Challenging Dyadic Interaction in the Context of Multi-Organizational Business Processes

Value creation of today is often a co-production in multi-organizational settings. This requires knowledge about how to conceive multi-organizational actor roles as foundations for co-ordinating and efficiently co-produce customer value. Some contemporary business process modelling approaches builds upon modelling interaction between two business parties (i.e. dyadic interaction), but do not acknowledge interaction patterns involving several network actors in their different actor roles. In this paper value creation in multi-organizational businesses are seen as value chains in value networks. The notion of assignments is the underlying structure in a multi-organizational perspective on business processes and is used to create foundations for distinguishing interaction patterns. Modelling and improving multi-organizational business processes conceived as action and interaction arranged in assignment structures, imply that dyadic role models need to be challenged as generative instruments. In this paper four generic multi-organizational network actor roles are brought forward (end-customer, main actor, co-ordinating actor, and co-producing actor) given meaning in and further instantiated in generic assignment actor roles based on their involvement in different multi-organizational interaction patterns. Thus, patterns of interaction constituting multi-organizational business processes are distinguished creating the necessary conditions for diverse network actors by the identification of their role in the action logic

Dividing Multi-Organizational Businesses into Processes: Capturing Value Creation in Assignment Structures

Business transactions of today often rely on the involvement of several organizations in its preparation and realization. This means that value creation is distributed among several actors and needs to be coordinated. The division of multi-organizational businesses into business processes need to reflect the co-production of value arranged in distributed value production structures. There relies however an unresolved quest of which criteria that should govern such division of business processes. In this paper, business processes for conceiving multi-organizational businesses are identified founded in how customer assignments embed and integrate other assignments through value chains in value networks. Five core process types are identified founded in this assignment structure; development processes, planning processes, provision processes, order fulfilment processes, and evaluation processes. These processes are of both condition creating and realization characteristics to enable an efficient co-ordination of the multi-organizational business

Survival Rate, Fracture Strength and Failure Mode of Ceramic Implant Abutments After Chewing Simulation

The aim of this study was to compare titanium-reinforced ZrO2 and pure Al2O3 abutments regarding their outcome after chewing simulation and static loading. Forty-eight standard diameter implants with an external hexagon were divided into three groups of 16 implants each and restored with three different types of abutments (group A: ZrO2 abutments with titanium inserts; group B: densely sintered high-purity Al2O3 abutments; group C: titanium abutments). All abutments were fixated on the implants with gold-alloy screws at 32 Ncm torque, and metal crowns were adhesively cemented onto the abutments. The specimens were exposed to 1.2 million cycles in a chewing simulator. Surviving specimens were subsequently loaded until fracture in a static testing device. Fracture loads (N) and fracture modes were recorded. A Wilcoxon Rank test to compare fracture loads among the 3 groups and a Fisher exact test to detect group differences in fracture modes were used for statistical evaluation (

High Mutability of the Tumor Suppressor Genes RASSF1 and RBSP3 (CTDSPL) in Cancer

BACKGROUND:Many different genetic alterations are observed in cancer cells. Individual cancer genes display point mutations such as base changes, insertions and deletions that initiate and promote cancer growth and spread. Somatic hypermutation is a powerful mechanism for generation of different mutations. It was shown previously that somatic hypermutability of proto-oncogenes can induce development of lymphomas. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:We found an exceptionally high incidence of single-base mutations in the tumor suppressor genes RASSF1 and RBSP3 (CTDSPL) both located in 3p21.3 regions, LUCA and AP20 respectively. These regions contain clusters of tumor suppressor genes involved in multiple cancer types such as lung, kidney, breast, cervical, head and neck, nasopharyngeal, prostate and other carcinomas. Altogether in 144 sequenced RASSF1A clones (exons 1-2), 129 mutations were detected (mutation frequency, MF = 0.23 per 100 bp) and in 98 clones of exons 3-5 we found 146 mutations (MF = 0.29). In 85 sequenced RBSP3 clones, 89 mutations were found (MF = 0.10). The mutations were not cytidine-specific, as would be expected from alterations generated by AID/APOBEC family enzymes, and appeared de novo during cell proliferation. They diminished the ability of corresponding transgenes to suppress cell and tumor growth implying a loss of function. These high levels of somatic mutations were found both in cancer biopsies and cancer cell lines. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:This is the first report of high frequencies of somatic mutations in RASSF1 and RBSP3 in different cancers suggesting it may underlay the mutator phenotype of cancer. Somatic hypermutations in tumor suppressor genes involved in major human malignancies offer a novel insight in cancer development, progression and spread

