Civil War Diary and Military Papers of Colonel William Hanna

This typed transcription of William Hanna’s diary and military papers that were compiled and edited by Dr. R.C. Slater of La Salle, Illinois in 1960 is part of McKee Library\u27s Thomas Memorial Collection.https://knowledge.e.southern.edu/thomasmemorialcollection/1022/thumbnail.jp

A Study utilizing halftone based digital proofing systems in the flexographic printing process

Contract proofing for printing has been traditionally done by press proofing. This is costly and wasteful, not just in terms of equipment and labor but also in terms of expendables. The advent of off-press proofing was greeted with some degree of uncertainty by the printing industry. With press proofing, the proof was literally a preview of what would happen on a press. The press proof, although often printed on a different press, generally used the same type of inks, plates and substrate that would characterize the final print. With offpress proofing, printers were comparing apples to oranges; instead of comparing a press sheet to a press sheet they were comparing a press sheet to an approximation of a press sheet. However, over time as printers learned to read off-press proofs, they became accepted as contract proofs. The same situation has now befallen digital proofs. In the particular case of flexography, the proofing problem is a bit different. Off-press analog proofs were designed with lithography in mind, they were characterized to simulate lithographic dot gain. In order to make a proof that looks like a flexographic press sheet, two sets of films are required; one which compensates for flexographic dot gain (this is the set from which the job would be printed) and one which has extra dot gain built into the highlight and quarter- tones (this is the set that the proof would be made from). This extra set of films is wasteful and time consuming to generate. Digital proofing seems to be well suited for flexography, because the dot gain can be built into the proofing system and no extra film is required to create the proof. At the most basic level there are two types of digital proofers available; those which simulate halftone dots and those that do not. Whether or not the dots are necessary is open to discussion, however, in the case of flexography the dots appear to be crucial. For this research document it was decided that the halftone dots were preferred. The reason for this is that at about 133 lpi the rosette patterns formed by halftone dots are at the threshold of resolution by the human eye. For more course screen rulings this is even more critical. Much of flexography is printed at screen rulings of 133 lpi or lower, so very often the dots can be resolved by the eye. Therefore, the mindset at the beginning of the research was that if the dots can be resolved on the press sheet then the dots should be resolved on the proof. The major thrust of this research was to observe whether or not a halftone-based digital proofer can simulate the appearance of a flexographic press sheet. A flexographic test form was created and printed on a film based substrate. A press sheet was sent to two vendors who manufacture halftone proofers. The proofing systems are not mentioned by name; they are instead referred to as Digital Proof A and B. They then attempted to match the press sheet as closely as possible. Thus, through reverse engineering, the vendors created a device profile for this set of printing conditions. Upon receipt of the proofs, they were compared to the press sheet in terms of optical density, hue (AE) and halftone dot size. Later, a visual assessment was executed to observe how closely the digital proofs matched the press sheet using a 3M Matchprint, that had been altered to approximate flexography, as the reference or control proof. The results showed that there were significant differences between proof and press sheet in some instances and insignificant differences in others. In terms of the physical structure of the halftone dots, the 3M Matchprint had the closest match to the press sheet dot structure. In terms of physical dot size; digital proof A best matched the 50 and 75% dots and the Matchprint matched the 5% dots the best. In terms of optical density; digital proof A best matched the density of the 25% dots, digital proof B best matched the density of the 5% dots and the Matchprint best matched the 50 and 75% dot patches. In terms of AE values (color or hue difference); the Matchprint most closely matched the press sheet, digital proof B was next, and digital proof A was last. In terms of a visual match, the three proofs were found to be statistically equal in their ability to visually match the press sheet. The visual match being the most powerful of the criteria; shows that the measurable differences in the proofs did not directly affect their ability to match the press sheet. The results show that either of the two halftone digital proofs could have been used in place of the 3M Matchprint. The results also question the need for halftone dots in a proof. This is primarily because the two halftone digital proofs utilized a different RIP than the Agfa generated films for the 3M Matchprint and flexographic press sheet. Yet the visual observations made by the judges could not, at a normal viewing distance, discern this difference. The conclusion is that there is no visual difference between the halftone digital proofs and the 3M Matchprint proof in terms of visually matching the press sheet

