Efficacy of Non-thermal Ultrasound in the Management of Breast Engorgement in Post-partum Women: A randomized controlled trial

Breast engorgement is one of the main reasons why women throughout the world stop or reduce the duration of breast feeding. The objective of the study, was to determine the efficacy of non-thermal ultrasound in the management of breast engorgement. Fifty-two postpartum women with breast engorgement were included in the study and were randomly assigned to an experimental group and a control group of 26 participants each. Pain and breast engorgement were assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the six-point engorgement scale (SPES), pre- and post-intervention in both groups. The experimental group received non-thermal therapeutic ultrasound therapy along with conventional treatment interventions for two days while the control group only received conventional treatment for two days. The control group received massage, advice on proper latching technique and the use of bra. Results indicate a significant (P<0.05) difference in symptoms of breast engorgement between pre-intervention and post-intervention in both groups, with greater reduction in symptoms in the experimental group. Also, a maximum of two days was found to be effective in the management of breast engorgement in the experimental group. The use of therapeutic non-thermal ultrasound for 3 treatment sessions in two successive days was effective in the management of breast engorgement and is recommended for use in physiotherapy clinical settings.KEY WORDS: breast engorgement, non-thermal ultrasound, postpartum, pai

Social Welfare Politics in Contemporary Indonesia: Understanding the Social Welfare System Vision in Act 11 of 2009

This study attempts to understand how the social welfare politics developed in the contemporary Indonesian politics work by focusing on the policy making process of Act 11 of 2009 on social welfare. The research focuses on trying to understand the vision, ideological thinking, and welfare scheme model envisioned by the formulators of the policy when designing social welfare system in Indonesia. By employing analyses on three important dimensions of policy which are context, substance, and process of policy this study finds that social welfare policy design in Indonesia is built in particular, not universal. Social welfare scheme is a response of the state to discipline social problems more than an expression of state responsibility towards the fulfillment of citizens' basic rights in the citizenship framework. Aside from that, tendencies of being output oriented and strong bureaucratization arise in its implementation design. There is no clarity of the ideological choice and distinction in the existing social welfare scheme. The matter is confirmed when the formulation process of Act 11 of 2009 shows that the different political parties with different ideological background, and different constituent basis did not have different perspectives and ideological contestations. Ideological debates were absent

Welfare Politics in Contemporary Indonesia; Examining Welfare Vision of Law 11/2009

This article presents a picture of contemporary welfare politics in Indonesia. Adopted in the light of broken welfare-oriented programes initiated by national and local administrations, it was hoped that Law 11/2009 would provide a clearer direction for the development of welfare systems in Indonesia. However, analysis of the formulation and content of the law, together with interviews and session notes indicate that such expectations are unlikely to be fulfilled. The legislation process in parliament (DPR) lacked any ideological or substantive debate, while the content fails to present a clear vision of welfare, except as a residual-like model and with characteristics of a benevolent state. This social welfare law has thoroughly failed to act as a blueprint for the Indonesian welfare ideal

Effect of Zn(II) deposition in soil on mulberry-silk worm food chain

The present study was conducted to evaluate the entrance of Zn(II) into the food chain of Bombyx mori (silk worm) from mulberry plants irrigated using Zn(II) containing synthetic effluents. The soil, plant, silkworm and their excreta were sampled to determine Zn(II) amount by using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The amount of Zn(II) deposited by synthetic effluent to soil was increased with pH of the effluent. However, the bioaccumaltion of Zn(II) in Morus alba leaves and B. mori larvae was high when the effluent pH was in the acidic range. B. mori excreted considerable amount of Zn(II) but still most of Zn(II) resided inside its body. The maximum Zn(II) amount detected in soil, leaves, larvae andfaeces were 386.51 ± 0.03, 142.85 ± 0.001, 91.375 ± 0.019 and 42.13 ± 0.69 mg/kg, respectively. Zn(II) present in B. mori body was responsible for toxic effects on its life cycle. First instar of B. mori was most affected by Zn(II) toxicity. Body length, body weight of B. mori decreased with increase in bioaccumlated Zn(II) amount in larval body. Higher Zn(II) concentration in larval body increased B. mori death rate significantly

Perilaku Rumahtangga Miskin dalam Perawatan Kehamilan di Desa Muntuk, Kecamatan Dlingo, Kabupaten Bantul

Perilaku perawatan kehamilan adalah salah satu aspek dan upaya yang penting dilakukan untuk mengurangi jumlah kematian ibu dan kematian bayi. Rumahtangga miskin merupakan rumahtangga yang rentan untuk tidak melakukan perawatan kehamilan atau pemeriksaan antenatal care. Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah untuk menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku perawatan kehamilan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan melakukan survey dan wawancara terstruktur terhadap semua rumahtangga miskin yang mendapatkan bantuan berupa Raskin yaitu di Desa Banjarharjo 1 (49 rumahtangga) dan Desa Banjarharjo 2 (95 rumahtangga). Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis inferensial yang berupa uji korelasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perilaku perawatan kehamilan memiliki hubungan dengan faktor umur kepala rumahtangga, akses, dan kondisi ekonomi

Kitsch dalam Iklan TV Komersial dan Selera Konsumer Indonesia

Iklan TV komersial memiliki hubungan timbal Balik dengan selera konsumer. Penelitian mengenai iklan TV bermuatan kitsch, yang sering dikaitkan dengan selera rendah ini, mencoba menjawab bagaimana gambaran selera masyarakat konsumer Indonesia pada tahun 2015. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode lintas disiplin dengan pendekatan Cultural studies. Penelitian ini menguraikan gambaran selera massa konsumer Indonesia sebagai dampak dari tayangan iklan TV komersial. Dengan mengambil sampel “Iklan Biji Selasih Serbuk Panas Dalam Bintang Toedjoe”, didapati bahwa iklan tersebut mengandung unsur budaya global yang bercampur (hibrid) dengan budaya lokal dan mitos populer khas Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa selera masyarakat Indonesia, terutama kelas menengah bawah, sangat terkait dengan karakter manusia Indonesia yang memiliki naluri berkesenian yang tinggi, suka pamer, percaya tahayul, mudah dipengaruhi oleh budaya dari luar, dan bersifat hipokrit

Analisis Faktor-faktor Pembentuk Kinerja (Rgec) pada Perbankan Indonesia: (Studi Kasus pada Bank yang Terdaftar di Bei Periode 2010-2013)

The purpose of this research is to analyze the major factors that forming the performance of the banks in Indonesia based on Risk Profile, Good Corporate Governance, Earnings, and Capital (RGEC) financial ratios. Variables used in this research are financial ratio that make up the RGEC model on bank performance consists of Net Performing Loan (NPL), Interest Expense Ratio (IER),Loan to Deposit ratio (LDR), Loan to Asset Ratio (LAR), and Cash Ratio(CR) as Risk Profile aspect, self-assessment bank rating is an aspect of Good Corporate Governance, Gross ProfitMargin (GPM), Gross Yield on Total Assets (GOTA), Net Interest Margin (NIM), Net ProfitMargin (NPM), Profit Margin (PM),Return on Equity (ROE), Return on Assets (ROA), Return onTotal Assets (ROTA), and Beban Operasional per Pendapatan Operasioanal (BOPO) as Earnings aspect, and then Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Deposit Risk Ratio (DRR), Primary Ratio (PR), and Risk Assets Ratio (RAR) as Capital aspect.The population in this research are all banking companies listed on the Indonesian StockExchange in 2010-2013. The sampling method used in this research was purposive sampling method with the specified criteria, listed for 4 years and have no delisted during the period, whichbring out 124 sample. Data collection method used in this research is documentation study usingannual reports of each banking between 2010-2013. Factors analysis was used as a method of data analysis in this researchThe result of analysis showed that from 19 ratio, there are 18 significant ratio as formingthe ratio of bank performance, and 13 of them are the permanent factors that forming the banks performance. That thirteen ratio are PM, ROE, ROTA, ROA, NPM, BOPO, PR, RAR, CAR, DRR, NPL, CR and GCG. There is only 1 ratio which is not significant forming the Indonesian banking performance, and it\u27s LAR

Estimating Optimal Thinning and Rotation for Mixed-Species Timber Stands Using a Random Search Algorithm

The problem of optimal density over time for even-aged, mixed-species stands is formulated as a nonlinear-integer programming problem with numbers of trees cut by species and diameter class as decision variables. The model is formulated using a stand-table projection growth model to predict mixed-speciesg rowth and stand-structureO. ptimal thinning and final harvest age are estimated simultaneously using heuristic random search algorithms. For sample problemsw ith two speciesr, andom searchm ethodsp rovide near-optimalc uttings trategiesw ith very little computer time or memory. Optimal solutions are estimated for problems with eight initial species/diameter class groups, projected for up to three discrete growth periods. Such solution methods merit further study for evaluating complex stand- and forest-level decisions. FOREST Scl. 31:303-315