Phenological documentation of Lantana camara L. using modified BBCH scale in relation to climatic variables

Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) is cultivated as an ornamental and hedge plant in many countries which is native to American tropics. It’s introduction to the Indian subcontinent dates back around 200 years ago. It is an invasive alien species that has a negative impact on native biodiversity. It is evident that management of L. camara is crucial for the conservation of biodiversity. Studying its phenological characteristics as they adapt to environmental circumstances through time and space will aid in the development of management goals and strategies. This study uses BBCH scale firstly to describe the phenology of L. camara, which is represented by nine Phenological Growth Stages (PGS) in response to environmental conditions during a 32-month period in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, representing its growth. To standardise morphological traits and the phenological observation, photographs of certain significant developmental stages on L. camara in addition to the descriptions have been illustrated. Researchers can utilise this uniform labelling method as a tool to help with weed management efforts. Phenological studies of this invasive weed species may be employed for tracking the gradual impact of climate change on biodiversity and its effect on the key phenological events in the lifecycle

Assessment of the effect of injection magnesium sulphate on fetal heart rate pattern in patients of eclampsia and preeclampsia

Background: To assess the effect of injection magnesium sulphate on fetal heart rate pattern in severe preeclampsia and eclampsia.Methods: This is a hospital-based prospective observational study. It was conducted in the Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur over period of one year from August 2014 to July 2015.Total 122 patients with diagnosis of severe preeclampsia and eclampsia who received injection MgSO4 were included in the study. Patients who delivered within 1 to 2 hrs of injection MgSO4, had pulmonary edema, respiratory depression, renal insufficiency, patients with recurrent convulsions not controlled by MgSO4 alone, fetus who had abnormal fetal heart rate pattern prior to administration of injection MgSO4, IUD baby, baby of gestetional age <28 weeks were excluded from the study. Fetal heart rate pattern tracings were taken by CTG machine before administration of injection magnesium sulphate. Injection magnesium sulphate was given according to Pritchard Regime. Fetal heart rate pattern after injection MgSO4 were compared with fetal heart rate pattern before injection magnesium sulphate regarding all four parameters fetal heart rate, variability, accelerations and deceleration.Results: Before injection magnesium sulphate mean fetal heart rate was 148.7 bpm+10.78. After 15 minutes mean fetal heart rate was 147.8 bpm+10.32.After 1hour, 2 hour and 4 hour of injection magnesium sulphate mean fetal heart rate was139.1 bpm+9.6,139.2 bpm+9.8 and 137 bpm+9.4 respectively which was statistically significant (p value <0.001). Only patients with good variability were included in the study. After 1 hour of injection magnesium sulphate 16.4%, after 2 hour 23% and after 4 hour 31.1 % developed poor variability i.e. <5. Before injection magnesium sulphate only 4% had no acceleration, after 15 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hour and 4 hour of injection magnesium sulphate 4.9%, 29.5%, 49% and 55% patients had no acceleration respectively. Before injection magnesium sulphate no patient had late deceleration. After 15 min only 2 patients had variable prolonged deceleration. After 1 hour, 2 hour and 4 hour 0%, 4.1% and 6.6% had late deceleration respectively.Conclusions: Maternal exposure to magnesium sulphate in severe preeclampsia and eclampsia is associated with persistent fall in baseline fetal heart rate by approximately 9-11 bpm which appeared at 1 hr of injection MgSO4 but it is within the accepted normal range (110 bpm - 160bpm). Statistically significant patients developed decreased beat to beat variability <5 after 1 hr of injection MgSO4. Statistically significant patients developed absent acceleration. Few patients developed late decelerations but it was not significant

SWINE FLU- THE CHANGING SCENARIO AND PREPAREDNESS WITH FORMULATION OF WIN FLU AIR FRESHENER GEL

Swine flu is an emerging viral infection that is a present global public health problem. There are many thousand cases of swine flu can be seen around the world in the present day. Due to the nature of a respiratory virus, the transmission of this pathogenic virus is airborne transmission. Hence, the rapid spreading and difficulty in control of this infection can be expected. Ayurved believes in Nidan parivarjan and recommends the strengthening of the immunity to prevent disease like swine flu from its attack. There are no any medicines or vaccination are available now a days for prevent from swine flu. Mask is an only available option from avoiding the virus, but sometimes it fails to stop the infection and peoples are unable to wearing mask for all time. So there is a need to develop such a thing which we can carry easily with us and protecting from the infection. Many environment purification techniques (like Homa, Yagya, Dhoopana) have been mentioned in our classical texts. Several scientific studies have validated the clinical efficacy of air freshener against the viral stains. Freshener is a household product that can release the chemicals they contain into the air and inhaled by consumers. The purpose of this research is to determine the ability of herbal essential oil to be formulated as a WIN FLU- air freshener gel with fragrance of citrus oil and binder of peppermint oil. Gel formulation in the study was made from a mixture of herbal essential oil (carom seed, Eucalyptus, Basil, Ginger, Clove), sodium benzoate, peppermint and citrus essential oil in distilled water with a variety of different concentrations of herbal essential oil at 1%, 2% and 3%, then performed an evaluation form hedonic test gel with 30 panelists, evaporation of a liquid test during 4 weeks of storage. The results of this study indicate that the best gel formula is the formula A3 with an herbal essential oil concentration of 3%. Results per cent of total evaporation of liquid air freshener gel formula are respectively 59.12%, 42.32%, 21.22%

