Development And Study Of Measurement Methods For Jets And Bogging In A Fluidized Bed

In the Fluid Coking process, if the local concentration of liquid is very high, particles may stick together which can eventually result in process upset because of poor fluidization or even defluidization, a condition commonly known in industry as bogging . Using a capacitance sensor, the void distribution in a bed of coke particles can be visualized. The voidage fluctuations caused by gas bubbles have been shown to change dramatically as the bed becomes bogged. Therefore, capacitance sensors should be able to predict the bogging condition in fluid cokers. The first part of the thesis focused on designing noiseless capacitance sensors that can be used to measure the liquid concentration and void distribution in a fluidized bed. The effect of bogging on the distribution of a liquid sprayed into fluidized bed was then investigated by determining the impact of bogging on the breakage rate of the liquid-solid agglomerates. Pressure measurements are easier to perform in industrial units than capacitance measurements. The knowledge acquired with capacitance measurements was then applied to the design of early bogging detection methods from pressure measurements. Detection of bogging with acoustic measurements is discussed in the next section. The speed of sound was measured at different levels of particles cohesiveness and fluidization velocities. The last part of the thesis applies the capacitance sensors to the measurement of jet cavity fluctuations. Two types of jets were investigated: the supersonic gas jets and the jets formed when liquid is atomized with a gas into a fluidized bed

COMPARING THE EFFECT OF CLOFIBRATE AND PHENOBARBITAL ON THE NEWBORNS WITH HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA

The aim of treating hyperbilirubinemia is preventing the serum bilirubin to reach neurotoxic levels, which is done by phototherapy or blood transfusion. However, pharmacological treatments still remain vague. Therefore the effects of adding either clofibrate or phenobarbital on treatment outcomes was evaluated in icteric non-hemolitic newborns. Ninety neonates were divided in three groups. Two groups were prescribed 100 mg/kg clofibrate or 5 mg/kg phenobarbital orally as single dose on arrival, in addition to phototherapy. The control group only received phototherapy. Serum bilirubin was evaluated at the reception and 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after beginning of drug therapy. Total bilirubin levels decreased in treated groups compared with the control group in all samples taken (12, 24, 48 and 72 hours). Clofibrate effect in decreasing bilirubin level was more prominent (14 % and 32 % after 12 and 72 h respectively). In addition duration of hospitalization and length of phototherapy decreased in clofibrate and phenobarbital groups compared with control group (1.5, 2 days respectively, vs. 2.6 days). Therefore using clofibrate and phenobarbital in icteric neonates are supportive not only by decreasing the serum bilirubin level, but also by lessening the duration of hospitalization and phototherapy. Thus in addition to cost benefits for the patient these drugs can reduce the risks of transfusion, and clofibrate seems more promising in this regard

Development and study of measurement methods for bogging in a fluidized bed

In the Fluid CokingTM process, heavy oil is contacted with hot fluidized coke particles. If the local concentration of liquid is too high, particles may stick together, resulting in poor fluidization or even defluidization, a condition commonly known as bogging . Earlier studies, presented at Fluidization XIV, used capacitance sensors to show how bogging affects bubble properties and the distribution of liquid sprayed into a fluidized bed. The objective of this study is to identify other, more practical methods for early bogging detection. Methods using pressure measurements or active sound transmission are presented. A Kolmogorov-Smirnov test of the wavelet coefficients of pressure fluctuations, optimised with a genetic algorithm, can detect early bogging more effectively than other methods using pressure fluctuations. A major advantage of this method is that its results are not affected by moderate variations in fluidization gas velocity. The success of this new bogging detection method is explained by studying the transmission of sound of different frequencies through dry and wet fluidized beds, which could also be used to detect bogging. A theoretical model confirmed that the changes in bubble properties caused by bogging affect the transmission of sound through the fluidized bed. The geometry of the gas bubbles and their distance from the wall were measured with capacitance sensors to understand how bubble properties affect sound transmission. The propagation of sound with bubbles of various geometries was simulated with Comsol

Cultural Sustainability and Islamic Perspectives in Introducing a Cohesive Retirement Village for Muslims

