Resource Use Efficiency of Maize Cultivation in Bahraich District of Uttar Pradesh

Study on resource use efficiency in maize cultivation was conducted in Tejwapur block of Bahraich district of Uttar Pradesh. Primary data was collected from 100 respondents including three categories i.e. marginal, small and medium sized sample farms. Purposive cum random sampling technique was applied to draw the sample of respondents. Personal interview method of data collection, tabular and functional analysis was applied to bring the study at final stage. Result of study revealed that maize production shows the stage of decreasing return to scale and MVP indicate further scope to invest on four factors included in the study to achieve the position of optimum resource combination and maximization of the profit

Method Development and Validation for Quantification of Residual Solvents in Atorvastatin Calcium Drug Substance by GC-HS Using Fid Detector

A proficient GC-HS method was developed for quantification of THIRTEEN residual solvents in Atorvastatin Calcium drugs substance with flame ionization detector (FID) using column Rtx-624, (60m length X 0.25mm diameter) 1.4µm film thickness, Part No.: 10969, Make: Restek.  Nitrogen is used as Carrier gas with Linear velocity of 27.7cm/se on Shimadzu /GC-2010 Plus/HS-20 instrument. The proposed method was validated for System suitability, Specificity, Linearity, LOD and LOQ determination, Recovery, Precision, Range and Robustness. All the parameters were found within the acceptable limits. Linearity of all thirteen residual solvents are in the range of LOQ to 150%. The established methodology was commercially useful, specific, accurate, precise and suitable for the analysis of Residual solvents in Atorvastatin Calcium drug substance

Patterns of crop rading by wild ungulates and elephants in Ramnagar Forest Division, Uttarakhand

Crop raiding is a major form of human–wildlife conflict that not only affects livelihoods of farmers living close to forest areas but also jeopardizes the objective of wildlife conservation. In this study, we report patterns associated with crop raiding based on periodic fi eld inspections of 95 crop fields spread across 16 villages in India. Average raided area of the fi eld was highest in seedling stage (21%). Fields closer to the forest edge incurred higher damage in the seedling (22%) and mature stages (7%) than fields farther from the forest edge, although this was not statistically significant. Guarding was found to be ineffective in decreasing crop raiding, with no statistical difference in the mean area of damage between guarded and unguarded fields. Cheetal (Axis axis), sambar (Rusa unicolor), nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus), and wild pig (Sus scrofa) were the main raiders in fields close to the forest edge whereas nilgai and wild pig were chief raiders in fields farther from the forest edge. Results of this study suggest that in the study area, wild pig and nilgai are more problematic species than elephants (Elephas maximus), which are reported to cause the most damage in other landscapes

Histopathological Changes in Kidney of Channa Punctatus (Bloch) Under Stress of Folidol

The concentration of pesticides is increasing day by day in the aquatic ecosystem. These concentrations are highest to limits; there is bioconcentration and bioaccumulation of these pesticides in the tissues and organ of fish which has a harmful effect on the human being when consumed by them. The effects of Folidol at 20 ppm sublethal doses were investigated on histopathology of kidney in full grown specimen of Channa punctatus (Bloch). Significant alterations were observed in kidney sections of treated fishes as compared to control group. These changes may be due to damage caused to the hepatic tissue

Histomorphological spectrum of meningeal tumours and its association with MIB-1 labelling index

Background: Meningiomas are extremely common, slow growing tumours originating from meningeal covering of brain and spinal cord. They are mostly encountered in middle or later adult life. Females are affected more commonly than males. Grading of meningiomas based on histological features has certain limitations in predicting exact biological behavior hence ancillary studies like immunohistochemistry can be used to predict the nature of the lesion. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in pathology department in our institute. Total 105 cases, diagnosed as meningioma between October 2019 to May 2021 were included in the study. Immuno-staining was performed using MIB-1 antibody against ki67 antigen. Various statistical test methods like chi square test, unpaired t test and spearman’s rho correlation were used to evaluate the significant value. Results: Among 105 patients analysed there were 78.09% females (mean LI 4.01±3.25%) and 21.91% males (mean LI 3.17±2.64%). Mean age of presentation was 53.14 years and most common subtype was transitional meningioma with 51.43% cases. Histological grading revealed 95.24% WHO grade 1 tumor (mean LI- 3.33±2.22%), 4.76% WHO grade 2 (mean LI- 13.80±2.28%) and no case of WHO grade 3. There was correlation between values of MIB-1 LI and histological grade. Some differences for MIB-1 labelling index were found among the subtypes of meningioma of same grade. Conclusions: The MIB-1 is one important tool in addition to routine histological evaluation. High MIB-1 LI indicates higher grade of meningioma

Histopathological changes in Kidney of Channa punctatus (Bloch) under stress of Folidol

The concentration of pesticides is increasing day by day in the aquatic ecosystem. These concentrations are highest to limits; there is bioconcentration and bioaccumulation of these pesticides in the tissues and organ of fish which has a harmful effect on the human being when consumed by them. The effects of Folidol at 20 ppm sublethal doses were investigated on histopathology of kidney in full grown specimen of Channa punctatus (Bloch). Significant alterations were observed in kidney sections of treated fishes as compared to control group. These changes may be due to damage caused to the hepatic tissue

Nutrient uptake, sugarcane yield and economics of high sugar early genotypes of sugarcane (Saccharum sp hybrid complex) under various planting seasons and fertility levels in Bihar

