5,287 research outputs found
Exploiting Sentence Embedding for Medical Question Answering
Despite the great success of word embedding, sentence embedding remains a
not-well-solved problem. In this paper, we present a supervised learning
framework to exploit sentence embedding for the medical question answering
task. The learning framework consists of two main parts: 1) a sentence
embedding producing module, and 2) a scoring module. The former is developed
with contextual self-attention and multi-scale techniques to encode a sentence
into an embedding tensor. This module is shortly called Contextual
self-Attention Multi-scale Sentence Embedding (CAMSE). The latter employs two
scoring strategies: Semantic Matching Scoring (SMS) and Semantic Association
Scoring (SAS). SMS measures similarity while SAS captures association between
sentence pairs: a medical question concatenated with a candidate choice, and a
piece of corresponding supportive evidence. The proposed framework is examined
by two Medical Question Answering(MedicalQA) datasets which are collected from
real-world applications: medical exam and clinical diagnosis based on
electronic medical records (EMR). The comparison results show that our proposed
framework achieved significant improvements compared to competitive baseline
approaches. Additionally, a series of controlled experiments are also conducted
to illustrate that the multi-scale strategy and the contextual self-attention
layer play important roles for producing effective sentence embedding, and the
two kinds of scoring strategies are highly complementary to each other for
question answering problems.Comment: 8 page
Intergenerational engagement with Asian residents in long-term care facilities:a mixed method systematic review
Introduction: Asian countries are experiencing a rapid rise in their aging populations. Cognitive and physical decline associated with aging can limit social interaction. This particularly impacts on those residing in long-term care facilities and engagement with children and young people. Intergenerational engagement has known benefits on the health and wellbeing of older people, it is unclear what the impact of intergeneration engagement interventions might have on older people in Asian long-term care settings. This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness and experiences of intergenerational engagement with older people in long-term care facilities in Asia.Methods: Ten databases were searched to locate empirical studies of any design published in English or Chinese from January 2000 to June 2023. The search was limited to papers reporting effectiveness and/or experiences of intergenerational engagement on older people residing in Asian long-term care settings. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023413935) and followed PRISMA guidelines for reporting. A convergent design employing narrative synthesis was used to synthesize and integrate findings.Results: From initial searches, 1,092 records were identified, of which 13 studies were retained for the review: 7 quantitative (including 1 randomized controlled trial, 1 cross-sectional observational design, and 5 quasi-experimental designs), 3 qualitative, and 3 mixed methods. Included studies were of variable quality. Quantitative evidence revealed that intergenerational engagement reduced depression (4.47 vs. 8.67, p = 0.005), negative emotions (14.11 vs. 16.56, p = 0.030), and feelings of loneliness (p < 0.01) among older people; and increased quality of life (mean change = −1.91; 95% CI = −3.18, −0.64) and strengthens interpersonal interactions (p = 0.025). Qualitative insights suggested that intergenerational engagement could foster emotional bonds, enhance intergenerational relationships, promote lifelong learning, satisfy social needs and improve older peoples’ overall quality of life. However, some challenges such as language differences and noise levels can hinder successful implementation of intergenerational engagement.Conclusion: This review indicates that intergenerational engagement can reduce depression and loneliness, improve quality of life, and strengthen social bonds for older individuals in Asian long-term care facilities. Despite some challenges, the evidence underlines its potential to meet the emotional and social needs of older people. Recognizing and addressing delivery challenges is essential for effective implementation.Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023413935, identifier: CRD42023413935
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Strong Shock Waves Propagating in Dense Deuterium With the Effect of Excited Electrons
We present a molecular dynamics simulation of shock waves propagating in
dense deuterium with the electron force field method [J. T. Su and W. A.
Goddard, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 185003 (2007)], which explicitly takes the
excitation of electrons into consideration. Non-equilibrium features associated
with the excitation of electrons are systematically investigated. We show that
chemical bonds in D molecules lead to a more complicated shock wave
structure near the shock front, compared with the results of classical
molecular dynamics simulation. Charge separation can bring about accumulation
of net charges on the large scale, instead of the formation of a localized
dipole layer, which might cause extra energy for the shock wave to propagate.
In addition, the simulations also display that molecular dissociation at the
shock front is the major factor corresponding to the "bump" structure in the
principal Hugoniot. These results could help to build a more realistic picture
of shock wave propagation in fuel materials commonly used in the inertial
confinement fusion
Analytical approach of late-time evolution in a torsion cosmology
In this letter, we study the late-time evolution of a torsion cosmology only
with the spin- mode. We find three kinds of analytical solutions with a
constant affine scalar curvature. In the first case, it is not physical because
the matter density will be negative. In the second case, it shows that the dark
energy can be mimicked in the torsion cosmological model. In the third case,
the characteristic of late-time evolution is similar to that of the universe of
matter dominant. And we also find a kind of expression with the non-constant
curvature that the periodic character of numerical calculation is only the
reflection of solution in a specific period of evolution. Using these
expressions, we shall be able to predict the evolution over the late-time. From
this prediction, we know the fate of universe that the universe would expand
forever, slowly asymtotically to a halt.Comment: 12pages,6 figure
Investigating the topological structure of quenched lattice QCD with overlap fermions by using multi-probing approximation
The topological charge density and topological susceptibility are determined
by multi-probing approximation using overlap fermions in quenched SU(3) gauge
theory. Then we investigate the topological structure of the quenched QCD
vacuum, and compare it with results from the all-scale topological density, the
results are consistent. Random permuted topological charge density is used to
check whether these structures represent underlying ordered properties.
Pseudoscalar glueball mass is extracted from the two-point correlation function
of the topological charge density. We study ensembles of different lattice
spacing with the same lattice volume , the results are
compatible with the results of all-scale topological charge density, and the
topological structures revealed by multi-probing are much closer to all-scale
topological charge density than that by eigenmode expansion.Comment: 12 pages,34 figure
Enhanced oxidation resistance of active nanostructures via dynamic size effect.
A major challenge limiting the practical applications of nanomaterials is that the activities of nanostructures (NSs) increase with reduced size, often sacrificing their stability in the chemical environment. Under oxidative conditions, NSs with smaller sizes and higher defect densities are commonly expected to oxidize more easily, since high-concentration defects can facilitate oxidation by enhancing the reactivity with O2 and providing a fast channel for oxygen incorporation. Here, using FeO NSs as an example, we show to the contrary, that reducing the size of active NSs can drastically increase their oxidation resistance. A maximum oxidation resistance is found for FeO NSs with dimensions below 3.2 nm. Rather than being determined by the structure or electronic properties of active sites, the enhanced oxidation resistance originates from the size-dependent structural dynamics of FeO NSs in O2. We find this dynamic size effect to govern the chemical properties of active NSs
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