Target Localization Accuracy Gain in MIMO Radar Based Systems

This paper presents an analysis of target localization accuracy, attainable by the use of MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) radar systems, configured with multiple transmit and receive sensors, widely distributed over a given area. The Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for target localization accuracy is developed for both coherent and non-coherent processing. Coherent processing requires a common phase reference for all transmit and receive sensors. The CRLB is shown to be inversely proportional to the signal effective bandwidth in the non-coherent case, but is approximately inversely proportional to the carrier frequency in the coherent case. We further prove that optimization over the sensors' positions lowers the CRLB by a factor equal to the product of the number of transmitting and receiving sensors. The best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE) is derived for the MIMO target localization problem. The BLUE's utility is in providing a closed form localization estimate that facilitates the analysis of the relations between sensors locations, target location, and localization accuracy. Geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) contours are used to map the relative performance accuracy for a given layout of radars over a given geographic area.Comment: 36 pages, 5 figures, submitted to IEEE Transaction on Information Theor

Tourism and state violence in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh

The three districts of the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) of Bangladesh have the highest military presence in Bangladesh. Following its emergence as an independent country in 1971, the military carried out a campaign of systematic repression of the Jumma indigenous people of the region. In this thesis, I focus on tourism and argue it is one of the ways by which ruling elites expropriate Jumma lands and circumvent indigenous land and cultural rights. The process is riddled with contradictions. On the one hand, violence against the Jumma has not ceased, and instead, the presence of the military has become normalized. On the other hand, the state promotes the Hills as a tourist site where tourists may enjoy the landscape and the ‘exotic’ inhabitants. I contextualize this conflict within the historical legacy of British colonialism, and the subsequent emergence of smaller nation-states that inherited colonial categories and institutions

Menyoal Pelaksanaan Pengujian Kemampuan dan Kepatutan Direksi dan Komisaris Terkait Perlindungan Pemegang Polis Perusahaan Asuransi dan Perusahaan Reasuransi

The fit and proper test held by Badan Pengawasan Pasar Modal – Lembaga Keuangan was the test to select the recommended person to manage an insurance company, including life insurance company. The additional commitment statement made by the selected director and commissioner to the existing fit and proper test is urgent. The insurance company aim and the availabe insurance act's are the reasons to ask the commitment statement from the director and commissioner selected. The fit and proper test act's must be revised to get the director and commissioner who can manage the insurance company properly and give protection to the policy holder

Do Cross-National Differences in the Costs of Children Generate Cross-National Differences in Fertility Rates?

Parity-specific probabilities of having a next birth are estimated from national fertility data and are compared with nation-specific costs of having children as measured by time-budget data, by attitude data from the International Social Survey Program, and by panel data on labor earnings and standard of living changes following a birth. We focus on five countries (the US, West Germany, Denmark, Italy, and the United Kingdom), whose fertility rates span the observed fertility range in the contemporary industrialized world and whose social welfare and family policies span the conceptual space of standard welfare-state typologies. Definitive conclusions are difficult because of the multiple dimensions on which child costs can be measured, the possibility that child costs affect both the quantum and the tempo of fertility, the relatively small fertility differences across industrialized nations, and the inherent small-N problem resulting from nation-level comparisons. Empirical analysis, however, supports the assertion that institutionally driven child costs affect the fertility patterns of industrialized nations.

Translanguaging Practices in Language Classrooms

This research aim at examining students’ perceptions regarding the use of tranlanguaging in language classroom. There were 29 students in a university level involved in this research. Mix methods was used to gain data in which observation, questionnaire, and interview were implemented. Observations analyzed qualitatively by using descriptive analysis in detail information. The questionnaire was further analyzed by calculating percentages in Likert scale questionnaire. For interview section, researchers developed the question based on students answers from google form and transcribed all information and responses into English language. The findings show that students assess translanguaging from 2 aspects, positive and negative. Although they have a positive view of translating in certain situations, they do not often use this pedagogy because it is considered less efficient. This research emphasized that students can gain the good impact of translanguaging if they have a deep understanding how to practice it correctly in language classroom

Tekanan Penduduk, Overshoot Ekologi Pulau Jawa, dan Masa Pemulihannya

Perkembangan penduduk Pulau Jawa terus terjadi. Menurut hasil perhitungan indeks tekanan penduduk Pulau Jawa tahun 2006 diketahui sebesar 1,61 dan apabila Banten tidak dimasukkan ke dalam perhitungan tekanan penduduk menjadi 1,80. Estimasi indeks tekanan penduduk pada tahun 2010 menunjukkan adanya sedikit peningkatan menjadi 1,63 dan 1,83 jika tidak memasukkan Banten. Indikasi terjadinya over population Pulau Jawa didukung oleh hasil simulasi bahwa dengan jumlah penduduk saat ini, semestinya penduduk petani tidak lebih dari 24%. Sedangkan dengan sistem pertanian yang diterapkan saat ini, jumlah lahan pertanian yang dibutuhkan untuk menghidupi seluruh penduduk Pulau Jawa adalah seluas 8.428.980 ha setara sawah. Keadaan faktual menunjukkan jumlah pertanian sebanyak 41% dan luas lahan 4.863.487 ha setara sawah. Hasil perhitungan tapak ekologi lahan pertanian Pulau Jawa menunjukkan bahwa tapak ekologi Pulau Jawa tahun 2006 bernilai 0,2339 Gha/orang atau 0,1064 ha/orang. Itu artinya setiap penduduk Pulau Jawa telah menggunakan lahan untuk konsumsi produk pertanian sebesar 0,1064 ha. Pada saat yang sama kemampuan lahan pertanian menyediakan produk pertanian sebesar 0,1111 Gha/orang atau 0,0551 ha/orang. Keadaan ini mengindikasikan bahwa kapasitas biologis lahan pertanian dalam menyediakan produk-produk pertanian yang dikonsumsi oleh penduduk sudah terlampaui (overshoot) sebesar 0,0536 Gha/orang atau 0,0513 ha/orang. Besarnya defisit lahan pertanian tersebar merata di setiap propinsi

A Two-Factor Model of Organizational Citizenship Behaviour in Organizations

It has been suggested that organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) has an important impact on individual, group, and organizational outcomes. Because of its crucial role in facilitating performance and effectiveness, OCB has been investigated from various perspectives. However, very little attention has been paid to how motivation factors and hygiene factors influence an individual's OCB. In this article, we develop a theoretical framework of OCB using the two-factor theory of motivation as the theoretical base. By investigating OCB from this perspective, our framework provides several important implications that may help managers and organizations design a work environment where OCB is maximized. Keywords: organizational citizenship behaviour, motivation factors, hygiene factor