New England Pilots in the Lafayette Flying Corps

The Lafayette Flying Corps was the name given to a group of American pilots who flew with the French Air Service during World War 1. More than 200 Americans became expatriates, for a time at least, in order to try to qualify to fly the latest French fighter planes against the Germans. By war\u27s end the 180 who succeeded were serving in 93 French squadrons. Although most later transferred to the U.S. Air Service, it was their days in the Lafayette Flying Corps and its most elite squadron, the Lafayette Escadrille which recalled the fondest memories among survivors. Of the 180 Americans who flew with the Lafayette, 30 had lived all or part of their lives in New England. An examination of their careers will show that, although they did share certain attributes like courage, self-confidence and love of adventure, they were indeed a mixed crew, difficult to classify and largely indifferent to the glamour of knighthood

Varying Levels of Morality Awareness in Corrections Officers

Morality has been a focus in criminal justice with recent events involving officers. This quantitative study offered research in the criminal justice field regarding the moral awareness of corrections officers. The main research question investigated the relationship between the security level of the prison unit in which a corrections officer works and his or her level of morality awareness. The study surveyed corrections officers of prison units in the Ohio Department of Rehabilitations and Corrections and focused on morality awareness of corrections officers. The independent variable was the security level of the prison unit worked in. The dependent variables were the correlational scores of the Defining Issues Test-2nd edition and the Corrections Officer Perception Survey. The security level of the prison unit was analyzed with a multiple regression analysis and concluded the significant difference of the security level. A paired sample t test and general linear multivariate analysis was conducted to determine the relation of variables. The results showed there was a correlation of general morality and morality in the workplace, but there was no significant difference between these two areas nor was there any significant difference in morality between the security levels of the prison units worked in. The lack of understanding and knowledge surrounding morality awareness of corrections officers involving sexual misconduct and other unethical acts has left the criminal justice field in a vulnerable position. This study contributes to social change by incorporating morality awareness of corrections officers that could be checked in preemployment screening in the future. These findings could also assist in reducing future lawsuits inviting all criminal justice employees to participate in future studies of morality awareness to assist in the same preventions

Novel Conditioning Protocols Focusing on Oxygen Manipulation to Enhance Stem Cell Transplantation

Musculoskeletal tissue engineering involves the creation of multiple tissue types that interact together to form a particular function related to motion and maintaining the body\u27s frame. In order to create a fully functional musculoskeletal system, a concrete method for the creation of the different tissue types must first be completed. Of the different tissue components related to the function of a musculoskeletal system, these studies deal with preconditioning circumstances of stem cells that will differentiate into cartilage and bone. These studies also deal with methods for the creation of functional bone and cartilage to be combined for the creation of a musculoskeletal system. The idea of ischemic preconditioning, a solution for the improvement of implanted cerebral and cardiovascular tissues, was adapted in this study to show that it eases the transition of cells implanted into a injury site to have increased engraftment and survival compared to current methods. It was also determined that HIFs are vital to this increased survival of stem cells in a toxic injury environment. That information translated to the second study dealing with HIF-2\u27s involvement in the onset of hypertrophy. This study contributes to the field that through HIF-2 inhibition stem cells undergoing chondrogenesis will maintain a healthy phenotype providing proper mechanical function as found in native cartilage. Overall, these two studies added information relating to how stem cells could be prepared for the creation of a musculoskeletal system for implantation into defect systems

A digital video system for observing and recording occultations

Stellar occultations by asteroids and outer solar system bodies can offer ground based observers with modest telescopes and camera equipment the opportunity to probe the shape, size, atmosphere and attendant moons or rings of these distant objects. The essential requirements of the camera and recording equipment are: good quantum efficiency and low noise, minimal dead time between images, good horological faithfulness of the image time stamps, robustness of the recording to unexpected failure, and low cost. We describe the Astronomical Digital Video occultation observing and recording System (ADVS) which attempts to fulfil these requirements and compare the system with other reported camera and recorder systems. Five systems have been built, deployed and tested over the past three years, and we report on three representative occultation observations: one being a 9 +/-1.5 second occultation of the trans-Neptunian object 28978 Ixion (mv=15.2) at 3 seconds per frame, one being a 1.51 +/-0.017 second occultation of Deimos, the 12~km diameter satellite of Mars, at 30 frames per second, and one being a 11.04 +/-0.4 second occultation, recorded at 7.5 frames per second, of the main belt asteroid, 361 Havnia, representing a low magnitude drop (Dmv = 0.4) occultation.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables, accepted to Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia (PASA