Design and Development of Automation System for Measurement of Flow Nozzle Robot Spray Based on Programmable Logic Controller and Human Machine Interface at PT ADM Casting Plant

The spray is one of the important processes in the metal smelting industry that uses die casting machines to make aluminium products. This spraying process serves to prevent the problem of stamps (products attached to the dies/mold) due to overheating (overheating) on ​​the surface of the dies. The main device in this spraying process is the nozzle that is driven by a coil from the solenoid valve. To maintain the quality of the output spray to remain standard, routine maintenance is carried out manually by two operators. Operator one is outside the machine area to see the digital flow sensor display and the second operator is inside the machine area to operate the solenoid valve nozzle spray. Communication between operators plays an important role when carrying out the process of flow spray measurement. This treatment takes 7 hours. The problems found are the lack of security for operators inside the engine area due to the potential for accidents, inaccurate measurements because there is always a pause when communicating between operators inside and outside the engine area and inefficient maintenance time. The purpose of this study is to make a flow nozzle spray measurement system that is safe, accurate, and efficient. This research method uses literature and descriptive methods. The design of this system is done by creating a new display that contains a measurement menu and a record of flow spray measurement data through a Human Machine Interface (HMI) device in the form of an NS-8 Series Omron touch screen that is integrated with a Q-Series Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) type device. Mitsubishi as a controller. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the flow nozzle spray measurement system display is safer and displays accurate and efficient measurement results because the measurement process is carried out automatically and is operated by one operator outside the machine area

Aseismic zone and earthquake segmentation associated with a deep subducted seamount in Sumatra

The subduction of large topographic features such as seamounts has been linked to plate locking1-7, earthquake generation8 and segmentation6, as well as crustal erosion9,11 at subduction zones. However, the role of subducted features in the generation of megathrust earthquakes has been difficult to discern because traditional imaging techniques are limited to the upper 12 km of the Earth's crust12, whereas these ruptures initiate at depths of 20-40 km (ref. 13). Here we use a deeply penetrating imaging technique with a low-energy source to identify a seamount 3-4 km high and 40 km wide that has been subducted to a depth of 30-40 km below the Sumatra forearc mantle. We find that the seamount has remained intact despite more than 160 km of subduction, and that there is no seismic activity either above or below the seamount. We therefore conclude that the coupling between the seamount and overriding plate is weak and aseismic 14. We suggest that the subduction of a topographic feature such as a seamount could lead to the segmentation of the subduction zone, which could in turn reduce the maximum size of megathrust earthquakes in these localities. © 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved

Mapping genomic loci implicates genes and synaptic biology in schizophrenia

Schizophrenia has a heritability of 60–80%1, much of which is attributable to common risk alleles. Here, in a two-stage genome-wide association study of up to 76,755 individuals with schizophrenia and 243,649 control individuals, we report common variant associations at 287 distinct genomic loci. Associations were concentrated in genes that are expressed in excitatory and inhibitory neurons of the central nervous system, but not in other tissues or cell types. Using fine-mapping and functional genomic data, we identify 120 genes (106 protein-coding) that are likely to underpin associations at some of these loci, including 16 genes with credible causal non-synonymous or untranslated region variation. We also implicate fundamental processes related to neuronal function, including synaptic organization, differentiation and transmission. Fine-mapped candidates were enriched for genes associated with rare disruptive coding variants in people with schizophrenia, including the glutamate receptor subunit GRIN2A and transcription factor SP4, and were also enriched for genes implicated by such variants in neurodevelopmental disorders. We identify biological processes relevant to schizophrenia pathophysiology; show convergence of common and rare variant associations in schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders; and provide a resource of prioritized genes and variants to advance mechanistic studies

Mapping genomic loci implicates genes and synaptic biology in schizophrenia

Schizophrenia has a heritability of 60-80%1, much of which is attributable to common risk alleles. Here, in a two-stage genome-wide association study of up to 76,755 individuals with schizophrenia and 243,649 control individuals, we report common variant associations at 287 distinct genomic loci. Associations were concentrated in genes that are expressed in excitatory and inhibitory neurons of the central nervous system, but not in other tissues or cell types. Using fine-mapping and functional genomic data, we identify 120 genes (106 protein-coding) that are likely to underpin associations at some of these loci, including 16 genes with credible causal non-synonymous or untranslated region variation. We also implicate fundamental processes related to neuronal function, including synaptic organization, differentiation and transmission. Fine-mapped candidates were enriched for genes associated with rare disruptive coding variants in people with schizophrenia, including the glutamate receptor subunit GRIN2A and transcription factor SP4, and were also enriched for genes implicated by such variants in neurodevelopmental disorders. We identify biological processes relevant to schizophrenia pathophysiology; show convergence of common and rare variant associations in schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders; and provide a resource of prioritized genes and variants to advance mechanistic studies.11Nsciescopu