é o Ovsynch, Ovsynch associado a progesterona e o protocolo (-D30) primeira dose de vacina; no dia zero (D0); reforço vacinal e dispositivo intra-vaginal de progesterona, BE ou GnRH; (D9) PGF2α, eCG; (D11) GnRH e no dia doze (D12), IATF. Evitar estresse e traumas antes das inseminações, usar locais sombreado, água a vontade e liberação imediata após o serviço, evitar novilhas imaturas sexualmente, usar vacas multíparas mantendo ou ganhando o peso. A taxa de prenhes está entre 20 a 70% e a média em 52,6%

ULTRASOUND AS TOOL FOR DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES OF THE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT BULLS

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate by ultrasound and breeding soundness examination (BSE) the major diseases affecting the reproductive system of Nelore bulls, bred extensively in the state of Para, Brazil. Fifty-nine pure Nelore bulls were used, aged between 5 to 10 years, raised extensively in a commercial farm in the municipality of Paragominas, Pará state, Brazil.  Scrotal circumference, testicular length and width were measured. Semen collection for evaluation of ejaculate volume, turbulence, motility, vigor, concentration and sperm pathologies was performed. Ultrasound examination was performed by equipment type Ultrasonic Transducer - CHISON/D600vet, linear transducers, where the frequency used was 5 MHz, being held two images of each testis, the longitudinal-lateral, lateral and transverse planes. The images were processed using the program Image J. The data were analyzed using the statistical program SAS (2000) and means were compared using Tukey's test (p 0.05). Thus, it can be concluded that ultrasonography is an essential complementary tool in the diagnosis of reproductive disorders in animals subjected to BSE and its use should be recommended

Eficiência reprodutiva e enfermidades reprodutivas em rebanho Nelore PO na região oeste do Estado do Pará, Brasil

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a eficiência reprodutiva e identificar a incidência de enfermidades reprodutivas em animais PO da raça Nelore através de exame clínico reprodutivo das fêmeas e levantamento retrospectivo, através de registros da propriedade, obtendo o período de serviço (PS) e intervalo entre partos (IEP). O PS e o IEP médios foram de 224 e 510 dias respectivamente. Os índices reprodutivos de IEP e PS encontrados no presente estudo, foram maiores aos relatados na literatura para animais da raça Nelore, criados no ambiente amazônico. A taxa de prenhez foi de 70,7%. As principais ocorrências reprodutivas foram o anestro prolongado (36,5%) e o anestro pós-parto (31,7%). Os índices reprodutivos dos animais durante a estação chuvosa foram mais eficientes em relação à estação seca, provavelmente devido à melhor qualidade das pastagens. A identificação precoce dos distúrbios reprodutivos permite o tratamento ou descarte dos animais, reduzindo custos e melhorando os índices reprodutivos dos rebanhos

OCORRÊNCIA DE TUMOR VENÉREO TRANSMISSIVEL EM CÃES ATENDIDOS NO HOVET - PA UFRA

The objective was to verify the occurrence of the transmissible venereal tumor in canines attended at (UFRA), Campus Belém / Pará, from March 2016 to September 2019. The information was obtained from the SISVET® program (Veterinary System). A total of 3,714 records were analyzed regarding the animals served and sent to the animal reproduction sector. Of this total, 155 were from dogs diagnosed with transmissible venereal tumor and 8 negative cases, 102 females and 53 males. The data were tabulated in an electronic spreadsheet, submitted to statistical analysis using the SAS® Universty Edition software regarding the frequency of occurrences, the influence of the age group, sex, race, through the Chi-Square test with 5% significance. Of the 155 cases of TVT diagnosed, 102 (65.81%) were in females and 53 (34.19%) males, with prevalence in SRD (72.86%) and in adults (54.19%). As for the site of involvement, 32.26% were in vulva and 20% in the body of the penis. Regarding the neighborhoods, there was a predominance in Guamá with 25 cases (15.59%). Thus, it is concluded that TVT was more frequent in SRD females and in adult dogs. Vulva 50 (32.26%), vagina 46 (29.68%) and penis 31 (20%) were the most affected sites.O objetivo foi verificar a ocorrência do tumor venéreo transmissível em caninos atendidos na (UFRA), Campus Belém/Pará, no período de março de 2016 a setembro de 2019. As informações foram obtidas no programa SISVET® (Sistema Veterinário). Foram analisados 3.714 registros referentes aos animais atendidos e encaminhados ao setor de reprodução animal. Desse total, 155 eram de cães diagnosticados com tumor venéreo transmissível e 8 casos negativos, sendo 102 fêmeas e 53 machos. Os dados foram tabulados em planilha eletrônica, submetidos à análise estatística no software SAS® Universty Edition quanto à frequência de ocorrências, influência da faixa etária, sexo, raça, por meio do teste qui-quadrado com 5% de significância. Dos 155 casos de TVT diagnosticados, 102 (65,81%) eram do sexo feminino e 53 (34,19%) do sexo masculino, com prevalência em SRD (72,86%) e em adultos (54,19%). Quanto ao local de acometimento, 32,26% foram na vulva e 20% no corpo do pênis. Em relação aos bairros, houve predominância no Guamá com 25 casos (15,59%). Assim, conclui-se que o TVT foi mais frequente em fêmeas SRD e em cães adultos. Vulva 50 (32,26%), vagina 46 (29,68%) e pênis 31 (20%) foram os locais mais acometidos

