Investment Analysis Of A New Paint Shop In Automotive Industry

National Automotive Policy stated by year 2020, the automotive industry will provide 550,000 employment opportunities with involvement of 430 local vendors. In NAP 2014, government has given special emphasis on export of local production cars and increase localisation of automotive component. With the annual export target of 250,000 units, the quality of painting job in the manufacturing process must be at global standard and able to withstand the extended warranty of minimum 5 years. Paint shop, one of the important components in automotive industries is an essential process in automotive manufacturing. Comparable to Germans’ marque car, painting shop in Malaysia is not able to match with the quality standard and process specification due to inferior technology. It demands high quality result which may lead to adverse impact to environment and human safety. As such the selections of process and technology level are crucial to determine the level of quality, environment, and safety to workforce. All these aspects will directly give an impact to initial capital investment of the company. This thesis examines two alternatives faced by decision maker whether to maintain the current technology or to pursue new technology (challenger). Two approaches of study were employed i.e. the first one was a combination of team assessor where experts were invited to provide opinion, and benchmarking of available facilities. The second approach used is Investment Analysis (IA). IA test the robustness of the results of an intended investment in the presence of uncertainty. It was a combination of feasibility study where the challenger was assessed through financial analysis such as Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Pay-Back Period (PBP) .Value Analysis and Value Engineering (VA/VE) were used to justify the selection of technology of painting used. In the investment analysis, assessment factors such as sales of the car, manufacturing cost, time to deliver and level of investment were included. The results show that the challenger was preferable based on team assessor due to its technical superior over the current technology in terms of quality and safety. However, when it tested for feasibility study, the results were not encouraging. Then VA/VE method was used to investigate whether the challenger can fit financially to the requirement set at the beginning by the owner of the project. The final results approved that the challenger was selected

Physical Characterization of Lead Bismuth Borate and Lead Bismuth Phosphate Glasses

Systematic series of lead bismuth borate (PbO - Bi203 - B2O3) and lead bismuth phosphate (PbO - Bi203 - P205) glasses were prepared using melt quenching technique, where PbO, Bi203, B2O3 and P205 contents changed in every series based on their weight percentage. Some physical properties were measured and their amorphous natures were confirmed earlier by the X-ray diffraction technique. The experimental results showed that the density @) of both glasses increased, for examples from 3920 kg/m3 to 6325 kg/m3 for A1 - A5 series in PbO - Bi203 - B203 glasses and from 4331 kg/m3 to 5698 kg/m3 for El - E5 series in PbO - Bi203 - P2O5 glasses. This was due to the replacement of Bi203 and PbO in the B2O3 and P2O5 in glassy networks. Additional increment of Bi203 and PbO in both types of glasses causing more discontinuity and hence, decreased in their rigidity and velocity. Meanwhile,there was also a similar pattern in elastic moduli in both glass systems, where the values increased at the earlier stage and then decreased subsequently. Both Young's and bulk modulus were related to the crosslinking density with large influence on the propagation of ultrasonic velocities. All glass samples were also found to have crosslink density of 1 and Poisson's ratio - 3 which was typical for the B203 and P205 glasses. In optical properties for both types of glasses, it was found that the shifting of wavelength was related to the amount of production of the non-bridging oxygen (NBO). The existence of less disorder in phosphate network contributed to higher values of glass optical band gap (E,,,). Conversely, the introduction of PbO and Bi203 cause great disorder happen in the borate network which results in lower Ew values. In this study, the values of Em decreased uniformly with increasing content of PbO and Bi203 for examples from 2.61 eV to 2.25 eV for B1 - B5 series in PbO - Bi203 - B2O3 glasses and from 3.71 eV to 3.06 eV for GI - G4 series in PbO - Biz03 - P205 glasses. The increases in NBOs will be accompanied by an increase in polarizability and refractive index (n). In most cases, the variation of n increases when the molar volume (Vm) decreases, however for PbO - Biz03 - B203 glasses, the increasing value of n for an example from 1.62 to 1.86 for C1 - C5 series is accompanied by an increased in.V, This discrepancy can be explained by assuming the increase in both of the Vm and p, was attributed to change occurred in the volume concentration of BO3 units. Results from thermal studies of the glass showed that values for glass transition temperature (T,) was closely related to the chemical bond in the system. For PbO - Bi203 - 8203 glasses, the ionic bond character became more dominant in the system with the addition of more pb2' and B? and hence decreases the T, of sample. However, in PbO - Bi203 - P2O5 glasses, the addition of pb2' and ~i~ not only failed to weaken the covalent character in P-O-P bonds, but strengthened it further which leads to an increment in T, values for an example from 30g°C to 352OC for F1 - F4 series

