Comparison of methods for sampling saproxylic beetles in fine wood

Three methods for extracting saproxylic beetles from wood samples were compared. The aim with the samples was to collect substrate-specific data on the beetle fauna in different types of small diameter wood. The methods were: (1) sifting – peeling bark from the wood, sifting it and extracting beetles in Tullgren funnels, (2) box-rearing – storing wood in dark wooden boxes and using light to attract emerging beetles; and (3) sack-rearing – hanging the wood in white cotton sacks with a collection vial at the bottom. Rearing sacks gave the species richest samples. Box-rearing gave similar results, but some small beetle species, especially Staphylinidae, were less frequent. Sifting was not useful for species occurring as larvae in the wood, but gave results similar to the two rearing methods for most species that occurred as adults, and was the most efficient method for the Staphylinidae. The two rearing methods were somewhat more labour intensive than sifting, but produced more beetles per sample. Sack-rearing was somewhat more efficient than box-rearing

Valg: en velsignelse eller forbannelse?: effekten av fondsguide på salg av investeringsfond

I takt med et stadig økende spekter av mulige produkt- og tjenestevarianter vokser også vår frihet til å velge blant de ulike alternativer. Denne eksplosjonen av nye produkter er ment å gi oss muligheten til å velge akkurat det alternativet som passer våre preferanser best. Men klarer vi faktisk å velge når alternativene blir mange? Målet med denne oppgaven er todelt. Først å undersøke hvilke innvirkninger bruk av et valgforenklingsverktøy, som reduserer alternativer basert på kundepreferanser, har på salg og kundetilfredshet. Sekundert å undersøke om bruk av et valgforenklingsverktøy påvirker eventuelle effekter kognitiv utmattelse har i en valgprosess. Som svar på vårt første mål fant vi at bruk av et valgforenklingsverktøy fører til at kunden i større grad opplever å ha gjort et rett valg. Denne effekten ser vi i kombinasjon med økt salg. Som svar på vårt andre mål har vi gjort et spennende funn. Vi fant at kognitiv utmattelse reduserer kundens tilfredshet ved valg, men at bruk av et valgforenklingsverktøy utligner den negative effekten. Til slutt fant vi at personlighetstrekket selvkontroll modererer effekten kognitiv utmattelse har på kundetilfredshet ved valg. Vi er overbeviste om at våre funn, i kombinasjon med videre forskning, vil være nyttig for virksomheter som selger varer og/eller tjenester i tiden fremover.nhhma

Sample Preparation for in vitro Analysis of Iodine in Thyroid Tissue using X-ray Fluorescence

Iodine is enriched and stored in the thyroid gland. Due to several factors, the size of the thyroid iodine pool varies both between individuals and within individuals over time. Excess iodine as well as iodine deficiency may promote thyroid cancer. Therefore, knowledge of iodine content and distribution within thyroid cancer tissue is of interest. X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) are two methods that can be used to assess iodine content in thyroid tissue. With both techniques, choice of sample preparation affects the results. Aldehyde fixatives are required for SIMS analysis while a freezing method might be satisfactory for XRF analysis. The aims of the present study were primarily to evaluate a simple freezing technique for preserving samples for XRF analysis and also to use XRF to evaluate the efficacy of using aldehyde fixatives to prepare samples for SIMS analysis. Ten porcine thyroids were sectioned into four pieces that were either frozen or fixed in formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, or a modified Karnovsky fixative. The frozen samples were assessed for iodine content with XRF after 1 and 2 months, and the fixed samples were analyzed for iodine content after 1 week. Freezing of untreated tissue yielded no significant iodine loss, whereas fixation with aldehydes yielded an iodine loss of 14–30%, with Karnovsky producing the least loss

On a Constitutive Material Model to Capture Time Dependent Behaviour of Cortical Bone

It is commonly known that cortical bone exhibits viscoelastic-viscoplastic behavior which affects the biomechanical response when an implant is subjected to an external load. In addition, long term effects such as creep, relaxation and remodeling affect the success of the implant over time. Constitutive material models are commonly derived from data obtained in\ua0in vitro\ua0experiments. However during function, remodeling of bone greatly affects the bone material over time. Hence it is essential to include long term\ua0in vivo\ua0effects in a constitutive model of bone. This paper proposes a constitutive material model for cortical bone incorporating viscoelasticity, viscoplasticity, creep and remodeling to predict stress-strain at various strain rates as well as the behavior of bone over time\ua0in vivo. The rheological model and its parameters explain the behavior of bone subjected to longitudinal loading. By a proper set of model parameters, for a specific cortical bone, the present model can be used for prediction of the behavior of this bone under specific loading conditions. In addition simulation with the proposed model demonstrates excellent agreement to\ua0in vitro\ua0and\ua0in vivo\ua0experimental results in the literature

Charge Fractionalization on Quantum Hall Edges

We discuss the propagation and fractionalization of localized charges on the edges of quantum Hall bars of variable widths, where interactions between the edges give rise to Luttinger liquid behavior with a non-trivial interaction parameter g. We focus in particular on the separation of an initial charge pulse into a sharply defined front charge and a broader tail. The front pulse describes an adiabatically dressed electron which carries a non-integer charge, which is \sqrt{g} times the electron charge. We discuss how the presence of this fractional charge can, in principle, be detected through measurements of the noise in the current created by tunneling of electrons into the system. The results are illustrated by numerical simulations of a simplified model of the Hall bar.Comment: 15 page