A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales

The Caryophyllales constitute a major lineage of flowering plants with approximately 12500 species in 39 families. A taxonomic backbone at the genus level is provided that reflects the current state of knowledge and accepts 749 genera for the order. A detailed review of the literature of the past two decades shows that enormous progress has been made in understanding overall phylogenetic relationships in Caryophyllales. The process of re-circumscribing families in order to be monophyletic appears to be largely complete and has led to the recognition of eight new families (Anacampserotaceae, Kewaceae, Limeaceae, Lophiocarpaceae, Macarthuriaceae, Microteaceae, Montiaceae and Talinaceae), while the phylogenetic evaluation of generic concepts is still well underway. As a result of this, the number of genera has increased by more than ten percent in comparison to the last complete treatments in the Families and genera of vascular plants” series. A checklist with all currently accepted genus names in Caryophyllales, as well as nomenclatural references, type names and synonymy is presented. Notes indicate how extensively the respective genera have been studied in a phylogenetic context. The most diverse families at the generic level are Cactaceae and Aizoaceae, but 28 families comprise only one to six genera. This synopsis represents a first step towards the aim of creating a global synthesis of the species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales integrating the work of numerous specialists around the world

Seismic Response of the East Flank of the Central Kansas Uplift, Rice County, Kansas

A 7-mi (11.2-km) seismic line across the Lyons anticline just south of Lyons, Rice County, Kansas, shows reflections to the depth of about 3,500 ft (1,070 m) corresponding to the Precambrian Rice Formation. The Lyons anticline is used as a gas storage facility. Although data quality of reflections from the Precambrian is poor, the indication is that the Lyons anticline existed during the Late Proterozoic and that its initial uplift may be related to Keweenawan rifting. Cambrian-Ordovician Arbuckle Group reflections diverge away from the anticline, suggesting that deposition was contemporaneous with uplift. The Middle Ordovician Simpson Group and the Devonian-Mississippian Chattanooga Shale have distinctive reflection characters. Middle and Upper Ordovician Viola and Maquoketa Formations share a single response of a strong transitional, stretched, and positive-polarity peak. Within the Chattanooga Shale is a thin limestone member which forms a distinct positive-polarity reflection. The limestone is seen to truncate over the crest of the Lyons anticline, and apparently thins eastward and is eventually replaced with siltstone. In the Pennsylvanian, the Kansas City, Lansing, and Douglas Groups show a reflection aspect characteristic of a deposition system that is predominantly nonmarine clastic with an associated marginal-marine transport process. Reflections in the Shawnee Group have distinctive but modes amplitude and good continuity. Existence of a possible channel is apparent in the seismic response of the Kanwaka Shale. This feature would be rare to encounter and difficult to characterize if known only from drill data. In the Wabaunsee Group, the Howard Limestone forms a very prominent reflection. The Lower Permian Admire, Council Grove, and Chase Groups have high-amplitude continuous reflections similar to the Wabaunsee, indicating lateral consistency across the section

Seismic Response of the East Flank of the Central Kansas Uplift, Rice County, Kansas

A 7-mi (11.2-km) seismic line across the Lyons anticline just south of Lyons, Rice County, Kansas, shows reflections to the depth of about 3,500 ft (1,070 m) corresponding to the Precambrian Rice Formation. The Lyons anticline is used as a gas storage facility. Although data quality of reflections from the Precambrian is poor, the indication is that the Lyons anticline existed during the Late Proterozoic and that its initial uplift may be related to Keweenawan rifting. Cambrian-Ordovician Arbuckle Group reflections diverge away from the anticline, suggesting that deposition was contemporaneous with uplift. The Middle Ordovician Simpson Group and the Devonian-Mississippian Chattanooga Shale have distinctive reflection characters. Middle and Upper Ordovician Viola and Maquoketa Formations share a single response of a strong transitional, stretched, and positive-polarity peak. Within the Chattanooga Shale is a thin limestone member which forms a distinct positive-polarity reflection. The limestone is seen to truncate over the crest of the Lyons anticline, and apparently thins eastward and is eventually replaced with siltstone. In the Pennsylvanian, the Kansas City, Lansing, and Douglas Groups show a reflection aspect characteristic of a deposition system that is predominantly nonmarine clastic with an associated marginal-marine transport process. Reflections in the Shawnee Group have distinctive but modes amplitude and good continuity. Existence of a possible channel is apparent in the seismic response of the Kanwaka Shale. This feature would be rare to encounter and difficult to characterize if known only from drill data. In the Wabaunsee Group, the Howard Limestone forms a very prominent reflection. The Lower Permian Admire, Council Grove, and Chase Groups have high-amplitude continuous reflections similar to the Wabaunsee, indicating lateral consistency across the section