Green Road Construction Using Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement with Warm Mix Additive

Environmental impact and emissions produced from asphalt road construction, promote research on green materials by combining the recycling and warm mix asphalt additive which aims to reduce the environmental impacts. This study evaluates the effects high reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) content incorporated with wax warm mix asphalt additive. Milled reclaimed asphalt pavements obtained from local roads were incorporated with a warm mix additive named RH-WMA. These materials were evaluated for the physical and rheological properties, optimum binder content and mechanical properties. It was found that RH-WMA has softening effects on the binder. The additions of 3% RH-WMA content into 40% RAP mixture decreased the optimum binder content and energy consumption. Tests on mechanical properties indicated increased on stiffness with the addition of RAP which indicated better resistance to rutting. Additions of RH-WMA on specimens that subjected to combined effects of moisture and aging showed improvement in fatigue resistance. Hence, integration of RAP and RH-WMA showed potential as a green road construction material

Fracture properties of reclaimed asphalt pavement mixtures with rejuvenator

Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) technology has been extensively promoted to conserve depleting virgin materials for asphalt mixtures. High RAP content is desirable from economic and environmental standpoints. However, RAP mixtures become too stiff and require modification such as rejuvenator. This paper presents the evaluation on the fracture characteristics of mixtures prepared with 50% and 70% RAP, with and without rejuvenator that were subjected to indirect tensile strength (ITS) and notched semi-circular bending (SCB) tests. The fractured surfaces of the tested specimens were quantified using geospatial imaging technique to identify the proportion contribution to failure, namely cohesive, adhesive and broken aggregates. The results showed that the fractured rejuvenated mixtures were predominantly of the cohesive type when compared with the non-rejuvenated mixtures. On the other hand, the failure modes of non-rejuvenated mixtures were of the adhesive and aggregate failure types. The measured ITS at two temperatures corresponded with the expected damage trends. Similar behaviour was found in the derived fracture energy and pre-peak slope that were obtained from the SCB pure tensile and tensile-shear load–displacement curves. The findings showed that the fracture properties of rejuvenated mixtures performed comparably with virgin mixtures in terms of fracture toughness, tensile strength and proportion of damage contribution

Effect of aggregate shape on asphalt materials properties.

Dalam industri pembinaan jalan raya yang semakin pesat membangun, permintaan ke atas agregat sebagai bahan binaan semakin meningkat. Sifat agregat memberi kesan yang signifikan ke atas ciri-ciri konkrit asfalt memandangkan hampir 90% campuran asfalt terdiri daripada agregat. Demand for aggregates as construction material increased due to the continuous development of the road building industry. Since aggregates made up of more than 90% of an asphalt mixture, aggregate properties significantly influence mix performance

Maximization of waste recycling in pavement maintenance project

The most common method of recycling in road maintenance projects in Malaysia is in situ recycling. To maximize waste recycling, plant recycling can be an option since previous studies indicated good performance using reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). However, variability in RAP and mixing temperature are the main concerns in plant recycling. Hence, this study investigates the maximization of waste recycling from road maintenance projects in Malaysia for plant recycling in terms of quality control and the environment. The experimental design consists of materials characterization for three sources of RAP, determination of mixing temperature, analysis of environmental and energy consumption, and optimization of RAP production. The findings showed that based on RAP gradation the quality control in terms of RAP variability was less than 15% coefficient of variance and considered acceptable. The addition of RAP stiffened the RAP mixture which result in increased viscosity and mixing temperature. Higher mixing temperatures produced more greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption. Optimization of RAP production indicated that in order to maximize the RAP usage, 50%RAP content added with RH-WMA at 140°C mixing temperature was the most ideal. The proposed design approach and evaluation of waste materials adopted in this study are beneficial for assessing the essential criteria for maximizing waste recycling in the pavement

Evaluating the Surface Free Energy and Moisture Sensitivity of Warm Mix Asphalt Binders Using Dynamic Contact Angle

