Effects of storage temperature and storage duration of biodiesel properties, visual appearances and emision

Biofuels based on vegetable oils offer the advantage being a sustainable and environmentally attractive alternative to conventional petroleum based fuel. Biodiesel is produced from any fat or oil such as soybean oil, through a refinery process called transesterification. The key issue in using vegetable oil-based fuels is oxidation stability, stoichiometric point, bio-fuel composition, antioxidants on the degradation and much oxygen with comparing to diesel gas oil. Biodiesel can be used as a pure fuel or blended with petroleum in any percentage but the standard storage and handling procedures used for biodiesel are the main issue due to the biodiesel fuel specifications. In the quest for fulfill the industry specifications standard; the fuel should be stored in a clean, dry and dark environment. In this research, three different storage temperature were study which are; low (0 – 5 °C), ambient (25 – 29 °C), and high (40 – 50 °C). The key parameters that are required to store biodiesel are discussed, and the recent research advances are noted. Five types of biodiesel after storage all the samples for 2016 hours were tested plus with two product of combustion. Images analysis for combustion process was used to image appearances analysis. Under 2016 hours of storage duration, the effect of degradation was happen although the effect is not significance because the changes are still in acceptable ranges

Ray Tracing Analysis For Wireless Propagation

This report discusses the progress done of the chosen topic, which is Ray Tracing Analysis For Wireless Propagation. The objectives of the project are to develop MATLAB code using Ray Tracing Analysis for Wireless Propagation in the jungle and also to be able to analyze specific problems using Ray Tracing Analysis and the code developed. The developed code will also be used in comparison to another graph in a journal written by Wilbur R. Vincent [1]. Propagation in the jungle may be difficult due to multilevel canopy and the foliage that has been the cause of scattering of VHF radio waves. Ray-tracing method will be used with the aid of MATLAB-based calculation to analyze the problems on those situations. The usage of Graphical User Interface (GUI) can help to visualize the path of the ray. This will increase the efficiency of calculation and reduce the time taken for computin

Study of a New Air Intake System for a Single Cylinder, Fuel Injection, 4 stroke Go-Kart engine

This report basically discusses the research done on target of designing a new air intake manifold for a Go-Kart engine. Currently the engine has difficulty in controlling fuel consumption and also emission. The objective of the research is to study a proper new air intake manifold for the conversion of a 200cc single cylinder engine from carburetor to electronic fuel injection. The study concentrates on flow characteristics in the new design of an air intake manifold that can house the electronic fuel injector as well as achieving a considerable output performance. In the content, there is the specification of the K200 engine. The report also tells on the background study conducted on obtaining enough information on the engine’s behavior. A study was done on the influence of the intake manifold geometry on the performance of engine at wide range of RPM. The study was mainly to see the characteristics of air flow to the combustion chamber through an intake manifold. The study involves modeling a real combustion chamber using CATIA V5, 3D meshing and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling. To further strengthen the study, a flow bench experiment was conducted to validate the same condition as in the CFD. The desired results from both tests are the mass flow rate of air at specific point of the air path. Based on the preliminary results, the author proposed a design which utilizes a bell mouth and diffuser shape intake manifold design. The results of the CFD for the new design showed an increase in the mass flow rate of air entering the combustion chamber

Hubungan di antara pengaturan kerja fleksibel dan prestasi pekerja dalam kalangan ejen insurans wanita

Ejen insurans merupakan jurujual pertengahan bagi syarikat insurans di mana mereka memainkan peranan penting dalam memberi khidmat nasihat kewangan (Hannah, 2011). Ejen insurans bekerja berdasarkan persekitaran pengaturan kerja yang fleksibel di mana mereka boleh menyediakan jadual waktu bekerja sendiri. Sebahagian daripada mereka bertemu dengan pelanggan pada waktu perniagaan siang hari, sementara yang lain pula membuat kertas kerja dan menyediakan konsultasi untuk pelanggan pada waktu petang. Kebanyakan mereka bekerja selama 40 jam seminggu dan ada juga beberapa ejen yang bekerja lebih lama daripada 40 jam (Hannah, 2011). Prestasi ejen insurans sangat penting untuk mengekalkan jenama produk insurans. Penilaian terhadap prestasi di kalangan ejen insurans biasanya bergantung kepada kejayaan atau kegagalan mencapai sasaran penjualan (Insurance Agent Job Overview, 2019). Proses menjual produk insurans memerlukan masa kerana mereka perlu mendekati pelanggan sebanyak mungkin dan ketersediaan waktu bekerja yang tidak tetap

Overview effect of biodiesel storage on properties and characteristics

Abstract. Biofuels based on vegetable oils offer the advantage being a sustainable and environmen-tally attractive alternative to conventional petroleum based fuel. The key issue in using vegetable oil-based fuels is oxidation stability, stoichiometric point, bio-fuel composition, antioxidants on the degradation and much oxygen with comparing to diesel gas oil. This provides a critical review of current understanding of main factor in storage method which affecting the biodiesel properties and characteristics. In the quest for fulfill the industry specifications standard; the fuel should be stored in a clean, dry and dark environment. Water and sediment contamination are basically housekeep-ing issues for biodiesel. Degradation by oxidation yields products that may compromise fuel proper-ties, impair fuel quality and engine performance. The effect of storage method on the fuel properties and burning process in biodiesel fuel combustion will strongly affects the exhaust emissions

