Estimation of Percentage on Malnutrition Occurrences in East Java Using Geographically Weighted Regression Model

The Province of East Java has its own characteristics that differentiate it from any other regions. Dissimilarities in characteristics of a region may encompass issues such as social, economic, cultural, parenting, education, and the environment, so as to cause the difference in case of severe under nutrition between one region to another. Sufferers of malnutrition in one region may be linked and influenced by the surrounding regions. Therefore, we need a statistical modeling that is able to take into account the spatial factor. Statistical methods that can be used to analyze the data and also takes into account the spatial factor are the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). This study is aimed to determine the case of malnutrition models in East Java Province using GWR model with kernel adaptive bi-square weighting and comparing it to the conventional linear regression model.  The data used in the study are secondary data obtained from the National Socio-Economic Survey and Basic Health Research (2010) conducted in 38 districts in East Java. Estimation is done by using the Weighted Least Squares method that provides different weighting values to each region. The result showed that there are 38 models of the malnutrition case that is different for each district in East Java. The GWR model with bi-square kernel weighting function is better in modelling the case of malnutrition in East Java compared to the conventional linear regression models that are based on the criteria of goodness that is the R-square, Mean Square Error and the Akaike Information Criterion

Efek Produk Herbal Kombinasi Bubuk Kopi dan Teh Hijau Serta Kayu Manis terhadap Berat Badan dan Lemak Tubuh

AbstractThis study aimed to analyze body weight and body fat in obese adult men after administration of green coffee, green tea, and cinnamon (GGC) powder combination drink. This study applied a pre-post experimental design. Fourteen obese male subjects which are chosen by purposive sampling were given 200 mL/day GGC drink for 8 weeks. Body weight, body fat, and food intake data were collected before and after intervention. The instrument used in this study include microtoise, meterline, food recall 2x24 hours, and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The result showed that GGC drink significantly decrease body weight (-2.45 kg; p-value=0.001), BMI (-0.89 kg/m2; p-value=0.001), waist circumference (-2.97 cm; p-value=0.001), body fat percentage (-1.75%; p-value=0.004), and visceral fat (-0.92; p-value=0.001). Based on the results of the Wilcoxon Test showed that administering 200 mL/day of GGC drink improve nutritional status in obese adult men. In conclusion, administrating 200 mL/day of GGC drink reduce body weight and body fat of adult men.Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis berat badan dan lemak tubuh pada laki-laki dewasa yang mengalami kegemukan setelah pemberian minuman herbal kombinasi bubuk kopi dan teh hijau serta kayu manis (minuman KTM). Penelitian epidemiologi klinik ini menggunakan desain pre-post experimental. Sebanyak empat belas orang pria dewasa yang dipilih secara purposive diberi 200 mL/hari minuman KTM selama 8 minggu. Data berat badan, lemak tubuh dan asupan makanan dikumpulkan sebelum, selama, dan sesudah intervensi. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi microtoise, meterline, food recall 2x24 jam, dan bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Berdasarkan hasil Uji Wilcoxon menunjukkan bahwa pemberian minuman KTM selama 8 minggu menurunkan berat badan secara signifikan (-2,45 kg; p-value = 0,001), IMT (-0,89 kg/m2; p-value = 0,001), lingkar pinggang (-2,97 cm; p-value = 0,001), persen lemak tubuh (-1,75%; p-value = 0,004), dan lemak sentral (-0,92; p-value = 0,001). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah minuman KTM dapat menurunkan berat badan dan lemah tubuh pada laki-laki dewasa

KESESUAIAN KONSUMSI PANGAN ANAK INDONESIA DENGAN PEDOMAN GIZI SEIMBANG

Prevalence of malnutritions in childern still high in Indonesia. Bad food consumption is one of several causes of malnutritions. Therefore, food consumption of childern need to be analyzed The objective of this study were to analyze food consumption of childrens 2-12 years old and compare it with Balanced Nutrition Guidelines in Indonesia. This study design was cross-sectional. Subjects were 38890 childrens 2-12 years old of basic health survey of Ministry of Health. Food consumption data were collected by 24 hour recall method. Food consumption patterns presented in the participation and quantity, which devided in to 1) carbohydrate foods), 2) vegetables, 3)fruits, 4) animal foods (included milks), and 5) vegetable proteins. The participation of consumption of carbohydrate foods, vegetables, fruits, total animal foods, milks, and vegetable proteins were 99.9%, 57.6%, 14.0%, 80.0%, 20.4%, and 36.4% respectively. The quantity of consumption of carbohydrate foods, vegetables, fruits, total animal foods, milks, and vegetable proteins were 353.1 – 534.3 gram (3.5 – 5.5 portions), 44.4-72.6 gram (0.44 – 0.72 portions), 88-90 gram (2 portions), 28-244 ml (0.2-2 portions), and 17.6 – 32.6 gram (0.35 – 0.65 portions) recpectively. Subjects had high consumption of carbohydrate foods, but had low consumption of vegetables, fruits, total animal foods, milks, and vegetable proteins. In conclusion, food consumptions of subjects were not accordance with Balanced Nutrition Guidelines.

