Health Workers Compliance to Infection Prevention and Control Measures at public Hospitals, Khartoum, Sudan, 2019

يتم تعريف العدوى على أنها غزو عن طريق مضاعفة الكائنات الحية الدقيقة المسببة للأمراض في جزء أو نسيج جسدي ، مما قد ينتج عنه إصابة الأنسجة اللاحقة والتقدم في التغلب على الأمراض من خلال مجموعة متنوعة من الآليات الخلوية أو السامة. عرف عدوى المستشفيات باسم الالتهابات المستشفوية (NI). المصطلح مشتق من الكلمة اليونانية "Nosokomeion" وهذا يعني "المستشفى تعتني بالتهابات" الناتجة عن العلاج في المستشفى أو في وحدة خدمات الرعاية الصحية. عدوى المستشفى المعروفة باسم العدوى المرتبطة بالرعاية الصحية (HCAIs) ، ولكنها ليست ثانوية للحالة الأصلية للمريض. تُعتبر الالتهابات "مستشفوية" إذا ظهرت بعد 48 ساعة أو أكثر من دخول المستشفى أو في غضون 30 يومًا بعد الخروج منه. يختلف انتشار HCAI على نطاق واسع في جميع أنحاء العالم. عالميا، يقدر أن ما يقرب من 10 ٪ من المرضى في المستشفى يكتسبون HCAI واحد على الأقل. يمكن أن يصل معدل انتشار HCAI في البلدان النامية إلى 30-50 ٪. الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو تحديد المعرفة وتحديد موقف وممارسات العاملين في مجال الصحة لتدابير الوقاية من العدوى ومكافحتها في المستشفيات العامة في ولاية الخرطوم. الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو تحديد المعرفة وتحديد موقف وممارسات العاملين في مجال الصحة لتدابير الوقاية من العدوى ومكافحتها في المستشفيات العامة في ولاية الخرطوم. هذه الدراسة وصفية ، مستعرضة ، مستندة إلى دراسة ، أجريت في المستشفيات العامة في ولاية الخرطوم ، السودان. تم جمع البيانات عن طريق استبيان تم توزيعه على 270 و 250 استبيان تم استكماله للتحليل. حيث تم تحليل البيانات بواسطة برنامج SPSS. وفقًا لتأثير معظم المشاركين ، فإن مستوى تنفيذ ممارسات مكافحة العدوى والاحتياطات القياسية في هذه الدراسة كان مستوى دون المستوى القياسي لضمان سلامة العدوى في العاملين الصحيين والمرضى. بشكل عام ، كان لدى العاملين في مجال الصحة معرفة وممارسات متوسطة ، وممارسات سيئة بشأن الوقاية من الفيروسات المرتبطة بالرعاية الصحية والسيطرة عليها، من نتائج هذه الدراسة يتم تحديد 62 ٪ (الشكل 4.1) من العاملين في مجال الصحة لديهم معرفة جيدة و 38 ٪ لديهم معرفة ضعيفة في حين أن كان 62.8 ٪ (الشكل 4.2) من العاملين في مجال صحة المرأة مواقف جيد و 37.2 ٪ لديهم موقف سيئ ، وكذلك 42.8 ٪ (الشكل 4.3) لديهم ممارسات جيدة و 57.2 ٪ لديهم ممارسات سيئة. عد نظافة اليدين الخطوة الأولى الأولى نحو النجاح في السيطرة على العدوى في أي مؤسسة للرعاية الصحية. لقد وجدت أنه في العاملين الصحيين ، كانت المعرفة المتعلقة بصحة اليدين مرتفعة (86.3٪) لكن الالتزام الفعلي كان أقل (52.1٪) مقارنة بمعرفتهم. أخيرًا ، يمثل عبء العمل عائقًا أمام التنفيذ الملائم لممارسات مكافحة العدوى ولا يشعر غالبية العاملين الصحيين في المستشفيات العامة بالارتياح لعملهم

Nature of the Campano-Maastrichtian Sub-Basins in the Gongola Basin, Nigeria

Geological mapping was carried out and outcrop sections were examined alongside palaeocurrent directions from the greater part of the Campano-Maastrichtian outcrops in the Gongola Basin in Nigeria. Palaeocurrent measurements were obtained from asymmetrical ripples, cross bedding and dune bedforms within the channel-filling sub-facies of the Arowa Formation, and the foresets of the tabular cross bedding displayed in the Duguri formation. A north-westerly to a northerly paleocurrent direction was determined for the Arowa formation, indicating that the open sea was located to north-north-west, while a unimodal palaeocurrent directions characterize the Duguri Formation. These currents transported sediment into the Dukku, Akko and Bashar sub-basins with an overall centripetal pattern. The main structural features of the western part of Gongola Basin from E-W, are the N-S, NE-SW and NW-SE trending faults. These series of faults controll the basin subsidence and deposition of the Campano-Maastrichtian succession in the Dukku, Akko and Bashar sub-basins.The lateral and vertical facies variation within the Campano-Maastrichtian succession are in consistence with the northerly retreat of the sea.Keywords: Campano-Maastrichtian, sub-basin, palaeocurrent, rip-currents