Siliconizing Of Thermoplastic via Silica Sand Bath

Siliconizing is one of the coating processes that produce a thin film layer on the surface and improve the surface properties of the polymer. The objectives of this study are to introduce new surface coating method for thermoplastic material and to establish an optimum siliconizing parameters in producing uniform thin film coating onto thermoplastic polymers surface by using the silica sand bath. The siliconizing process was conducted by using only acrylic plate as the substrate, silica sand and brick as container. The samples were immersed in silica sand and heated in furnace at three different temperatures: 100 , 130 and 160 for duration of 4 hours. In this study, the microstructure and surface properties of the samples were characterised and analysed using FESEM and EDX in order to look in the difference before and after the experiment. The evaluation focused on microstructure and analysis of the coating layer formed at the surface of the sample. After experiment, there is coating layer produced at heating temperature of 130 and 160 . Whereas, there were no physical changes observed on the surface of the sample at heating temperature of 100 . Based on the result obtained, the microstructure of siliconized samples were found slightly rough compared to the original surface which is smooth and shiny. The XRF analysis of silica sand is used to compare the element composition of the surface and element composition of common silica sand. From the study that have been conducted, it was found that heating temperature of 160 for 4 hours are suitable parameters for siliconizing of acrylic via silica sand bath

Analysis of Tuning Parameters of Model Predictive Controller (MPC)

Process optimization is very important in the engineering industries. As optimisation is achieved, less consumption of energy and utilities can be obtained for the process. In achieving optimisation, the response should be responded close to the reference values. The refineries nowadays consist mainly of multi variable unit process. Thus, to achieve optimisation using classical approach will be less reliable and time consuming. Hence, the introduction of Model Predictive Controller (MPC) to the process unit is more suitable compared to the classical approach. MPC is capable to solve high order problem and multivariate processes. The successful of MPC depends on the selection of tuning parameters. Therefore, by analysing the effect of each tuning parameters on the controller performance, promising performance of MPC can be produced. Firstly, the processes are selected from books as a case study to resemble the high order and multi variable problem processes. Then, the analysis will be done to study the effect of input weightage (UwO, output weightage (ywt), control horizon (M) and prediction horizon (P) on the controller performance. By changing one of the tuning parameter, the other tuning parameters have to be kept constant

Precision agriculture technology for determination of underground water resources / Muhammad Hamizan Nordin

Water is one of the important component in our daily life. The need for water has increasing every day and has universal function, which is not only for drinking but also for any usefulness. For agricultural activity, water are one of the main components for daily use in the field. Sometimes there will be a drought season that will decrease the water availability that will cause declining on water requirement for plants. Thus, the requirement for underground water is important to fill the necessity of water planting. The study were conducted at UiTM Jasin’s Farm and the data were taken from Google Earth Pro before transfer into ArcMap to get the lowest altitude in the project area. Garmin eTrex Legend HCx were specifically used in this research, which the function is to locate the coordinates of the lowest elevation in research area. Then, the area were analyzed to know the nature of the area can be proof that lowest altitude of an area can access underground water with consuming less time. From the result, this method have reduce the time to access the underground water. In conclusion, the most dominant factors is the lowest altitude of the area to get the into the underground water. For recommendation, this research can be continued by obtain elements contained in groundwater UiTM Jasin’s Farm based on this research

Understanding level of General Takaful and Family Takaful among 3rd semester of ACIS students in UiTM Shah Alam / Muhammad Hamizan Fahmi Omar

