Intrauterine growth restriction and placental angiogenesis

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic-fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) are factors that take part in placental angiogenesis. They are highly expressed during embryonic and fetal development, especially in the first trimester. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of placental angiogenesis in the development of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) by comparing the levels of expression of VEGF-A, b-FGF, and eNOS in normal-term pregnancy and IUGR placentas.Methods: The expression of VEGF-A, b-FGF, and eNOS was studied using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase method in placental tissues diagnosed as normal (n = 55) and IUGR (n = 55). Results were evaluated in a semi-quantitative manner.Results: The expression of all the markers was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in cytotrophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblasts, extravillous trophoblasts, vascular smooth muscle cells, chorionic villous stromal cells, and villous vascular endothelial cells of the IUGR placentas when compared with those collected from normal-term pregnancies.Conclusion: Increased expression of VEGF-A, b-FGF, and eNOS may be the result of inadequate uteroplacental perfusion, supporting the proposal that abnormal angiogenesis plays a role in the pathophysiology of IUGR. © 2010 Barut et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd

Endometrial Cancer General Perspectives, Epidemiology

WOS: 000489909000001Purpose of Review This paper focuses on the epidemiologic factors that are effective on the pathology of the endometrial malignancy. Based on previous reviews and recent articles on endometrial cancer, we sought to define risk factors and related diseases to endometrial malignancies. Recent Findings Previous studies have shown that phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity is stimulated by diverse oncogenes and growth factor receptors, and elevated PI3K signaling is considered a hallmark of cancer. A major antagonist of PI3K activity is phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a tumor suppressor which is often mutated or lost in type I endometrial cancer cells. Endometrial cancer is still a problem in developed countries since adiposity and sedentary way of life. However, we have not found a feasible way to screen endometrial malignancies. In the future, with the advancing of genetic studies, screening could be applicable

Successful management of cesarean scar pregnancy with vacuum extraction under ultrasound guidance

WOS: 000446055200010PubMed: 30338082AimCesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is a rare type of ectopic pregnancy. The gestational sac is implanted in the myometrium at the site of a previous cesarean section. Mothers with CSP are faced with risks of unpredictable massive bleeding or more fatal complications. The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the feasibility, efficacy, and reliability of the intraoperative ultrasound-guided vacuum aspiration method as an effective treatment option for CSP. MethodsWe undertook a retrospective analysis of CSP patients who had undergone the vacuum aspiration method, by reviewing patient records from the period October 2015 to January 2018. All of the operations were carried out under general anesthesia, with patients in the lithotomy position, using suprapubic ultrasonography guidance. A vacuum aspirator was used to aspirate the whole pregnancy material without perforating the previous cesarean section scar. ResultsTen women with CSP were managed successfully by ultrasound-guided vacuum extraction without complications or further interventions, such as reoperation or methotrexate administration. Three of the 10 patients needed uterine Foley catheter tampon (50cc) for 4h after vacuum extraction alone was applied. During the study period, two additional patients who did not meet the criteria for the vacuum extraction method alone were managed with methotrexate plus vacuum application. Because of the rarity of the condition, the majority of CSPs are case reports or small case series reported in published works, with no consensus on the preferred course of treatment. ConclusionThe vacuum extraction method seems to be a good and practical way of treating CSP. Comparisons of efficacy should be undertaken but large sample sizes are required. We hope this study brings a new perspective for larger sample-sized studies, considering the technique is feasible and applicable

Comparison of the effects of all-trans retinoic acid, methotrexate, actinomycin D, and combined chemotherapy on different choriocarcinoma cell culture models

WOS: 000455062500004Introduction: Our objective was to investigate the efficacy of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) alone and in combination chemotherapy with methotrexate (MTX) and combined with actinomycin D (Act-D) in choriocarcinoma cell culture models (JAR, JEG-3). Material and Methods: JAR and JEG-3 cells were cultured. ATRA, MTX and Act-D trial groups were determined with different doses. DMSO was applied as control group. Drugs were administered to the cells simultaneously, and 72 hours after drug administration, the cells were detached using trypsin-ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid solution. The degree of apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. Statistical analyses of the apoptotic ratios were performed using SPSS 19.0 and the Wilcoxon test. Results: The ratio of apoptosis was statistically significant when only ATRA was applied on JAR and JEG-3 cell culture lines versus control group, p<0.05. The ratio of apoptosis was increased on JAR and JEG-3 cell culture lines, when ATRA was added in the combination of MTX 2 mu M, ACT-D 0.1 mu M, p<0.05. Discussion: ATRA increased the apoptotic ratios in both JAR and JEG-3 cell cultures. The apoptotic ratios were increased with the higher ATRA doses. The application of ATRA, MTX and Act-D combination on the JAR and JEG-3, cell line models, is made in both cell lines for the first time in the literature. The apoptotic data reveal that: ATRA could be used in choriocarcinoma treatment. Also, the combination of ATRA, MTX, and Act-D had stronger apoptotic effects than did the combination of MTX and Act-D. Therefore, ATRA also could be used as a synergistic drug and an option to combat the multi-drug resistance often encountered in the treatment of choriocarcinoma.Project of Bulent Ecevit University; BAP [2012-20-00-02]By the Project of Bulent Ecevit University. BAP 2012-20-00-02, the cell culture lines (Jarand Jeg-3) and chemotherapeutics for our research were obtained, no funding further more

Is there any difference in lateralization in epithelial ovarian cancer cases?

