FAKTOR PENYEBAB MEDICATION ERROR DI RSU ANUTAPURA KOTA PALU

Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan identifikasi jenis dan penyebab medication error meliputi prescribing error, dispensing error, dan administration error.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah observasi, wawancara dan telaah dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prescribing errorv meliputi kesalahan administratif dan prosedurai yaitu resep yang tidak lengkap, resep tidak terbaca, aturan pakai tidak jelas, penggunaan singkatan yang tidak lazim; kesalahan dosis yaitu dosis yang tidak tepat; dan kesalahan terapeutik yaitu duplikasi terapi. Dispensing error meliputi content error yaitu kesalahan membaca resep, obat tidak tepat, jumlah obat tidak tepat, dan kesalahan bentuk sediaan obat; labeling error yaitu kesalahan penulisan aturan pakai. Administration error meliputi kesalahan waktu pemberian obat, kesalahan teknik pemberian obat, dan obat tertukar pada pasien yang namanya sama (right drug for wrong patient). Penyebab prescribing error adalah faktor lingkungan kerja yaitu gangguan dan interupsi keluarga pasien; faktor petugas kesehatan yaitu pengetahuan dokter, tulisan dokter yang buruk, beban kerja yang berlebihan; faktor pasien yaitu pasien yang tidak kooperatif. Penyebab dispensing error adalah faktor prosedur pengelolaan obat; faktor lingkungan kerja yaitu gangguan dan interupsi keluarga pasien; faktor petugas kesehatan yaitu tulisan dokter yang tidak jelas, resep tidak lengkap (tidak ada keterangan bentuk sediaan obat), dan beban kerja yang berlebihan; faktor pasien yaitu pasien yang tidak kooperatif. Penyebab administration error adalah faktor petugas kesehatan yaitu budaya kerja; faktor lingkungan kerja yaitu kesibukan kerja; faktor pasien yaitu keluarga pasien yang tidak kooperarif dan pemahaman keluarga pasien mengenai prosedur pengambilan obat

Analisis Pengelolaan Obat Di Rumah Sakit Umum Anuta Pura Palu

The aim of the research is to analyze the process of drug management involving planning, supply, receipt, storage, distribution, recording of reporting, evaluation and drug removal in Regional Public Hospital Anutapura in Palu city. The results reveal that planning process is already in accordance with hospitals’ procedure operational standard with consumption method. The selection of the types of drug is not always appropriate because the case of diseases and patients’visit could not be predicted. Supply process refers to President Regulation Number 95 The year 2007 with direct purchase method. The unsuitability of acceptance is caused by unavailability of drugs in distributor level. Storage process is not in line with rules because the condition of storage is not qualified. The distribution process is line with a prescription system and room supply. Drug distribution based on prescription is not completely served because the availability of prescription formulation of drugs is not appropriate. Evaluation is not maximal and one of them is name stock done at the end of each year

Test of the Potential of Ethanol Extracts, Simplician Medium and Forest Umbi Juice (Eleutherine bulbosa (Factory) Urb.) against Blood Glucose Levels of Rats, and Histopatology Ratkreas Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Hypercolesterolemia Model Diabetic

This study aims to examine the presence or absence of secondary metabolite compounds in ethanol extract, simplicia steeping and forest onion tuber juice, in male glucose parameters and pancreatic histopathology. Using test animals as many as 30 male white rats divided into 6 groups and each group consisted of 5 rats with group I details as normal controls, group II as negative controls given 0.5% Na-CMC suspension, group III as positive control who were given Metformin 45 mg / kg BB and IV, V, VI as the test group were given ethanol extract, simplicia extract and forest onion tuber juice with each dose of 20 g / kg BW. The results showed that there were secondary metabolites in the ethanol extract of forest onion tubers, namely flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, steroids and tannins, giving ethanol extract of forest onion bulbs had the effect of reducing blood glucose levels in white mice with a dose of 20g / kgBW with an average of 132 and ethanol extract of forest onion bulbs at a dose of 20g / kg BB with an average of 0.5 can regenerate pancreatic tissue

Effectiveness Test of Mangrove Leaf (Rhizophora Apiculata) on Decreasing Blood Glucose Levels and Pancreas Histopatology Streptozotocin Induced Male White Rats

Hyperglycemia, a symptom of diabetes mellitus, can lead to oxidative stress, which is indicated by elevated malondialdehyde levels. Mangrove (Rhizophora apiculata) contains secondary metabolites of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tanins, this can lessen how much oxidative stress there is in DM. This study intends to demonstrate the efficacy of mangrove extracts in lowering blood glucose levels and detecting pancreatic damage. The study used 30 male Wistar rats which were divided into 6 groups (group I: normal control, group II: negative and group III: positive control given glibenclamide 0.45 mg) and the test group (trial group). group IV: level 25 mg/kg BW, group V: level 50 mg/kg BW and VI: level 75 mg/kg BW) The DM model was made by streptozotocin induction. Pancreatic damage seen at 700 magnification saw pancreatic β cells as well as the islets of Langerhans' endocrine cells. The results of research on ethanol from mangrove leaves at levels of 75 mg/kg BW are substances that are effective at lowering blood sugar levels, which on average were 105 mg/dL with a hazard value of 1.2. When compared with glibenclamide mangrove extract is not equivalent to glibenclamide but has lowered glucose levels

Uji Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kemangi Terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah, Dan Gambaran Histopatologi Pankreas Tikus Yang Diinduksi Streptozotocin

Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji ada tidaknya kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder pada ekstrak etanol daun kemangi,efek penurunan kadar glukosa darah dari ekstrak etanol daun kemangipada tikus putih jantan yang diinduksi streptozotocin.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen laboratorium dengan menggunakan hewan uji sebanyak 30 ekor tikus putih jantan dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok dan tiap kelompok terdiri dari 5 ekor tikus dengan rincian kelompok I sebagai kontrol normal, kelompok II sebagai kontrol negatif yang diberikan suspensi Na-CMC 0,5%, kelompok III sebagai kontrol positif yang diberikan suspensi glibennklamide dan kelompok IV,V,VI sebagai kelompok uji diberikan ekstrak etanol daun keamngi, dengan masing-masing dosis 200 mg/kg BB, 400mg/kg BB dan 800mg/kg BB . Perlakuan diberikan selama 14 hari dan dilakukan pengukuran kadar glukosa darah diukur dengan glukometer pada hari ke-0, 7, 14, 21 dan 28. Data hasil pengujian kadar glukosa darah dan menggunakan uji one way Anova pada tariff kepercayaan 95% kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji Least Significant Difference (LSD), dan data hasil skoring tingkat kerusakan pankreas dianalisis dengan uji Kruskal-Wallis dilanjutkan dengan uji Mann-Whitney untuk melihat perbedaan antar perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat senyawa metabolit sekunder pada ekstrak etanol daun kemangi yaitu flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin: pemberian ekstrak etanol daun kemangi memberikan efek menurunkan kadar glukosa darah pada tikus putih yang diinduksi streptozotocin: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh ekstrak etanol daun kemangi yang memberikan hasil yang maksimal untuk menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dan regenerasi jaringan pankrea

Test the Effect of Miana Leaf Ethanol Extract on Ureum and Creatinine Levels in Male White Rats

This study aims to determine the content of secondary metabolites in miana leaf ethanol extract, and to determine the effective dose of miana leaf ethanol extract in reducing urea and creatinine levels in male white rats. This study used 30 rats divided into 6 treatment groups, each group consisting of 5 test animals, namely normal group, negative control, positive control, dose of 150 mg/kg BW, dose 200 mg/kg BW, and dose 250 mg/kg. kg body weight. The data obtained will then be tested for normality and homogeneity to find out the data is normally distributed and homogeneous. If the data is normally distributed and homogeneous, then it is continued using One Way Anova statistical analysis at a 95% confidence level and further LSD test is carried out. If the data obtained is not normal and homogeneous, then it is analyzed using non-parametric statistics Kruskal-Wallis test and continued with Mann Whitney further test to determine the difference between all treatments. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of miana leaves contained secondary metabolites of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins,and tannins; miana leaf ethanol extract has an effect on reducing urea and creatinine; Miana leaf ethanol extract at a dose of 250 mg/kg BW was an effective dose in reducing urea and creatinine with an average decrease of 18.8 mg/dl and 0.64 mg/dl

The Effect of Binahong Leaves (Anredera cordifolia Steenis) Extract on Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) Creatinine Serum and Renal Histopathology of Male White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) with Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetic nephropathy is one of the complications of diabetes mellitus on the pancreas that can end up in chronic pancreas failure. Various treatment options to repair pancreas damage due to diabetic nephropathy, one of which is by using Anredera cordifolia leaves. This study aims to determine the content of secondary metabolites in Anredera cordifolia leaves ethanol extract, and to determine the effective dose of Anredera cordifolia leaves ethanol extract in regenerating male white rat kidney cells. This study uses a laboratory experimental method. This study used 30 rats divided into 6 treatment groups, each group consisting of 5 test animals, namely normal group, negative control, positive control, dose of 25 mg/kg BW, dose 50 mg/kg BW, and dose 100 mg/kg bw. The level of histological damage to the renal tubules was observed with HE staining using an Olympus CX23 microscope. The data from the scoring of the level of renal tubular damage were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Mann-Whitney test to see the differences between treatments. The results showed that the Anredera cordifolia leaves ethanol extract contained secondary metabolites of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins; Anredera cordifolia leaves ethanol extract has an effect on kidney cell repair; Anredera cordifolia leaves ethanol extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg bw is effective reducing urea and creatinine; with an average decrease of 17.0 and 0.71 mg/dL in repairing kidney cells with an average damage value of 1

A Chronicle of Indonesia’s Forest Management: A Long Step towards Environmental Sustainability and Community Welfare

Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country in the world, with 17,000 islands of varying sizes and elevations, from lowlands to very high mountains, stretching more than 5000 km eastward from Sabang in Aceh to Merauke in Papua. Although occupying only 1.3% of the world’s land area, Indonesia possesses the third-largest rainforest and the second-highest level of biodiversity, with very high species diversity and endemism. However, during the last two decades, Indonesia has been known as a country with a high level of deforestation, a producer of smoke from burning forests and land, and a producer of carbon emissions. The aim of this paper is to review the environmental history and the long process of Indonesian forest management towards achieving environmental sustainability and community welfare. To do this, we analyze the milestones of Indonesian forest management history, present and future challenges, and provide strategic recommendations toward a viable Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) system. Our review showed that the history of forestry management in Indonesia has evolved through a long process, especially related to contestation over the control of natural resources and supporting policies and regulations. During the process, many efforts have been applied to reduce the deforestation rate, such as a moratorium on permitting primary natural forest and peat land, land rehabilitation and soil conservation, environmental protection, and other significant regulations. Therefore, these efforts should be maintained and improved continuously in the future due to their significant positive impacts on a variety of forest areas toward the achievement of viable SFM. Finally, we conclude that the Indonesian government has struggled to formulate sustainable forest management policies that balance economic, ecological, and social needs, among others, through developing and implementing social forestry instruments, developing and implementing human resource capacity, increasing community literacy, strengthening forest governance by eliminating ambiguity and overlapping regulations, simplification of bureaucracy, revitalization of traditional wisdom, and fair law enforcement