Warum ist Deutschland Exportweltmeister? Der Einfluss laufender internationaler Transfers

Der Außenbeitrag einer Ökonomie wird nach dem intertemporalen Ansatz zum Verständnis der Leistungsbilanz verursacht durch inländische Spar- und Investitionsentscheidungen. Dieser Ansatz wird erweitert umeine theoretische und empirische Analyse der Auswirkungen laufender internationaler Transfers auf den Außenbeitrag. Es zeigt sich, dass über 85% des Exportüberschusses der Bundesrepublik Deutschland durch internationale Transfers verursacht werden. --Außenbeitrag,Exportüberschuß,internationale Transfers,Bundesrepublik Deutschland

When cultures clash:Links between perceived cultural distance in values and attitudes towards migrants

Migration elicits mixed reactions from the host‐society. Negative responses towards migrants seem to emerge when migrants are perceived as culturally different. We investigated when and why perceived cultural distance (PCD) is associated with negative migrant attitudes by focussing on differences in cultural values. We expected that PCD in social values (focus on relationships and society) should be more strongly associated with attitudes towards migrants than personal values (individual needs and gains) and should be mediated by symbolic threat. In two quasi‐experimental studies (N = 200, N = 668) with Dutch participants (host‐society), we simultaneously tested effects of respondents’ perception of Dutch values, their perceptions of migrant values (of Moroccan, Syrian, Polish ethnic origin), and PCD between Dutch‐migrant value on attitudes. For all migrant groups, PCD in social values was associated with more negative attitudes, less tolerance, and less policy support regarding migrants; this was mediated by symbolic threat. These links were weaker for personal values

Viking Age garden plants from southern Scandinavia: diversity, taphonomy and cultural aspects

Plant finds recovered from archaeological sites in southern Scandinavia dated to the Viking Age reflect the diversity of useful plants that were cultivated and collected. This review presents the results of 14 investigations of deposits that are dated between AD 775 and 1050. The site types are categorized as agrarian, urban, military and burials. Garden plants are unevenly distributed, as the greatest diversity is recorded in features from urban contexts. We argue that taphonomic processes played an important role in the picture displayed. Archaeobotanical research results from neighbouring regions suggest that Viking Age horticulture has its roots in older traditions, and that the spectrum of garden plants is influenced by central and north-western European horticultural customs, which were to a great extent shaped by Roman occupation