The Survey of the Agroeconomical Potential of Hungary - A Brief Summary

This paper deals with two subjects: first we give a short account of "The Survey of the Agroecological Potential of Hungary" and then we outline a model for regional allocation of agricultural investment. The latter model is going to be a component of a model system developed for the methodology for the Hungarian Task 2 Case Study of the "Analysis of the Impacts of Technological Development on Production and the Environment". The first subject is not connected with IIASA research but the results of the ecological survey project can serve as a data basis for the planned case study now under way. The first chapter contains, besides the description of the data basis, a short summary of the main goals of the study and also of its methodology. In the second chapter we give the concept of the investment submodel of the planned model system of the Hungarian Task 2 case study. This paper was prepared by Z. Harnos, Head of Department, Bureau for Systems Analysis (Budapest) during his visits to the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (Food and Agriculture Program) in December 1980

Turbulent helium gas cell as a new paradigm of daily meteorological fluctuations?

We compare the spectral properties of long meteorological temperature records with laboratory measurements in small convection cells. Surprisingly, the atmospheric boundary layer sampled on a daily scale shares the statistical properties of temperature fluctuations in small-scale experiments. This fact can be explained by the hydrodynamical similarity between these seemingly very different systems. The results suggest that the dynamics of daily temperature fluctuations is determined by the soft turbulent state of the atmospheric boundary layer in continental climate.Comment: 10 pages Late

Perspectives for Developing the Land Component of the Biosphere Program

One of the goals of IIASA's Biosphere Project is to develop strategic frameworks showing the net impact of human activities on properties of the environment that are relevant for sustainable human development. The first contribution to this goal was the paper by Paul Crutzen and Thomas Graedel on "The role of atmospheric chemistry in environment -- development interactions", published in W.C. Clark and R.E. Munn, eds. (1986): Sustainable Development of the Biosphere (Cambridge University Press). In this paper the author begins the task of shaping a complementary framework for the land/soil system. The challenge is in many ways greater than that for the atmosphere, due to the extreme spatial heterogeneity of soil systems. This paper is especially useful as an effort to bridge the gap that normally separates the microscale of studies of soil dynamics from the macroscale surveys of soil state and classification

Befektetési célú ingatlanok értékelése magyar és nemzetközi számviteli környezetben

A számviteli törvény módosítása 2017-től már a vállalatok széles köre számára teszi lehetővé a Nemzetközi Pénzügyi Beszámolási Standardok alkalmazására való áttérést. A két rendszerben alkalmazható értékelési elvek és módszerek több tekintetben is eltérnek egymástól, ezért az áttérés a könyvelők, a könyvvizsgálók, valamint az értékbecslők számára is megfelelő ismereteket igényel. A kutatás a vállalatok eszközei közül a befektetési célból tartott ingatlanokra fókuszál. A tanulmány összeveti a magyar és a nemzetközi számviteli szabályozást, valamint az ingatlanvagyon-értékelői gyakorlatot. Végül kísérletet tesz az áttéréshez kapcsolódó értékelési feladatok meghatározására. Since 2017, the modification of the Accounting Act makes possible to a wide range of companies to switch over the application of International Financial Reporting Standards. In the two systems used valuation methods and principles differ in many respects, therefore the transition requires sufficient knowledge for accountants, auditors and valuers. The research, from the assets of the company, focuses on real estates are held for investment purposes. The study compares the Hungarian and international accounting rules, as well as the real estate valuation practice. Finally, an attempt is made to determine the assessment tasks related to the transition

Impact of Semi-arid Weather Conditions on Wheat and Maize Yield

In recent years the need for assessing land capability and planning production has grown. In this paper we try to describe the impact of the weather on crop yield in semi-arid regions where weather variability and uneven distributions of precipitation strongly influence the yield. We tried to describe the relationship between the variations in the yield and the weather parameters. We give an introduction to plant phenology, and the analysis of yield time series. We describe a simple soil moisture model and, using this model, we analyze the relationship between yield and soil moisture. Finally we show a more developed model for maize which starts from the relationship between relative yield decrease and relative evapotranspiration deficit

Cu and Cu2In nanoparticles supported on amorphised zeolites for the selective reduction of biomass derived carboxylic acids to alcohols

Octanoic acid (OA) was used as reactant with medium chain length to model the aliphatic carboxylic acids which can be produced by catalytic, thermochemical or biological degradation of biomass. A flow through reactor was applied at 21 bar total pressure (in general at 20 bar hydrogen and 1 bar octanoic acid partial pressures) and 330-380 °C. Cu A-, X- and Y-zeolite based catalysts were pretreated in hydrogen flow at 450 °C. During reduction/dehydration A- and X-zeolite structures collapsed and aluminosilicate supported copper catalysts were formed, which contain copper nanoparticles in high dispersion. The catalyst samples were modified by In2O3 co-catalyst. Fatty acid conversion activity of amorphized zeolite supported Cu catalysts and the yield of selectively produced alcohol can be increased drastically by In2O3 addition. Appearance of metallic indium can effectively rein in the step by step catalytic reduction at alkanol formation previous to dehydration of alcohols to alkenes and ethers

A study of the selective hydroconversion of biocarboxylic acids to bioalcohols over novel indium-nickel/zeolite catalysts using octanoic acid as model reactant

Octanoic acid (OA) was hydrotreated in a flow-through reactor at 21 bar total pressure and 240-340 °C over supported metal catalysts prepared from Ni-zeolites (A, X, P) by indium modification. The Ni-zeolites were activated first in H2 flow at 21 bar and 450 °C. While a fraction of the nickel got fully reduced, the zeolite structure became partially destructed. However, some nickel cations remained unreduced, therefore a large fraction of the crystalline zeolite structure was retained. The indium modification of the reduced Ni-zeolites generated bimetallic NiIn/Ni,H-zeolite catalysts having higher stability, hydroconversion activity, octanol selectivity, and lower hydrodecarbonylation activity than the parent partially destructed Ni-zeolite and the Adkins-type catalysts, commercially applied for the conversion of fatty acids to alcohols. © 2013 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary