Transdifferentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Into Oligoprogenitor Cells

Introduction: The nerve fibers in central nervous system are surrounded by myelin sheet which is formed by oligodendrocytes. Cell therapy based on oligodendrocytes and their precursors transplantation can hold a promising alternative treatment for myelin sheet repair in demyelinating diseases. Methods: Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (hDPSCs) are noninvasive, autologous and easy available source with multipotency characteristics, so they are in focus of interest in regenerative medicine. In the present study, hDPSCs were differentiated into oligoprogenitor using glial induction media, containing Retinoic Acid (RA), basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF), Platelet- Derived Growth Factor (PDGF), N2 and B27. The differentiated Oligoprogenitor Cells (OPCs) were evaluated for nestin, Olig2, NG2 and O4 using immunocytochemistry. Also, the expression of nestin, Olig2 and PDGFR-alpha gens (neuroprogenitor and oligoprogenitor markers) were investigated via RT-PCR technique. Results: The results indicate that glial differentiation medium induces the generation of oligoprogenitor cells as revealed via exhibition of specific glial markers, including Olig2, NG2 and O4. The expersion of nestin gene (neuroprogenitor marker) and Olig2 and PDGFR-alpha genes (oligoprogentor markers) were detected in treated hDPSCs at the end of the induction stage. Conclusion: hDPSCs can be induced to transdifferentiate into oligoprogenitor cells and respond to the routinely applied regents for glial differentiation of mesanchymal stem cells. These data suggest the hDPSCs as a valuable source for cell therapy in neurodegenerative diseases

Improvement of neuroglial differentiation from human dental pulp stem cells using CSF

Background and purpose: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has a broad set of molecules which is essential for neurogenesis. Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are putatively neural crest cell-derived that can differentiate into neurons and glial cells under appropriate neurotrophic factors. The aim of this study was to induce differentiation of hDPSCs into neuroglial phenotypes using Retinoic acid (RA) and CSF. Materials and methods: The hDPSCs were isolated by mechanical enzymatic digestion from an impacted third molar and cultured. 2 � 105cells were treated by 10-7µM Retinoic acid (RA group) for 8 days, CSF (CSF group) for 8 days and pre-induced with RA for 4 days followed by inducing with CSF for 4 days (RC group). Nestin, βIII-tubulin and GFAP immunostaining were used for evaluating the differentiated cells. Axonal outgrowth was detected using Bielschowsky's silver impregnation method and Nissl bodies were stained in differentiated cells by Cresyl violet. Data analysis was performed in SPSS V.16 applying One-way ANOVA and Chi-square test. Results: The morphology of differentiated cells in treated groups significantly changed after 3-5 days. The immunocytochemistry results showed that nestin, the neuroprogenitor marker, was observed in all groups. Whereas, a high percentage of nestin positive cells and �III-tubulin, as mature neural markers, were seen at the pre-induction and induction stage, respectively. Nissl bodies were detected as dark-blue particles in the cytoplasm of treated cells. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the RA as pre-inducer and CSF as inducer could be used for in vitro differentiation of neuroglial cells from hDPSCs. © 2016, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Data for: Network-based direction of movement prediction in financial markets

36 daily time series data of stock markets and commodities

Data for: Network-based direction of movement prediction in financial markets

36 daily time series data of stock markets and commodities.THIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV

Anatomical variation of quadratus plantae in relation with flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus: a rare case

The quadratus plantae (QP) is considered as a part of the plantar intrinsic foot muscles. This muscle has two lateral and medial heads of origin, both of which arise from the plantar surface of calcaneus, and insert into the tendon of flexor digitorum longus (FDL). Various functions have been attributed to the QP muscle, which includes assisting the plantar flexion of the lateral four toes, straightening the oblique pull of FDL and etc. Several anatomical variations of the QP muscle have been reported in the literature. During a routine dissection in the department of anatomy at Kerman University of Medical Sciences, a variant plantar muscle was observed in a 40-year-old male cadaver. In the present case, we report a rare variation associated with the insertion pattern of this muscle, which is reported for the first time in Iran. The tendinous end of the QP muscle was divided into 3 tendons and were then inserted to the inferior surface of 2nd, 3rd and 4th tendons of FDL. Also, a slim tendinous interconnection was also observed between the QP and flexor hallucis longus (FHL). The lack of connection between the FDL and FHL tendons was the other rare variation of this case. Exact knowledge of the possible variations of the QP muscle is of utmost importance to foot surgeons, clinicians and also anatomists

An overview of modeling and behavioral assessment of autism in the rodent

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are common neurodevelopmental disorders with a growing incidence that generally present in the first 3 years of life. Behavioral symptoms, including impaired social interaction and increased repetitive or stereotypic movements, are hallmark characteristics of autism. Animal models are research tools used to study the biology of the disease and to develop new therapeutic approaches. The complexity of the etiology of autism makes it challenging to develop a comprehensive animal model that accurately mimics different clinical aspects of autism. Here, we reviewed the literature on modeling and behavioral assessment of autism in the rodent, and focused on ASD behavioral phenotypes that can be modeled in rodents. These animal models can be effective in gaining a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease. © 2021 International Society for Developmental Neuroscienc

Influence of Well-Width Fluctuations on the Electronic Structure of GaN/Al x

Experimental and computation results based on chemical composition assessment of metal-organic chemical vapour deposition grown undoped GaN/Al$\text{}_{x}$Ga$\text{}_{1-x}$N multiquantum well structures in the low composition limit of x = 0.07 and wide wells demonstrate composition fluctuations in the barrier layers which lead to large-scale nonuniformities and inequivalence of the different wells. As a consequence the experimental photoluminescence spectra at low temperature show a double peak structure indicative of well-width fluctuations by one lattice parameter (2 monolayers)

Influence of Well-Width Fluctuations on the Electronic Structure of GaN/Alx\text{}_{x}Ga1−x\text{}_{1-x}N Multiquantum Wells with Graded Interfaces

Experimental and computation results based on chemical composition assessment of metal-organic chemical vapour deposition grown undoped GaN/Al$\text{}_{x}$Ga$\text{}_{1-x}$N multiquantum well structures in the low composition limit of x = 0.07 and wide wells demonstrate composition fluctuations in the barrier layers which lead to large-scale nonuniformities and inequivalence of the different wells. As a consequence the experimental photoluminescence spectra at low temperature show a double peak structure indicative of well-width fluctuations by one lattice parameter (2 monolayers)