Claim Management System (CMS)

Claim Management System (CMS) is a comprehensive automated health claim management solution that automates the functions carried out by Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), panel clinics and panel hospitals. It carries the process from health claim processing / adjudication over the Internet to the financial and medical auditing of all activities in the organization. It is regarded as a technical breakthrough in the administration of health care that guarantees prompt investigation and accurate claims settlement over the Internet with no human intervention, while maintaining the highest levels of security. CMS manages the claims records more consistently and effectively where the paper-based ways will be reduced or even eliminated. Furthermore, CMS introduces a new way in managing organization's activities in a Web-based applications environment, which is more productive and time-saving. In addition, CMS provides the UUM, panel clinics and panel hospitals abilities to work efficiently and effectively using the Web-based application. The study was carried out in order to produce a Web-based application of Claim Management System (CMS). CMS is a Web-based application system that offers online transaction in managing health claims or medical benefit. The System Development Research Methodology is the methodology used in the study. The CMS prototype is built using the Microsoft SQL Server 2000 as relational database, together with Active Server Pages (ASP) as the middleware and Internet Information Server (11s) 5.0 as the Web server. The benefits of these technologies are discussed in this study. The combination of these technologies makes the CMS featured with many benefits that are believed can enhance today's claim system

Evaluation of Pedestrian Walking Speed in Rail Transit Terminal

Current trend shows an exponential increase in rail traffic passenger volume, causing more attention must be paid to the crowd safety in rail transit terminal (RTT). In Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur Sentral Station (KLSS) is the largest transit terminal and as of 2017, the commuters at KLSS have reached 180,000. With this substantial number of commuters, walking might be difficult especially during peak hours. Hence, a better understanding of crowd dynamics is the key to plan and manage the pedestrians’ flow in RTT. One of important crowd attributes that crucial to be quantified specifically is walking speed. While walking speed has been studied in general, such analysis specific to RTT commuters is still lacking. In this contribution, the main objective is to evaluate the walking speed of the commuters in KLSS by considering different pedestrians walking categories, like normal walking, walking with luggage and walking while looking at the gadget in hand. Data gathering was conducted by video footage during peak hours (morning, afternoon and evening) for four consecutive days. Total of 26 videos with 10 minutes duration were recorded and each video was analyzed using Autodesk Maya (2016) software with Human Behavior Simulator (HBS) plug-in. As the preliminary findings, the average walking speed of 393 pedestrians was 1.4 m/s. The average walking speed for normal walking female pedestrians was 1.46 m/s (morning), 1.34 m/s (afternoon), and 1.36 m/s (evening) and for normal walking male pedestrians was 1.38 m/s (morning), 1.44 m/s (afternoon), and 1.39 m/s (evening). Meanwhile, the average walking speed of male walking with luggage was 1.24 m/s (morning), 1.38 m/s (afternoon) and 1.38 m/s (evening) and for female walking with luggage was 1.14 m/s (morning), 1.27 m/s (afternoon) and 1.38 m/s (evening). Furthermore, the average walking speed of male walking with gadget was 1.01 m/s (morning), 1.41 m/s (afternoon) and 1.40 m/s (evening) and for female walking with gadget was 1.04 m/s (morning), 1.38 m/s (afternoon) and 1.32 m/s (evening). Male walking speed is higher compare to female in all three categories with 1.4%, 5.6% and 2.4% different in average walking speed for normal walking, walking with luggage and walking with gadget, respectively

ANALISIS KARAKTERISTIK USAHA PERTANIAN KOTA DI KOTA PONTIANAK

ABSTRACT Agriculture is a marginal economic activities that  can be found in the city and suburbs in Pontianak. Although classified as a sector of the economy that provide a small share in GDP Pontianak, agriculture is still the right activities performed by most people of Pontianak city. BPS data show that the structure of the economy in some big cities in Java such as Jakarta and Yogyakarta, the share of agriculture in its GDP does not exceed 0.5% during the period of seven years (2006-2012). The aims of this are (1) to identify offenders who farm in Pontianak, (2) to access the main motivations of farmers in agricultural activities and (3) to identify the status of the land used by farmers for agricultural activities. The sample in this study are 100 farmers spread across the city of Pontianak. Method used in this study is the descriptive qualitative using frequency distribution table. The conclusion of this study are that farmers of Pontianak city majority of men with an aged range mostly 35-54 years and most of the inhabitants are Javaness and Maduraness. The level of education of farmers is low and farmers are less able get other job except farming, so the economic factor is the main motivation of farmers in agricultural activities in Pontianak city. Hobby is dominant factor in motivating farmers involved in urban agriculture. Land used by farmers are idle land belonging to other people and the government, and some are on their own land in the form of yard and porch. Keywords: Urban Agriculture, Pontianak City