WOS: 000449612300017Introduction: Whether there is a right or left lateralization difference in cancer involvement in double sided organs has become a topic of interest in recent years. In addition, the density of cancer metastasis to the right or left lymph nodes has become a subject of inquisition. Our aim in this study is to retrospectively investigate differences in right- or left-sided ovarian cancer incidence. Materials and methods: In the Gynaecological Oncology Clinic of Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, 96 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer who were followed up between 2008 and 2017 were retrospectively noted as having right or left ovarian involvement or a tumour mass with right or left overgrowth. Results and discussion: A prominence of left ovarian involvement was observed in our study results. Especially when patients in the first stage of cancer, FIGO stage 1A, were examined, it was obvious that epithelial ovarian cancer tends to commence in the left ovary rather than the right ovary. Conclusion: There is a need for prospective studies with multidisciplinary studies including immunohistopathology to investigate hypotheses such as hormonal susceptibility, which can be postulated as an explanation for the higher frequency of left vs right ovary involvement in EOC

ABO blood groups and Rh factor are risk factors for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer?

WOS: 000495991100001Objective(s): The initial aim of this study is to research the allocation of blood types ABO and Rh factor antigens in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Design: Retrospective Setting: University Hospital (Tertiary center) Subjects: From the records at Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University Faculty of Medicine Hospital in the period January 2010- June 2018, data on 100 EOC patients were obtained concerning blood groups ABO and Rh factor in 90 women. Intervention(s): The control group was constituted from the Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University Faculty of Medicine Hospital Blood Transfusion Center and included 17065 females, to make reliable comparison, same region-same gender. Main Outcome Measure(s): Blood types ABO and Rh factors, patients having EOC. Result(s): Data on 90 women with EOC and recorded blood types ABO and Rh factors were taken for retrospective analysis. Although, blood type O was seemingly related with higher risk of EOC, this difference was not statistically significant. Also, blood type B was seemingly allocated with low risk of EOC, albeit this difference was not statistically significant. Condusion(s): Most previous studies have reported increased cancer of the ovaries associated with the A blood type compared to the O group. Contrary to our data, Zhang et al found that, blood type O is allocated with lower risk of cancer of the ovaries. Our studies results show possible allocation between the O blood type and higher risk of EOC B blood type and decreased probability EOC

Investigation of CD56, ADAM17 and FGF21 Expressions in the Placentas of Preeclampsia Cases

Objective: In the present study, we investigated the expression of CD56, ADAM17 and FGF21 antibodies (Ab), which we think have an effect on the pathophysiology of preeclampsia (PE), in pregnant patients with healthy placentas and placentas with PE. The expression of these antibodies has been investigated in a limited amount of former research, but their role in PE has not yet been clarified. With this study, we aimed to contribute to the elucidation of the pathophysiology of PE and the detection of new target molecules for treatment. Materials and Methods: Parturients with singleton pregnancy at 32 weeks or above without any maternal or fetal pathology who were admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University Practice and Research Hospital between 11 January 2020 and 7 January 2022 were included in the present study. Pregnant women with coexisting disease or a pathology related to the placenta (ablation placenta, vasa previa, hemangioma, etc.) were excluded. CD56, ADAM17 and FGF21 antibodies were histopathologically and immunohistochemically detected in 60 placentas with PE (study group) and 43 healthy placentas (control group). Results: CD56, ADAM17 and FGF21 proteins were all more intensely expressed in preeclamptic placentas and a statistically significant difference was found between the two groups for all three antibodies (p p Conclusions: We observed that CD56, ADAM17 and FGF21 expressions increased in preeclamptic placentas. These Ab may be responsible for the pathogenesis of PE, which can be illuminated with further studies

The genetics of recurrent hydatidiform moles: new insights and lessons from a comprehensive analysis of 113 patients

Hydatidiform mole is an aberrant human pregnancy characterized by early embryonic arrest and excessive trophoblastic proliferation. Recurrent hydatidiform moles are defined by the occurrence of at least two hydatidiform moles in the same patient. Fifty to eighty percent of patients with recurrent hydatidiform moles have biallelic pathogenic variants in NLRP7 or KHDC3L. However, in the remaining patients, the genotypic types of the moles are unknown. We characterized 80 new hydatidiform mole tissues, 57 of which were from patients with no mutations in the known genes, and we reviewed the genotypes of a total of 123 molar tissues. We also reviewed mutation analysis in 113 patients with recurrent hydatidiform moles. While all hydatidiform moles from patients with biallelic NLRP7 or KHDC3L mutations are diploid biparental, we demonstrate that those from patients without mutations are highly heterogeneous and only a small minority of them are diploid biparental (8%). The other mechanisms that were found to recur in patients without mutations are diploid androgenetic monospermic (24%) and triploid dispermic (32%); the remaining hydatidiform moles were misdiagnosed as moles due to errors in the analyses and/or their unusual mechanisms. We compared three parameters of genetic susceptibility in patients with and without mutations and show that patients without mutations are mostly from non-familial cases, have fewer reproductive losses, and more live births. Our data demonstrate that patients with recurrent hydatidiform moles and no mutations in the known genes are, in general, different from those with mutations; they have a milder genetic susceptibility and/or a multifactorial etiology underlying their recurrent hydatidiform moles. Categorizing these patients according to the genotypic types of their recurrent hydatidiform moles may facilitate the identification of novel genes for this entity