Development of sprayer nozzle of The unpacked saturator for dissolved air flotation process.

Dissolved air flotation (DAF) process becomes prominent in water treatment technology all over the world. This process had been well-accepted as an alternative for sedimentation due to its potential to remove very small or light particles in a shorter period, simplicity of the design and only required less area. Proses pengapungan udara terlarut semakin meluas dalam aspek rawatan air di seluruh negara. Proses ini semakin diterima dengan baik sebagai satu altematif kepada proses pemendapan kerana potensinya dalam menyingkirkan partikel-partikel yang keeil serta ringan, rekabentuknya yang ringkas dan hanya memerlukan kawasan yang kecil

Treatment Of Textile Wastewater Using Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis (Bunga Raya) Leaf Extract As Caogulant

Treatment of textile wastewater is one of the largest problems faced by the textile manufacturers in Malaysia. This study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis or Bunga Raya leaf extract as coagulant and coagulant aid with poly-aluminium chloride (PACl) for the treatment of textile wastewater. Evaluation was based on the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), color as well as the influence on zeta potential and particle size using standard jar test apparatus

Physicochemical Technique in Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Landfill Leachate Remediation: A Review

Leachate generation is among the main challenging issues that landfill operators must handle. Leachate is created when decomposed materials and rainwater pass through the waste. Leachate carries many harmful pollutants, with high concentrations of BOD, COD, colour, heavy metals, ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), and other organic and inorganic pollutants. Among them, COD, colour, and NH3-N are difficult to be completely eliminated, especially with a single treatment. They should be handled by appropriate treatment facilities before being safely released into the environment. Leachate remediation varies based on its properties, the costs of operation and capital expenditures, as well as the rules and regulations. Up until now, much scientific and engineering attention was given to the development of comprehensive solutions to leachate-related issues. The solutions normally demand a multi-stage treatment, commonly in the form of biological, chemical, and physical sequences. This review paper discussed the use of contemporary techniques to remediate landfill leachate with an emphasis on concentrated COD, colour, and NH3-N levels with low biodegradability that is normally present in old landfill or dumping grounds in developing countries. A semi-aerobic type of landfill design was also discussed, as this concept is potentially sustainable compared to others. Some of the challenges and future prospects were also recommended, especially for the case of Malaysia. This may represent landfills or dumpsites in other developing countries with the same characteristics

COMBINED PERSULFATE AND CLINOPTILOLITE FOR THE REMOVAL OF COD AND SUSPENDED SOLIDS FROM A REAL DYE WASTEWATER

In the production of textile fabrics, the unfixed dye that is left in the process wastewater often show a significant influence of pollution, either in any receiving surface water or the extra burden of the pollution load in a receiving sewer. However, besides the unfixed dyes, other pollutants generated in the various stages of textile production have contributed to the strength and variability of the pollutants inherent in the resultant wastewater. Therefore, the present study characterizes a real textile wastewater and investigates the feasibility and success of the combination of persulfate and clinoptilolite in a single reactor to remove the target pollutants viz; chemical oxygen demand (COD) and suspended solids (SS). Results of the study show that the combination is feasible and successful in the treatment of recalcitrant dye wastewater. This is indicated by the removal of COD (74%) and SS (99%). The determinant factors that were observed to effectively influence the treatment process were persulfate dosage (4/1), which was standardized as a persulfate/contaminant ratio (g/g), dosage of clinoptilolite (8g), the initial pH (4) of reaction and reaction time of 30 minutes to remove COD, and 210 minutes for the removal of SS. The residual SS at 3 mg/l is within the acceptable limit of 50 mg/l, while the COD exceeded the standard limit. A biological treatment may thereafter be applied to further remove the residual COD to bring to an acceptable limit

Kinetic Study of the Anaerobic Digestion of Recycled Paper Mill Effluent (RPME) by Using a Novel Modified Anaerobic Hybrid Baffled (MAHB) Reactor

