A BAFF-R mutation associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma alters TRAF recruitment and reveals new insights into BAFF-R signaling

A BAFF receptor mutation associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma provides new insight into the proximal players of normal BAFF-R signaling

Prediction Of Carcass Quality Traits Of Common Carp By X-Ray Computerized Tomography

X-ray computerized tomography (CT) and chemical analysis were used to determine the fat and protein contents in the fillet of table-sized mirror carps. Serial CT scans were taken along the body from the operculum to the beginning of the caudal fin. After scanning, the anesthetized fish were immediately processed; slaughter value and fillet yield were determined before taking sam- ples for chemical analysis. Independent variables of prediction equations were produced from the CT density values, which ranged from -90 to 160 on the Hounsfield scale. Based on the data derived from the CT scanning, areas (cm2) of muscle and fat tissue were identified. Fat deposi- tion was highest in the dorsal fin region. The muscle area varied according to the body shape and seems to be inadequate for predicting the slaughter value of common carp. The fat and pro- tein contents of the fillet, when predicted from scanning only the dorsal region, were as accurate as when predicted from scanning the whole body and were R2 = 0.88 and 0.86, respectively

Improving the Nutritional Value of Nile Tilapia Fillet by Dietary Selenium Supplementation

Selenium (Se) supplementation in animal feeds for producing feasible foodswas successfully experimented with in different meat-producing animals including fish. In the present study, Nile tilapia were fed Se-fortified diets (0.5, 2.0, or 4.0 mg/kg) ad lib for six weeks. In addition to traditional production traits, the antioxidant parameters glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the blood, liver, and muscle of the tilapia, Se accumulation in the fillet, and body composition were determined. The highest Se value in the fillet was obtained with the diet containing 2 mg/kg supplementation, where the actual Se content of 2.47 mg/kg Se induced 128 µg/kg Se in the fillet. Selenium incorporation had a cubic relationship with the dietary Se content

TGFβ activated kinase 1 (TAK1) at the crossroad of B cell receptor and toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathways in human B cells

B cell development and activation are regulated by combined signals mediated by the B cell receptor (BCR), receptors for the B-cell activating factor of the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF-R) and the innate receptor, Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). However, the underlying mechanisms by which these signals cooperate in human B cells remain unclear. Our aim was to elucidate the key signaling molecules at the crossroads of BCR, BAFF-R and TLR9 mediated pathways and to follow the functional consequences of costimulation.Therefore we stimulated purified human B cells by combinations of anti-Ig, B-cell activating factor of the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF) and the TLR9 agonist, CpG oligodeoxynucleotide. Phosphorylation status of various signaling molecules, B cell proliferation, cytokine secretion, plasma blast generation and the frequency of IgG producing cells were investigated. We have found that BCR induced signals cooperate with BAFF-R- and TLR9-mediated signals at different levels of cell activation. BCR and BAFF- as well as TLR9 and BAFF-mediated signals cooperate at NFκB activation, while BCR and TLR9 synergistically costimulate mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), ERK, JNK and p38. We show here for the first time that the MAP3K7 (TGF beta activated kinase, TAK1) is responsible for the synergistic costimulation of B cells by BCR and TLR9, resulting in an enhanced cell proliferation, plasma blast generation, cytokine and antibody production. Specific inhibitor of TAK1 as well as knocking down TAK1 by siRNA abrogates the synergistic signals. We conclude that TAK1 is a key regulator of receptor crosstalk between BCR and TLR9, thus plays a critical role in B cell development and activation