A field experiment was conducted for 3 consecutive years (2006-2010) in two seasons (autumn and spring) on sandy loam soil of Bihar, Pusa (Samastipur), to find out the impact of early maturing high sugar genotypes and level of N-P and K fertilization on performance of sugarcane (Saccharum sp hybrid complex). The performance indicated significant superiority of CoSe 95422 to CoP 9301 in terms of germination (35.5 and 34.4 %), tillers (152 700 and 141 400/ha), cane length (204 and 201 cm) and cane diameter (2.32 and 2.25 cm) in autumn and spring season, respectively. CoSe 95422 exhibited significantly higher dry matter accumulation and leaf area index at all the growth stages during both the cropping seasons. Net assimilation rate increased substantially at the initial crop growth stages and declined thereafter. Genotype CoP 9301 achieved higher NAR (6.34 and 5.66 g/m2/day) during June- August, though it was failed to reach the level of significance during August-October. Number of millable canes exhibited marked variation among the genotypes in both the seasons. CoSe 95422 produced significantly highest cane yield during autumn (81.0 tonnes/ha) and spring season (73.2 tonnes/ha) respectively. The percentage increase in mean cane and sugar yield by autumn planted sugarcane over spring planted sugarcane was 9.7 and 11.27 %, respectively. However, maximum sugar yield was obtained by CoSe 95422. Further, it showed significantly higher N (206.8 and 176.5 kg/ha), P (18.5 and 16.9 kg/ha), K uptake (239.4 and 204.0 kg/ha), net return (` 55 430 and ` 46 500) and benefit: cost ratio (1.86 and 1.75) during autumn and spring season, respectively. Fertility level had significant impact on drymatter accumulation and leaf area index across the season as well as stages of growth. Significantly higher tillers (140 300 and 131 000/ha), cane length (208 and 204 cm), cane diameter (2.34 and 2.26 cm), millable cane (102 100 and 100 300/ha) and cane yield (85.2 and 77.6 tonnes/ha) were obtained with the application of 187.5 N + 46.4 P + 62.3 K kg/ha in autumn and spring season, respectively. Though all of these parameters except cane diameter in spring season were statistically similar to 150 N + 37.1 P + 49.8 K kg/ha. A significant increase in cane and sugar yield was observed up to 150 N + 37.1 P + 49.8 K kg/ha. The magnitude of increase in cane yield at 187.5 N + 46.4 P + 62.3 K, 150 N + 37.1 P + 49.8 K kg/ha over 112.5 N + 27.8 P + 37.4 K kg/ha were 37.6 and 30.9%, respectively, during autumn season. Whereas, these increased 35.7 and 28.0% respectively during spring season. Though, significant variation in sugar yield up to 150 N + 37.1 P + 49.8 K kg/ha was noticed during both the season. There was a significant increase in net return by increasing level of N+P+K/ha during both the season. Though, marked variation in benefit: cost ratio (1.87 and 1.75) was observed only up to 150 N + 37.1 P + 49.8 K kg/ha during autumn and spring season, respectively

Clinical application of acellular matrix derived from the bubaline diaphragm and caprine rumen for the repair of abdominal wall defects in animals

The abdominal wall hernias resulting due to trauma or other clinical conditions are common in animals. Large hernias required the use of synthetic mesh, which is costly and may result in infection, fistula formation, and pain. Application of biomaterials in hernia repair causes a reduction in pain, reduced recovery time, and rate of recurrence. The study was undertaken to test the acellular bubaline diaphragm matrix (BDiaM) and acellular caprine rumen matrix (CRuM) for the repaired hernia in clinical cases. Fresh bubaline diaphragm and caprine rumen were decellularized using sodium deoxycholate (1% for CRuM and 2% for BDiaM) for 48h. Acellularity was ascertained histologically and by DNA quantification. Histologically, both the matrices showed complete acellularity and orderly arranged collagen fibers after 48 h. The DNA contents were significantly (P0.05) reduced in both the matrices in comparison to the native matrices. The BDiaM and CRuM matrices were applied in eight and nine clinical cases of abdominal wall defects, respectively. Animals with BDiaM and CRuM matrices recovered uneventfully and remained sound at least up to 3 months. Hematological and immunological findings were unremarkable. BDiaM and CRuM matrices showed good results without complications. Keywords:Biocompatibility, Bubaline diaphragm matrix, Caprine rumen matrix, DNA quantification, ELISA, SDS-PAG

Effect of Multiple Rounds of Mass Drug Administration under Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination Program on Prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in One of the Co-endemic Districts of India

Both soil-transmitted helminthiasis and lymphatic filariasis are co-endemic in some districts of India. The study was aimed at comparing the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) infection before and after mass drug administration (MDA) given for lymphatic filariasis at Alappuzha.We examined stool samples of 219 children aged between 9 and 10 years from nine schools at Alappuzha, Kerala, in June 2015. The current STH situation was compared with that in the year 1999 (before the institution of MDA) in the same age group in the same district. WHO-recommended Kato-Katz technique was used for STH prevalence estimation. Information regarding socio-demographic variables, sanitation, personal hygiene practices was also recorded. Chi-square test was used to study association of risk factors with STH infection.A total of 79 (36.07%) children were found to be positive for STH infection. Out of all samples positive for Ascaris lumbricoides, 4 (5%) were found co-infected with Trichuris trichiura and none with hookworm. Factors like absence of household latrine, lack of hand washing before meals and practice of consumingunwashed fruits were found to be significantly associated with occurrence of STH infection.Over the years, consecutive rounds of MDA for LF have led to a decline in intestinal worm burden but with little effect on the overall prevalence of STH. Thus, STH control activities working synergistically with the Filarial Elimination Strategy can yield better results in the co-endemic areas with optimum resourceutilization