The process kinetics of an anaerobic digestion process for treating recycled paper mill effluent (RPME) was investigated. A laboratory-scale modified anaerobic hybrid baffled reactor (MAHB) was operated at hydraulic retention times of 1, 3, 5, and 7 days, and the results were analyzed for the kinetic models. A kinetic study was conducted by examining the phase kinetics of the anaerobic digestion process, which were divided into three main stages: hydrolysis kinetics, acetogenesis kinetics, and methane production kinetics. The study demonstrated that hydrolysis was the rate-limiting step. The applied Monod and Contois kinetic models showed satisfactory prediction with µmax values of 1.476 and 0.6796 L day−1 , respectivel

Sustainable Treatment of Landfill Leachate

Landfill leachate is a complex liquid that contains excessive concentrations of biodegradable and non-biodegradable products including organic matter, phenols, ammonia nitrogen, phosphate, heavy metals, and sulfide. If not properly treated and safely disposed, landfill leachate could be an impending source to surface and ground water contamination as it may percolate throughout soils and subsoils, causing adverse impacts to receiving waters. Lately, various types of treatment methods have been proposed to alleviate the risks of untreated leachate. However, some of the available techniques remain complicated, expensive and generally require definite adaptation during process. In this article, a review of literature reported from 2008 to 2012 on sustainable landfill leachate treatment technologies is discussed which includes biological and physical–chemical techniques, respectively

Dioscorea hispida Starch as a Novel Natural Coagulant in Textile Wastewater Treatment

The process of coagulation-flocculation using Dioscorea hispida starch as a natural coagulant was investigated for the purification of textile effluent from several dyeing and finishing mills. The major parameters tested were COD, turbidity, and color. Prior to conducting the experiments, the general physical characteristics of Dioscorea hispida starch were investigated. The optimal conditions, pH and coagulant dosage were assessed using a jar test. The results demonstrated that the Dioscorea hispida starch yield was 15.38% of Dioscorea hispida dry weight. Pulverizing of Dioscorea hispida mass also resulted in approximately 10-15% of impurities in the final product. The optimal pH of 7 resulted in maximum COD, turbidity and color reductions of 28%, 94% and 64% respectively. The optimum dosage of Dioscorea hispida starch of 2500 mg/L resulted in a maximum reduction of 22%, 93%, 63%, of COD, turbidity, and color, respectively. Overall, this study confirmed that the utilization of Dioscorea hispida starch as a natural coagulant offers a relatively good removal efficiency in textile wastewater treatment

Comparative Study of Advanced Oxidation Processes to Treat Petroleum Wastewater

This study was carried out to compare the performance of different oxidation processes, such as solar photo-Fenton reaction, solar photocatalysis by TiO2, and the combination of the two for the treatment of petroleum wastewater from Sohar Oil Refinery by a central composite design with response surface methodology. The degradation efficiency was evaluated in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) reductions. Solar photocatalysis by the TiO2/Fenton method improved the performance of the photocatalyst at neutral pH for petroleum wastewater without the need to adjust the pH during this treatment. Under acidic conditions, the solar photo-Fenton process is more efficient than solar TiO2 photocatalysis while it is less efficient under alkaline conditions. The TiO2 dosage and pH are the two main factors that improved the TOC and COD reductions in the solar photocatalysis using combined TiO2/Fenton and the solar TiO2 photocatalysis processes while the pH and H2O2 concentration are the two key factors that affect the solar photo-Fenton process

Determination of Water Resources in Tube Well Using Hydrofacies for Riverbank Filtration

The reliability of water in riverbank filtration application is hard to be determined since the source of water and what happen at below ground cannot be see. These difficulties give effect for application of riverbank filtration since it is important in determination of its water quality and quantity. Due to that, this method was suggested to be used to determine the source of water in pumping well (PW) at Lubok Buntar, Kedah. The soil and water samples were taken from the PW and river water to determine the soil type and major ion (anion and cations). The results show that most of PW soil type is sandy loam (52%). Based on the piper diagram of the hydrofacies showed that the RW and PW were connected for a certain period of time. The most predominant cation in the PW was Na2+-CI-, consequently, the tube well water mostly came from groundwater rather than from river water. Therefore, this location is suitable for riverbank filtration applications as it has two reliable water sources. Due to that, for riverbank filtration water treatment, the river and groundwater water quality and quantity is important in order to make sure the system is reliable and sustainable