Efek Produk Herbal Kombinasi Bubuk Kopi dan Teh Hijau Serta Kayu Manis terhadap Berat Badan dan Lemak Tubuh

AbstractThis study aimed to analyze body weight and body fat in obese adult men after administration of green coffee, green tea, and cinnamon (GGC) powder combination drink. This study applied a pre-post experimental design. Fourteen obese male subjects which are chosen by purposive sampling were given 200 mL/day GGC drink for 8 weeks. Body weight, body fat, and food intake data were collected before and after intervention. The instrument used in this study include microtoise, meterline, food recall 2x24 hours, and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The result showed that GGC drink significantly decrease body weight (-2.45 kg; p-value=0.001), BMI (-0.89 kg/m2; p-value=0.001), waist circumference (-2.97 cm; p-value=0.001), body fat percentage (-1.75%; p-value=0.004), and visceral fat (-0.92; p-value=0.001). Based on the results of the Wilcoxon Test showed that administering 200 mL/day of GGC drink improve nutritional status in obese adult men. In conclusion, administrating 200 mL/day of GGC drink reduce body weight and body fat of adult men.Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis berat badan dan lemak tubuh pada laki-laki dewasa yang mengalami kegemukan setelah pemberian minuman herbal kombinasi bubuk kopi dan teh hijau serta kayu manis (minuman KTM). Penelitian epidemiologi klinik ini menggunakan desain pre-post experimental. Sebanyak empat belas orang pria dewasa yang dipilih secara purposive diberi 200 mL/hari minuman KTM selama 8 minggu. Data berat badan, lemak tubuh dan asupan makanan dikumpulkan sebelum, selama, dan sesudah intervensi. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi microtoise, meterline, food recall 2x24 jam, dan bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Berdasarkan hasil Uji Wilcoxon menunjukkan bahwa pemberian minuman KTM selama 8 minggu menurunkan berat badan secara signifikan (-2,45 kg; p-value = 0,001), IMT (-0,89 kg/m2; p-value = 0,001), lingkar pinggang (-2,97 cm; p-value = 0,001), persen lemak tubuh (-1,75%; p-value = 0,004), dan lemak sentral (-0,92; p-value = 0,001). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah minuman KTM dapat menurunkan berat badan dan lemah tubuh pada laki-laki dewasa

Sodium, Saturated Fat, and Sugar Added Intake of The Diet of Children 2-12 Years Old

The aims of the study were to analyze intake of sodium, saturated fat (SFA), and added sugar of children 2-12 years old. For this purpose, 38.890 children 2-12 years old from the food consumption data of the basic health survey of the Ministry of Health were analyzed. The intake of sodium, SFA, and added sugar were calculated by using food composition table (FCT) of Indonesia and USDA, and from nutrition facts of labeled foods.The sodium and SFA calculated include both natural resources and which added to food and beverage products. The sugar added calculated include all sugar which added to food and beverage products. The results showed that the intake of sodium, SFA, and added sugar of each childern varies greatly. The mean of sodium, SFA, and added sugar intake was 1010.3 ± 963.5 mg, 10.9 ± 9,2 g, and 19.0 ± 35.1 g respectively. There were 30% of childern have excessive sodium intake, 28% of childern have excessive SFA intake (> 8%-e), and 14% of childern have excessive added sugar intake (> 10%-e). This implies that some childern exposed to high intake of sodium, saturated fat, and added sugar.

In-Vitro Alpha Amylase Inhibition and Antioxidant Activities of Leaves Extract of Sundanese Traditional Salad (Lalapan) from Indonesia

This research aims to evaluate the α-amylase inhibitory activity and antioxidant potential of leaves extract of Gandaria (Bouea macrophylla Griff.), Basil (Ocimum africanum Lour.), Pohpohan (Pilea melastomoides (Poir.) Wedd.), and Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) as common vegetables used in Sundanese traditional salad. Extraction methods used were traditional and maceration methods. Phytochemical screening was used to determine the phytochemical component qualitatively. Quantitative estimation of phenols (Folin-Ciocalteu method), flavonoids (AlCl3 colorimetric assay), total antioxidant activity along with free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) was also carried out. Soluble starch was used as substrate for analysis of α-amylase inhibitory activity, which is calculated by IC50 value. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phytochemical constituents like flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and polyphenols compound in both extraction methods. The results showed that the value of Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), antioxidant activity, and α-amylase inhibitory in both extraction were significantly different for each leaves extracts (p<0.05). The gandaria leaves extracted with maceration method had the highest value among the leaves analysed. The value of TPC, TFC, antioxidant activity were 364.56±65.97 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE)/g extract, 70.2±10.54 mg Quercetin (QE)/g extract, and 35 µg/ml of IC50, respectively. The extract of gandaria maceration leaves exhibited significant α-amylase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 60 µg/ml. Various pharmacologically active compounds were found in the local vegetables, thus they can be rich sources of antioxidants and α-amylase inhibitor activity. Hence, could be developed as vegetables based functional food products