Named Entity Recognition by Neural Prediction

International audienceNamed entity recognition (NER) remains a very challenging problem essentially when the document, where we perform it, is handwritten and ancient. Traditional methods using regular expressions or those based on syntactic rules, work but are not generic because they require, for each dataset, additional work of adaptation. We propose here a recognition method by context exploitation and tag prediction. We use a pipeline model composed of two consecutive BLSTMs (Bidirectional Long-Short Term Memory). The first one is a BLSTM-CTC coupling to recognize the words in a text line using a sliding window and HOG features. The second BLSTM serves as a language model. It cleverly exploits the gates of the BLSTM memory cell by deploying some syntactic rules in order to store the content around the proper nouns. This operation allows it to predict the tag of the next word, depending on its context, which is followed gradually until the discovery of the named entity (NE). All the words of the context are used to help the prediction. We have tested this system on a private dataset of Philharmonie de Paris, for the extraction of proper nouns within sale music transactions as well as on the public IAM dataset. The results are satisfactory, compared to what exists in the literature

Non Photochemical Light Induced Nucleation

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Experimental Demonstration of the Carbamazepine Crystallization from Non-photochemical Laser-Induced Nucleation in Acetonitrile and Methanol

International audienceThis paper reports for the first time the crystallization of the carbamazepine (CBZ) molecule in two solvents (methanol and acetonitrile) using the non-photochemical laser-induced nucleation (NPLIN) technique. The metastable zone of CBZ is first determined experimentally for different temperatures in both solvents. Then, the prepared solutions are irradiated by a 532 nm wavelength nanosecond pulsed laser and permitted to obtain CBZ crystals of phases I and III. The impact of laser power and polarization (circularly (CP) and linearly (LP)) on the CBZ crystallization efficiency in both solvents is determined through experiments. According to the results, the crystallization efficiency is significantly higher in methanol than in acetonitrile, and it is higher in solutions irradiated by CP laser than those by LP laser. Moreover, the irradiation of an acetonitrile solution by a LP laser results in CBZ phases I and III, whereas irradiation by the CP laser leads to CBZ phase III crystals. An ab initio determination of the interaction energy of different pairs of CBZ has been carried-out that enables the explanation of the nucleation in acetonitrile for both polarizations. In methanol, only CBZ phase III is obtained, which is in agreement with the ability of methanol to create noncovalent interactions preventing the CBZ phase I and II nucleation