Takaful is a system of islamic insurance that based on the principle of ta’awun (mutual cooperation) and tabarru’ (donation), where the risk is shared collectively and voluntarily by members of a group. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of understanding among ACIS students in UiTM Shah Alam about the takaful concept which is general takaful and family takaful. The total number of student involved is 71 people (population) and the method that has been used are quantitative that is a questionnaire through the google form. As the result, it showed that the student of ACIS had a moderate level of understanding of takaful concept on the objectives of the study. In conclusion, there is still a lot of effort and knowledge in other to understand about the concept of takaful especially to the whole society

The Implementation of Holistic Approach in Teaching Speaking by the Teacher of English Speaking at the Second and Fourth Semester of the English

There are a lot of students have low speaking ability. They have difficulties to speak because of thinking about grammatical rules and pronouncing certain English words. It makes them have difficulties in expressing their ideas in speaking. As a result, they prefer to be silent and not fully participate in the classroom activities. The purpose of this study was to know how the teacher implemented the holistic approach in teaching speaking at the second and fourth semester of the English Department. The design of this study was qualitative research. The sources of data were observation and interview. Instruments of this study were classrooms observations, video recorder, field notes, and interview. There were three main points in data analysis technique such as data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. The findings of this research showed the process of the holistic approach to teaching speaking which was applied by the teacher. Based on the observations, the researcher found that the teacher had implemented all stages of the holistic approach. Even though, they were not optimal because some aspects of language were not included in some stages such as vocabulary and pronunciation. Furthermore, to promote students' fluency in speaking the teacher provided students a lot of opportunities to practice their speaking. The teacher also provided accuracy tests (grammar and text structure) to promote their ability for further speaking assignments. Feedbacks were given by the teacher after students finished practicing their speaking or accuracy test to help them find out their mistakes. Based on the result of this research, the researcher concluded the teacher implemented the holistic approach in teaching speaking

A web based fuzzy expert system preeclampsia pre-diagnosis / Hafizzah Hamizan

A preeclampsia caused many cases of hypertension in pregnancy and it's typically develops after the 20th week of gestation and involves a wide spectrum of clinical signs and symptoms. 20* weeks after gestation is quite a heavy months for the pregnant lady. They are difficuh to move easily and most of them face many problems in order to go for gestation check up or go for preeclampsia diagnose. Besides that, most of the pregnant lady has less information about hypertension during pregnancy or specifically preeclampsia. Therefore, this web based fiizzy expert system is developed to overcome this problem. In order to develop this prototype system, fuzzy set theory has been applied in the process of developing. Moreover, the Mamdani fuzzy inference also has been used as the fuzzy inference method. Besides that, the knowledge analysis that has been gathered is also being the important component of this system. All data that gathered from interviews, surveys, observations and printed material are combined to produce a strong knowledge base. Testing are done at the end the coding phase to ensure the end prototype fulfill the objectives of the project and to sort out any errors in the system

Performance enhancement of integrated light emitting diode and wi-fi antenna using stacked microstrip / Hamizan Yon

Previous works on integrated antenna with LED have been developed by researcher to support a new concept of dual functionality in wireless communication and lighting systems. Somehow, the inconsistency in resonant frequency and antenna gain have driven this research to overcome previous limitations. Three antenna designs on stacked patch antenna were proposed. Antenna Design 1 to minimize frequency shifting, Design 2 with parallel LED circuit connection for power consumption concept and Design 3 to increase the gain. All antenna designs were simulated on FR-4 substrate to resonate at 2.45GHz. By using the stacked configuration on antenna Design 1, it was shown that frequency shifted was eliminated. Antenna Design 2 proposed a new LEDs circuit connections mainly designed to reduce power supply used to turn ON the LEDs. As a result, the voltage source for the LEDs circuit was reduced to 90% from previous works and the number of LEDs used also found to be increased, hence better parasitic and illumination effect. A air gap structure was introduced on antenna Design 3 which is located between substrate 1 and substrate 2 and optimization was done by using simulation software. Implementation of air gap structure has contributed to 54% improvement on gain at final anten na Design 3. All the three antenna designs have been fabricated and good agreement was achieved between the simulation and measurement result. A dual-functional prototype consists of Wi-Fi antenna and illumination device has been successfully developed. Adopted methods and techniques were able to significantly reduce the frequency shifting and increase the gain, as well as reducing the power consumption