From the environmental conservation perspective, warm mix asphalt is more preferable compared to hot mix asphalt. This is because warm mix asphalt can be produced and paved in the temperature range 20–40°C lower than its equivalent hot mix asphalt. In terms of cost-effectiveness, warm mix asphalt can significantly improve the mixture workability at a lower temperature and thus reduce greenhouse gas emissions, to be environment friendly. However, the concern, which is challenging to warm mix asphalt, is its susceptibility to moisture damage due to its reduced production temperature. This may cause adhesive failure, which could eventually result in stripping of the asphalt binder from the aggregates. This research highlights the significance of Cecabase warm mix additive to lower the production temperature of warm mix asphalt and improvise the asphalt binder adhesion properties with aggregate. The binders used in the preparation of the test specimen were PG-64 and PG-76. The contact angle values were measured by using the dynamic Wilhelmy plate device. The surface free energy of Cecabase-modified binders was then computed by developing a dedicated algorithm using the C++ program. The analytical measurements such as the spreadability coefficient, work of adhesion, and compatibility ratio were used to analyze the results. The results inferred that the Cecabase improved the spreadability of the asphalt binder over limestone compared to the granite aggregate substrate. Nevertheless, the Cecabase-modified binders improved the work of adhesion. In terms of moisture sensitivity, it is also evident from the compatibility ratio indicator that, unlike granite aggregates, the limestone aggregates were less susceptible to moisture damage

Wireless based Smart Parking System using Zigbee

One of main issues of developing big parking space for shopping complexes, office complexes and other types of building that requires large parking space is to notify the visitors of occupied and nonoccupied parking space. Most of the visitors might spending up to 30 to 45 minutes just to find an empty parking space. In most recent technology, some parking lot system offered a system that could automatically count when the car entering the empty car space and blocking an infrared signal thus notify the system to count for it. However, this type of sensors actually has an increase of budgeting in order to install and to be maintained. In this project, we have developed a unique solution by providing cost effective solution by using Zigbee technology in parking lot system technology. Instead of using and maintain cable that need to be installed at the ceiling of the parking lot, we developed a system that use wireless technology of Zigbee and it could notify the visitors of empty and non-empty parking lot

Rheological properties of crumb rubber-modified bitumen containing antioxidant

Rheology has become a useful tool in the characterization of the bitumen performance on the pavement. Visco-elastic properties of crumb rubber modified bitumen with antioxidants (CR30) were determined by the means of rheological measurement. This measurement led to a better knowledge of bitumen behavior that occurs when subjected to different thermal and mechanical conditions, as seen during road construction and services in the field. Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) was used to characterize the rheology of the binders before and after oven aging. The binders were aged for 3 and 9 days. Results of a compatibility test showed that the addition of CR30 modified bitumen is compatible with the base bitumen. The results of unaged samples indicated that the addition of 1% CR30 and 5% CR30 modified binders caused an increase in G* value as a result of the rheological changes. Results showed that aging has significant influence on bitumen rheology, by increasing complex modulus and decreasing phase angle

Evaluation of effects of extended short-term aging on the rheological properties of asphalt binders at intermediate temperatures using respond surface method

Predicting the effects of short term aging on asphalt binders’ rheological properties can be a complicated task. This is due to the exposure of different binders to different conditions. Hence, the utilization of a Respond Surface Method (RSM) is a practical way to predict these effects. An experimental matrix was planned to predict asphalt binders behavior at intermediate temperatures based on the central composite design for aging duration and test temperature. The test results showed that prolonging aging increased the binder complex modulus, but decreased the phase angle, while increasing the test temperature decreased the complex modulus but increased the phase angle. However, the trends in aging differ and depend on the binder type, test temperature and aging conditions. It was also found that the RSM method is a fast, effective and reliable tool to predict the effects of aging on binders’ rheological behavio

SHOPPING TROLLEY TRACKING SYSTEM VIA SMS USING ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY APPLICATION

This paper presents the function of Application Radio Frequency In Keeping Track Shopping Trolley Using GSM. The objective of develop this project is to create a solution that can help the shopping management that provide trolleys services for the costumers or users to reduce cost to their company arising from the missing trolleys and frequently considered stolen This system consists of receiver and transmitter, and technically this device uses radio frequency wave concept to operate. If one of the trolleys is out of range, turn on a buzzer and a red light at the same time at control room than using GSM will sent Short Message Service (SMS) to guard. This capability provides ease and safety to safety guard, to monitor the trolleys frequently used by costumers or users. The operating frequency used by the transmitter is about 100MHz to 2.45GHz which the receiver can detect accurately within 10 to 100 meters; even through a protective casing is covering the transmitters. This covering is also use to avoid the users damaging the transmitters and to provide protection to the assembly. This is to ensure the trolley always in range