Analiza antropologiczna materiału kostnego z wykopów nr 69 i 70 ze stanowiska Poznań-Ostrów Tumski 9/10

The purpose of this study was to estimate the sex, age structure and minimum number of individuals (MNI) of human skeletal remains found in trenches number 69 and 70 located in St Mary’s Church in Ostrów Tumski. A new methodology had to be created as a consequence of bone fragmentation and the absence of preserved anatomical system. The lower limit of the group was obtained by adding the number of particular bones found in their entirety to the number of ends of the same bone. Sex and age were determined on the basis of skulls. The best quantitative indicators for adult vs immature status were femurs. Somewhat less useful was tibias. Based on the new methodology, the MNI for excavation no. 69 was 17 adult, 6 immature; for in excavation no. 70, 229 adult, 17 immature. Femurs and tibias were distinguished by the best state of preservation due to their robustness and characteristic anatomical structure, which facilitated the identification of even small elements. The disadvantage of this research was that only the lower limit of the group could be determined

So-called dictionary equivalents confronted with parallel corpora (and the consequences for bilingual lexicography)

The study considers the question of whether (and how) bilingual dictionaries may be improved. The information presented in dictionaries has been confronted with textual reality (i.e., with examples of actual translations), based on the German expression fassungslos and its Polish equivalents in parallel texts. The author assumes that bilingual dictionaries are mainly used by language learners, while professional translators may consider them as one of many possible sources. In teaching, multiplying the possible equivalents or suggesting ad hoc solutions is generally not recommended. Despite the attempts at objectivizing lexicographic descriptions, which are made possible by using language corpora, it often turns out that the decisions made by dictionary authors are (and need to be) arbitrar

Suppression of apoptosis in the liver by systemic and local delivery of small-interfering RNAs

RNA interference (RNAi) is a sequence-specific gene-silencing mechanism triggered by double-stranded RNA. RNAi was shown to allow transient or stable knockdown of gene expression in a broad range of species and has been used successfully for functional genomic screens in mammalian cells and Caenorhabditis elegans. Standard therapeutic use of RNAi in clinical settings in humans has been hampered by the lack of effective methods to deliver the small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or short-hairpin RNA expression vectors into the diseased organs. In mice, systemic delivery of siRNAs by hydrodynamic intravascular injection leads to highly efficient uptake of siRNAs into the liver. Several groups demonstrated therapeutic use of RNAi in mouse models of acute liver failure or hepatitis B virus replication. This chapter will focus on the technical background of hydrodynamic and portal vein delivery techniques in mice and will give practical guidance for using these techniques for siRNA delivery into the liver

Zmiany w raportowaniu biznesowym na przestrzeni ostatnich lat

Sprawozdawczość finansowa podlega w ostatnich latach nieustającej krytyce. Uważa się, że nie jest ona w stanie sprostać rosnącym potrzebom i wymaganiom inwestorów, którzy nie zadowalają się już suchą informacją z raportów finansowych. Decyzje o lokowaniu kapitału wymagają obecnie danych o charakterze finansowym i niefinansowym, dobrowolnych ujawnień informacji niewymaganych prawem, o znacząco rozszerzonym zakresie, pozwalających na przewidywanie sytuacji finansowej i wyników jednostki w przyszłości. W erze społeczeństwa informacyjnego raport finansowy jednostki gospodarczej stopniowo ewoluuje w kierunku raportowania biznesowego. Inwestorzy potrzebują danych o znacznie większej przejrzystości, zrozumiałych i często wspomaganych informacjami opisowymi. Prezentowana publikacja stanowi głos w dyskusji nad ewolucyjnym charakterem, kształtem, kierunkami rozwoju oraz perspektywami współczesnej rachunkowości.Publikacja finansowana ze środków Rektora Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego

The Metrological Research of Machu Picchu Settlement: Application of a Cosine Quantogram Method for 3D Laser Data

The purpose of this research is to look for a basic unit or units of measure (quantum), the multiplication of which would help delineate the outline of Inca settlements such as Machu Picchu. By making use of the statistical method developed by D. G. Kendall, the cosine quantogram, and dealing with data acquired through 3D laser scanning, we can answer the question about Inca imperial measurement system. Based on length measurements from the construction level of niches, we can conclude that an imperial system of measure existed. Three basic units of design were used in different ranks and functions of the building, as follows: 0.20 m; 0.41 m; 0.54 m

3D Models of Architectural Remains in Archaeological Context: Visualisation as a Tool in Interdisciplinary Research of the Polish Archaeological Mission in Kato Paphos on Cyprus

The aim of the paper is to present the usage of different methods for obtaining 3D virtual models in order to document and better understand features of various kinds of data collected during excavations of the Polish Archaeological Mission of the University of Warsaw at Kato Paphos in Cyprus. During several recent seasons of excavations we tested a few methods of generating 3D spatial data, among others the image-based modelling and the structured light 3D scanner. As an interdisciplinary group of architects and archaeologists we used them for different kinds of objects: from relatively small pieces of architectural details and sculpture (e.g. fragments of columns, cornices, altars, etc.), through archaeological trenches to fragments of bigger structures and edifices. Most of the objects, independently of their size and scale, belonged to architectural remains. The comparison of methods and workflows with spatial data on the field helped us to find the best solution for multidisciplinary studies on the archaeological site of the Greek and Roman residential settlement in Kato Paphos

Prediction of geomagnetic storm strength from inner heliospheric in situ observations

Prediction of the effects of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) on Earth strongly depends on knowledge of the interplanetary magnetic field southward component, B z . Predicting the strength and duration of B z inside a CME with sufficient accuracy is currently impossible, forming the so-called B z problem. Here, we provide a proof-of-concept of a new method for predicting the CME arrival time, speed, B z , and resulting disturbance storm time (Dst) index on Earth based only on magnetic field data, measured in situ in the inner heliosphere (<1 au). On 2012 June 12–16, three approximately Earthward-directed and interacting CMEs were observed by the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory imagers and Venus Express (VEX) in situ at 0.72 au, 6° away from the Sun–Earth line. The CME kinematics are calculated using the drag-based and WSA–Enlil models, constrained by the arrival time at VEX, resulting in the CME arrival time and speed on Earth. The CME magnetic field strength is scaled with a power law from VEX to Wind. Our investigation shows promising results for the Dst forecast (predicted: −96 and −114 nT (from 2 Dst models); observed: −71 nT), for the arrival speed (predicted: 531 ± 23 km s−1; observed: 488 ± 30 km s−1), and for the timing (6 ± 1 hr after the actual arrival time). The prediction lead time is 21 hr. The method may be applied to vector magnetic field data from a spacecraft at an artificial Lagrange point between the Sun and Earth or to data taken by any spacecraft temporarily crossing the Sun–Earth line