Comparative evaluation between the extenders TES-TRIS and ACP-112® and the association of Sálva Marajó oil (Lippia origanoides) in the quality of cryopreserved buffalo sperm

For artificial insemination, it is essential to use frozen semen, however the freezing process causes deleterious changes to the structure and integrity of sperm membranes that compromise the function of sperm. To avoid this cellular damage, extenders and suitable substrates must be used to recover the highest possible number of viable cells post-thaw. To this end, in the first experiment, we evaluated three different extenders: TES-TRIS, which is widely used for buffaloes; and an extender composed of powdered coconut water-based (ACP-112®) with or without milk (ACP-112®-milk) for buffalo semen freezing. In the second experiment, we evaluated the effect of Lippia origanoides oil extract on protecting buffalo sperm against cryoinjury arising from freezing semen. Semen was collected from ten buffalo bulls (10 ejaculates/bull) and diluted in TES-TRIS (control), ACP-112® or ACP-112®-Milk in the first experiment. In the second experiment, the samples were diluted in the diluent with the best results for sperm quality obtained in experiment I, and 2.5 ?g mL-1, 5 ?g mL-1 or 10 ?g mL-1 of the plant extract was added to treatments; and a control group containing only the diluent was also included. The fresh semen was analyzed for conventional features such as motility, concentration, morphology and viability. After thawing, the samples were evaluated again for motility, vigor and supra-vital staining, and then, were performed the of thermal-resistance test, hypoosmotic test and evaluated sperm membrane integrity with the fluorescent probes PI, FITC-PSA and JC-1 using flow cytometry. The data were submitted to ANOVA, and the results were compared by Tukey’s test at a significance of 5%. In the first experiment, the extender TES-TRIS showed better results for the various characteristics evaluated compared to ACP-112® and ACP-112®-Milk (P 0.05). Based on these data, we demonstrated the beneficial effects of TES-TRIS for post-thaw buffalo sperm quality; however, no protective effect was observed for buffalo sperm cryopreserved with the different tested concentrations of Lippia origanoides extract oil

Diagnóstico investigativo de patologias no trato genital de búfalas criadas extensivamente, no estado do Amapá, Amazônia, Brasil

RESUMO. Ribeiro H.F.L., Mourão F.R.P., Monteiro F.J.C., Rolim Filho S.T. & Vale W.G. Diagnosis of investigative pathology in the genital tract of buffaloes raised extensively in the state of Amapá, Amazon, Brazil. [Diagnóstico investigativo de patologias no trato genital de búfalas criadas extensivamente, no estado do Amapá, Amazônia, Brasil.] Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 38(4):358-364, 2016. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa 1, Campus Universitário do Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] A investigação nos 1000 tratos genitais foi realizada em dois matadouros no Município de Macapá, Estado do Amapá e consistiu em exames macroscópicos e microscópicos dos ovários, tubas uterina, útero e cérvice. As observações de cada genitália foram documentadas em fichas especiais, com anotações detalhadas de todas as alterações diagnosticadas, com as genitálias foram classificadas em: gestante e não gestante, com ou sem patologias, respectivamente e coletados fragmentos patológicos e fixados em formol tamponado a 10%, para a realização de exames histopatológicos. Do total investigado 661 (66,10%) tratos genitais estavam gestantes e 339 (33,90%) não gestantes. Dos 1000 tratos genitais, 840 (84,00%) apresentavam-se normais, e, destes, 575 (57,50%) gestantes, e as demais 265 (26,5%) não gestantes. Entre os 661 tratos genitais gestantes, 412 (62,3%) encontravam-se no corno direito e 249 (37,7%) no corno esquerdo. 160 tratos genitais (16,0%) apresentavam patologias, sendo que 86 (8,6%) estavam gestantes e 74 (7,4%) não gestantes. Dentre as 160 (16,00%) patologias diagnosticadas, as mais prevalentes foram as 114 (11,4%) na tuba uterina, seguida pelas 30 (3,0%) no ovário e 16 (1,6%) no útero ou cérvice. As alterações de maior prevalência foram as aderências da trompa uterina, a distrofia ovariana e as endometrites

REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF BUFFALOES RAISED IN FLOODPLAIN AND MAIN LAND IN PARÁ STATE. I. AGE AT FIRST CALVING, INTER CALVING INTERVAL, CALVING SEASON, REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY AND PREGNANCY RATES. DESEMPENHO REPRODUTIVO DE FÊMEAS BUBALINAS CRIADAS EM SISTEMA MISTO (VÁRZEA E PASTAGEM ARTIFICIAL) NO ESTADO DO PARÁ. I. IDADE A PRIMEIRA CRIA, INTERVALO ENTRE PARTOS, EPOCA DE PARIÇÃO, EFICIÊNCIA REPRODUTIVA E TAXA DE PRENHEZ

The objective of this work was to evaluate the reproductive efficiency of a buffaloes flock raised in a productive system of river and main land/artificial pasture in Belém County, Pará, state. Data on 770 female buffaloes in a total of 2115 parturition registers have been analyzed. From this herd 57 animals were submitted to gynecological examination and selected according to the body score condition (BSC) in a scale of (1-5) and inseminated in a program of fixed time for artificial insemination (FTAI). The animals were divided in two groups, the Group 1 (G1) with 31 animals and Group 2 (G2) with 26 animals, both synchronized by the protocol Ovsynch and inseminated in fixed time with 00:00h and 24:00h after of GnRH. The age for first parturition (AFP) for the whole herd was  39.52±7.54 months. The AFP related to the natural mating (NM), artificial insemination (AI) and fixed timed artificial insemination (FTAI), was of 39.5±6.58; 39.6±9.85 and 36.6±7.12 months, respectively. Considering the seasonal rain annual distribution, the AFP and the calving interval (CI) was 39.40±7.29 and 38.74±7.76,  17.09±4.71 and 16.54±3.74 months, for rainy and less rainy period, respectively,  with a concentration between March to August through 1974 and 2005. The overall average for CI 16.54±3.74 meses months. Moreover, according to the reproductive system employed, natural mated (NM), AI and FTAI was17.31, 18.43 and 20.79 months, respectively. The overall reproductive efficiency (RE) was of 0.67±0.13, and for the animals submitted to the NM, AI and FTAI was 0.69; 0.56; 0.63 respectively. The pregnancy rates obtained for each group, taking in account the moment or time for artificial insemination and the application of GnRH was of 25.81%(08/31) in the animals inseminated on 00:00h and of 30,77 % (08/26) in the inseminated on 24:00h.<br /><br />KEY WORDS: Buffaloes, calving interval, reproductive efficiency.<br /><br /> O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a eficiência reprodutiva de bubalinos criados em sistema misto (várzea e terra firme/pastagem artificial) em uma fazenda experimental no município de Belém, Estado do Pará. Analisaram-se 770 registros de fêmeas bubalinas, entre 1974 a 2005, totalizando 2.115 registros de partos. Selecionaram-se 57 búfalas, para a inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF), as quais foram divididas em dois grupos – grupo 1 (G1) com 31 animais e grupo 2 (G2) com 26 –, submetidas à sincronização pelo protocolo Ovsynch e inseminadas com 00:00h (G1) e 24:00h (G2), após a última aplicação de GnRH. A média de idade ao primeiro parto (IPP) do rebanho foi de 39,52±7,54. As médias e os desvios-padrão para idade ao primeiro parto (IPP) e sua relação com os sistemas de monta natural (MN), inseminação artificial (IA) e inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF) foram de 39,5±6,58; 39,6±9,85 e 36,6±7,12 meses respectivamente. Considerando-se o período climático, na época mais chuvosa, as médias da IPP e do intervalo entre partos (IEP) foram de 39,40±7,29 e 17,09±4,71, e na menos chuvosa, de 38,74±7,76 e 18,89±4,27 meses, respectivamente. A média do IEP do rebanho foi de 16,54±3,74 meses. Em relação ao sistema de reprodução, essa média variou para 17,31 (MN), 18,43 (IA), e 20,79 (IATF) meses. Houve uma maior concentração dos partos entre os meses de março e agosto. A média e desvio-padrão da eficiência reprodutiva (ER) do rebanho foi de 0.67±0,13 e para os sistemas de MN, IA e IATF, apresentando médias de 0,69; 0,56; 0,63, respectivamente. A taxa de prenhez foi 25,81% (08/31) nos animais inseminados em 00:00h e de 30,77 % (08/26) nos inseminados com 24:00h após a aplicação de GnRH.<br /><br />PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Bubalinos, eficiência reprodutiva, intervalo entre partos.<br /&gt

Comparison between Tris, Lactose/Tris, Ringer- Lactate and Skim Milk as extenders to deep freezing buffalo semen

ABSTRACT. Miyasaki M.Y.A., Vale W.G., Baía F.A.C., Minervino A.H.H., Ribeiro, H.F.L. & Miyasaki M.T.A. [Comparison between Tris, Lactose/Tris, Ringer- Lactate and Skim Milk as extenders to deep freezing buffalo semen.] Comparação entre o Tris, Lactose/Tris, Ringer-Lactato e Leite Desnatado como diluidores na criopreservação do sêmen bubalino. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 36(1):1-10, 2014. Instituto de Biodiversidade e Florestas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Campus Tapajós, Rua Vera Paz, s/n, Santarém, PA 68035-110, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] The objective of the present experiment was to test the effectiveness of different extenders, as TRIS (hydroxymethyl-amino-methil-methan), Lactose/ TRIS, Ringer-Lactate and Skim Milk, for deep freezing and cryopreservation of buffalo semen. Three male Murrah buffaloes were submitted to semen collection through artificial vagina, totaling 71 ejaculates. After collection, each sample was subjected to analysis of physical and morphological characteristics of semen. The ejaculates were fractionated, diluted and frozen in four diluents. After deep freezing process the frozen semen were thawed at 40°C for 30 seconds and sequentially evaluated for motility, vigor, acrosome damage, and percentage of sperm abnormalities. The thermo-resistance test (TCT) was used to evaluate the post-thawing of motility and sperm vigor characteristics at 3-5 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours of incubation. After thawing the spermatic vigor decreased significantly (p 0.05), however no statistical differences were observed when compared with each other (p>0. 05). In the post-Thermo Resistance Test, after three hours of incubation, motility and sperm vigor showed no statistical difference between treatments (p 0.05). Notwithstanding, the observed results allowed to be concluded that the four extenders used have demonstrated satisfactory function when used in deep freezing of buffalo semen, with adequate technical and economic feasibility for this biotechnology applied to animal species used

Reprodutive characteristics of the female paca (Agouti paca) raised in captivity

The objective of this paper was to study the reproductive biology of the Agouti paca raised in captivity. It was observed that the estrous cycle average was 32.5 + 3.7 days, gestation length 148.6 + 4.8 days, parturition interval 224.5 + 52.2 days, and the first post-partum 25.6 + 8.8 days. It was also observed that 55.5% of the females presented two parturitions per year with one young per parturition, of which 44.7% were females and 55.3% were males. The birth weight was 605.9 + 87.8 g for females and 736.7 + 108.4 g for males (P<0.05). Puberty in females occurred between 8 to 12 months; for this, however, more detailed investigations are necessary.O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar a biologia reprodutiva da Agouti paca criada em cativeiro. Os resultados demonstraram que, a duração média do ciclo estral foi de 32,5 + 3,7 dias e o período gestacional de 148,6 + 4,8 dias. O intervalo entre partos foi de 224,5 + 52,2 dias e o primeiro cio pós-parto foi de 25,6 + 8,8 dias. A maioria (55,6 %) das fêmeas apresentou dois partos por ano, com o nascimento de um filhote por parto, sendo 44,7 % fêmeas e 55,3 % machos. Ao nascer o peso médio das fêmeas foi de 605,9 + 87,5 g e dos machos 736,7 + 108,4 g (P < 0,05). A puberdade das fêmeas ocorreu entre o 8º e 12º mês, porém neste aspecto são necessárias investigações mais detalhadas.UFPA - Universidade Federal do Par

Polymorphisms in Osteopontin Gene in Amazon Buffaloes

The aim of this work was to identify polymorphisms in the osteopontin gene. It was used in this experiment 306 male buffaloes, older than 18 months, bred in two farms, one in the State of Amapa and the other farm in the State of Para. There was identified three SNP polymorphisms for the region amplified by the primer OS4 (5'upstream) and four SNP polymorphisms for the region amplified by the primer OS9 (exon 5 to exon 6). The polymorphisms were in positions 1478, 1513 and 1611 in the region amplified by OS4 and positions 6690, 6737, 6925 and 6952 in the region amplified by OS9. These data indicate that the osteopontin gene is important because it can have a substantial influence on the reproductive traits of male buffaloes