The Importance of Recognition for Equal Representation in Participatory Processes: Lessons from Husby

Despite the ambition to involve people on more equal terms, participation often still means that the audience is involved in clearly demarcated parts of the process and attempts to develop more deliberative democratic processes in urban planning often fail due to unequal representation in the participatory process. While sharing the general idea of the value of participatory processes, we will investigate some problematic features involved and suggest how some of these can be remedied. We employ the concept of recognition to analyse the conditions for public participation in a recent case of urban planning in the Stockholm suburb of Husby. This case is particularly interesting as it clearly demonstrates the impact of globalisation on local participatory processes. The results show the importance of broad recognition for equal representation in participatory processes, and the need for a plurality of public spheres to support long-term participation in the development of the common urban space

Taxonomy of the lichen family Teloschistaceae based on multigene phylogeny

The lichen family Teloschistaceae (Teloschistales, lichenized Ascomycota) included ten genera and ca 500 species prior to the molecular era (Kärnefelt 1989). Since then, molecular studies resulted in today's ca 112 genera and ca 1200 species (e.g., Fayyaz et al. 2022; Kondratyuk et al. 2022a, 2022b). New species and genera in the Teloschistaceae, based on recently discovered monophyletic branches, are presented

Are there sharp fractional charges in Luttinger liquids?

We examine charge fractionalization by chiral separation in a one-dimensional fermion system described by Luttinger liquid theory. The focus is on the question of whether the fractional charges are quantum mechanically sharp, and in the analysis we make a distinction between the global charge, which is restricted by boundary conditions, and the local charge where a background contribution is subtracted. We show, by way of examples, that fractional charges of arbitrary values, all which are quantum mechanically sharp, can be introduced by different initial conditions. Since the system is gapless, excitations of arbitrary low frequency contribute to the fluctuations, it is important to make a precise definition of sharp charges, and this we we do by subtraction of the ground state contribution. We very briefly comment on the relevance of our analysis for proposed experiments.Comment: One reference update

Deliberation, Representation, Equity: Research Approaches, Tools and Algorithms for Participatory Processes

In democratic societies there is widespread acknowledgment of the need to incorporate citizens’ input in decision-making processes in more or less structured ways. But participatory decision making is balancing on the borders of inclusion, structure, precision and accuracy. To simply enable more participation will not yield enhanced democracy, and there is a clear need for more elaborated elicitation and decision analytical tools. This rigorous and thought-provoking volume draws on a stimulating variety of international case studies, from flood risk management in the Red River Delta of Vietnam, to the consideration of alternatives to gold mining in Roșia Montană in Transylvania, to the application of multi-criteria decision analysis in evaluating the impact of e-learning opportunities at Uganda's Makerere University. This book is important new reading for decision makers in government, public administration and urban planning, as well as students and researchers in the fields of participatory democracy, urban planning, social policy, communication design, participatory art, decision theory, risk analysis and computer and systems sciences

Coordination in networks for improved mental health service

<!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Times; panose-1:2 2 6 3 5 4 5 2 3 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-format:other; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; mso-hyphenate:none; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB; mso-fareast-language:AR-SA;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --><p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times; color: black;" lang="EN-GB">Background</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times; color: black;" lang="EN-GB">: Well-organised clinical cooperation between health and social services has been difficult to achieve in Sweden as in other countries.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times; color: black;" lang="EN-GB">Purpose</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times; color: black;" lang="EN-GB">: This paper presents an empirical study of a mental health coordination network in one area in Stockholm. The aim was to describe the development and nature of coordination within a mental health and social care consortium and to assess the impact on care processes and client outcomes.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times; color: black;" lang="EN-GB">Method</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times; color: black;" lang="EN-GB">: Data was gathered through interviews with coordina­tors from three rehabilitation units. The interviews focused on coordination activities aimed at supporting the clients’ needs and investigated how the coordinators acted according to the consortium's holistic approach. Data on The Camberwell Assess­ment of Need (CAN-S) showing clients’ satisfaction was used to assess on set of outcomes. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times; color: black;" lang="EN-GB">Findings</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times; color: black;" lang="EN-GB">: The findings revealed different coordination <span>activities and </span>factors both helping and hindering the network coordination activities. One factor helping was the history of local and personal informal cooperation and shared responsibilities evident. Unclear roles and routines hindered cooperation</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times; color: black;" lang="EN-GB">Practical</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times; color: black;" lang="EN-GB"> <strong>value</strong>: The contribution is an empirical example and a model for organisations establishing structures for network coordination. One l<span>esson for current policy about integrated health care is to adapt and implement ”pair coordinators” where full structural integration is not possible.</span> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times;" lang="EN-GB">Another lesson, based on the idea of patient quality by coordinated care, is specific to adapt the work of the local psychiatric addictive team – an independent special team in the psychiatric outpatient care serving psychotic clients with complex addictive problems. </span></p