Percutaneous transolecranon pinning and lateral pinning Vs lateral pinning in displaced supracondylar fractures of humerus in children: an observative study

Background: Supracondylar fracture (humerus) is type of extra-articular fracture occurring in the distal metaphyseal site of humerus. It is almost exclusively a fracture of the immature skeleton, seen in children and young teenagers. Fractures around the elbow are a great challenge to orthopaedic surgeons. Clinical diagnosis may be difficult due to noncooperative patient and massive swelling around the elbow. Displaced type of supracondylar fractures poses problem not only in reduction but also in maintenance of reduced fracture   and   rapid   inclusion   of nerves and vessels.Methods: The present study was conducted on 30 cases of displaced supracondylar fracture humerus in children, aged 2-14 years, who were treated by CRPP with either lateral entry of k-wires or a lateral wire and a vertical wire through olecranon (transolecranon).Results: Both the Groups achieved 90% satisfactory results, but 10% unsatisfactory results recorded in Group A only rather than in Group B.Conclusions: Although the transolecranon wire has the disadvantage of limiting the flexion and extension of the elbow, this does not influence the final-outcome much as the elbow is fixed in a POP splint for minimum 3 weeks-in all patients in both groups

Cancer informatics analysis indicates high CHAC2 associated with unfavorable prognosis in breast cancer

Breast cancer remains the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide and exhibits a poor prognosis. The induction of genetic changes deregulates several genes that increase the disposal towards this life-threatening disease. CHAC2, a member of the glutathione degrading enzyme family has been shown to suppress gastric and colorectal cancer progression, however, the expression of CHAC2 in breast cancer has not been reported. We did an analysis of CHAC2 expression in breast cancer patients from various online tools like UALCAN, GEPIA2, GENT2, TIMER2, and bcGenExminer v4.8. Further, we used the Kaplan-Meier plotter to establish the significance of CHAC2 in BC patient survival and prognosis while TISIDB and TIMER databases were used to investigate the filtration of immune cells. The results showed that CHAC2 levels were high in breast cancer patients and elevated CHAC2 was associated with low overall survival. Taken together, the results of the present study show that like its paralog CHAC1, CHAC2 may also be an important biomarker and could have a potential therapeutic implication in breast cancer

Germplasm variability-assisted near infrared reflectance spectroscopy chemometrics to develop multi-trait robust prediction models in rice

Rice is a major staple food across the world in which wide variations in nutrient composition are reported. Rice improvement programs need germplasm accessions with extreme values for any nutritional trait. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) uses electromagnetic radiations in the NIR region to rapidly measure the biochemical composition of food and agricultural products. NIRS prediction models provide a rapid assessment tool but their applicability is limited by the sample diversity, used for developing them. NIRS spectral variability was used to select a diverse sample set of 180 accessions, and reference data were generated using association of analytical chemists and standard methods. Different spectral pre-processing (up to fourth-order derivatization), scatter corrections (SNV-DT, MSC), and regression methods (partial least square, modified partial least square, and principle component regression) were employed for each trait. Best-fit models for total protein, starch, amylose, dietary fiber, and oil content were selected based on high RSQ, RPD with low SEP(C) in external validation. All the prediction models had ratio of prediction to deviation (RPD) > 2 amongst which the best models were obtained for dietary fiber and protein with R2 = 0.945 and 0.917, SEP(C) = 0.069 and 0.329, and RPD = 3.62 and 3.46. A paired sample t-test at a 95% confidence interval was performed to ensure that the difference in predicted and laboratory values was non-significant

Hirschman-Herfindahl index determination under incomplete information

This paper utilizes techniques from combinatorics to derive a closed form solution for an estimator of that portion of a Hirschman-Herfindahl index which measures concentration for that segment of the market with unattributed market share. This index makes more complete use of sample information than other more conventional measures of limited-information market concentration like the C4 and C8 indices.