The Effect of Gamified E-learning on Employees' Engagement: A Case Study of a Lebanese Bank

Gamification is a concept that has not been analysed thoroughly for its positive outcomes or challenges. Although the effects of gamification in the field of education have been studied from numerous angles, gamified organisational learning features and the overall contribution of gamification have not been researched sufficiently. Following the implementation of a gamified E-learning platform, we conducted a case study in a Lebanese bank to measure the effects of gamified E-learning. The results showed that the adoption of gamified E-learning and employees' engagement levels were positively associated. Gamification also proved its importance in influencing employees' behaviour by creating a competitive environment and engaging employees on a knowledge-oriented platform. After the implementation, about 65% of employees declared higher levels of work engagement. Moreover, approximately 67% of employees acknowledged a higher degree of job satisfaction. This research paper also indicates the variables that can affect learners' – in this case, the bank employees' – perception of the gamified E-learning platform. Investigating the positive outcomes of implementing gamified processes in E-learning can pave the way for developing more complex gamified e-learning platforms

Composition of Mineral Nutrients in Leaves of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivated on Farmers Field: The Case of Six Districts in West Shoa Zone, Ethiopia

Plant nutrient deficiency could be one of the potential problems attributed to low potato productivity. The nutrient status of potato crop grown on  farmers’ field in six selected districts of West Shoa Zone, was examined. Leave samples collected at vegetative growth stage were analysed for various  nutrient contents (N, P, K, S, Mg, Ca, Zn, Mn, Cu, B, Mo). The leaf nutrient concentration (P, K, Mg, Ca, Zn, Mn, Cu, B and Mo) were determined using  Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrophotometer (ICPOES), whereas N, C and S were determined by CNS analyzer. Results showed that  the concentration of phosphorus and potassium in potato leaf did not vary much among the districts that ranged from 2.8 to 3.3 and from 31-35 mg/g  dry matter for P and K, respectively. About 97 and 75% of the surveyed fields showed P and K deficiencies in potato leaves, respectively. At 75% of the  surveyed fields, plants showed insufficient potassium concentration in the leaf when compared to the optimum range described in literatures. The  average nitrogen and sulphur concentration in potato leaf were also in a narrow range of 61-63 and 4.1-4.5 mg g-1 d.m, respectively for all the districts  and results obtained confirmed that plants were well supplied with N and S. Plants at all the surveyed fields of all the districts were also well supplied with  Ca and Mg, since no field showed insufficiency of these nutrients. The micronutrients concentrations in the leaf tissue were in the optimum range  and/or even above for most micronutrients. &nbsp

Assessment of Undergraduate Business Education Students' Usage of Social Networking as a Platform For Entrepreneurship Activities In North-West, Nigeria

The study assessed the undergraduate business education students' usage of social networking as a platform for entrepreneurship activities in North-west, Nigeria. Specifically, the study had five objectives, five research questions and five null hypotheses. The study anchored theory of Technology Acceptance Model of Ajzen and Fishbein's, (1980) and Division of Innovation Theory (DOI) of Rogers (1995). The study adopted a survey research design. The population of this study comprises of all the 407 final undergraduate business education 2019/2020 academic session in North-west Nigeria. The entire population was used for the study. The instrument for the data collection was a structured questionnaire. The instrument was validated by four experts, pilot tested and a reliability coefficient of 0.81 was obtained. The data were collected by the researcher assisted by four research assistants using personal contact method. Descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation was employed to answer the research questions. The hypotheses were tested using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at the 0.05 level of significance. The results revealed among others that the level of students' awareness, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of social networking as a platform for entrepreneurship activities in tertiary institutions in North-west Nigeria was low. Based on these, it was concluded that the business education will not reap the benefit of social networking sites to searcher for business opportunities, venture into business and meet the needs of their technologically savvy customers. It was recommended among others that business education lecturers should create awareness on students on the role of social networking as a platform for entrepreneurship activities

Diabetic Septic Foot in Omdurman Teaching Hospital

Objective: To audit the management of diabetic septic foot [DSF] lesions in Omdurman Teaching Hospital, usingWagner classification. Patients and methods: This is a retrospective study on 208 patients with DSF admitted to Omdurman Teaching Hospital, Sudan between June 2006 and May 2007. Data were analyzed manually Results: The male to female ratio was 2:1. The mean age± SD was 56 ± 12.35 year. 16.8% patients were grade 1. 33 (15.9%) patients were grade 2. grades 3, 4, 5 patients were 66 (37 %), 38 (18.3%) and 36 (17.3%) respectively. Major lower limb amputation and mortality were 19.2%, and 6.7% respectively.Conclusion: Preventive measures for patients at risk are highly needed as well early presentation isencouraged when ulcer develops in diabetic foot to avoid subsequent complications.Key words: Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic septic foot, amputatio