AbstractThe growing elderly population indicated a shift in the cultural context in Malaysia and the needs of elderly care facilities. This paper looks at the cultural sustainability issues and Islamic perspectives requirements through a review on the recommendations outlined in the Quran and Hadiths; surveys and case studies on the available elderly care facilities in Malaysia. The results indicated the perception of the respondents on the idea of having elderly care for the Muslim community and also the preferred type of care facilities. The research findings outlined the criteria for a cohesive retirement village for Muslims

Association between Interleukin-10-1082G/A and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha 308 G/A Gene Polymorphisms and Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Iranian Preterm Infants

Cytokine polymorphisms may contribute to the prevalence of respiratory distress syndrome. The present study was done to investigate the frequency of interleukin-(IL-) 10 and tumor necrosis factor-(TNF-) alpha gene polymorphisms and their association with the risk of RDS in preterminfants. One-hundred and nineteen patients with RDS and 119 healthy preterm infants were enrolled. PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to determine the frequency of IL-10 and TNF-alpha genotypes at -1082 A and -308 A, respectively. One-hundred and nineteen out of 238 infants had RDS (50%). The age of the mothers and gestational age ranged 17-45 (mean: 28.6 +/- 5.3) years and 24-34 (mean: 34.3 +/- 2.38) weeks, respectively. Totally, 23 deaths were recorded in the RDS group. Incidence of TNF-alpha-308 A/A and TNF-alpha-308 G/A was 84% and 16%, respectively. TNF-a-308 G/G was not found in both groups. Prevalence of IL-10-1082 G/G and IL-10-1082 G/A variants was 65.5% and 34.5%, respectively. IL-10-1082 A/A was not found in both groups. The incidence of the allele G in the IL-10-1082 polymorphism was lower in RDS group (P < 0.05). We found that the risk of RDS was correlated to sex, gestational age, and IL-10-1082

Association between Interleukin-10-1082 G/A and Tumor Necrosis Factor-

Cytokine polymorphisms may contribute to the prevalence of respiratory distress syndrome. The present study was done to investigate the frequency of interleukin- (IL-) 10 and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-

Investigation of the effect of early and late breast milk enrichment on growth parameters in preterm infants: A randomized clinical trial

Background and aims: This study aimed to investigate and compare the effect of early and late breast milk fortification on growth parameters in preterm infants. Methods: In this clinical trial, 90 preterm infants (28-32 weeks) admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Hajar Hospital in Shahrekord, Iran were randomly divided into three groups. The fortification was performed when the milk intake reached 30 (group A), 70 (group B), and 100 cc/kg (group C). The height, weight, and head circumference of newborns were measured at the beginning of birth and 4 weeks after the birth. The incidence of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis, and milk tolerance were investigated as well. All analyses were conducted with Stata software, and P valuesResults: The value changes in the height, weight, and head circumference in all three groups at 4 weeks were significant (PPPPP=0.264). Conclusion: The breast milk fortification when the milk intake reached 70 cc/kg had better efficiency on neonatal weight gain compared with the early and delayed fortification

Medicinal Plants Used for Neonatal Jaundice in Shahrekord: An Ethnobotanical Study

Jaundice begins in the infants from the very early days of birth; the symptoms usually appear with yellow skin and sometimes eyes, jaundice first involves only the face, but it also affects the chest, abdomen, legs, and the soles of the feet and the lower limbs. In this ethnobotanical study, attempt was made to identify medicinal plants used in the herbal medicine of Shahrekord region to treat neonatal jaundice. This cross-sectional study was performed by collecting data through an ethnobotanical knowledge questionnaire from 21 April 2016 to 19 February 2017, through face-to-face interview with 29 traditional therapists. The results of the questionnaire were distributed among traditional therapists and information was obtained. The results showed that in the ethnobotany of Shahrekord, Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl, Cichorium intybus L., Alyssum spp. Stead. Ex Boiss., Fumaria spp., Adianthum capillus-veneris L., Astragalus adscendens (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Podlech, Alcea spp., Vinifera Spp. and Rheum ribes L. are used as anti-neonatal jaundice medicinal plants. The results shows that leaf (41%) is the most commonly used plant organ for jaundice in the studied region. According to the results of our ethnobotanical study, the plants reported in this study are traditionally used to prevent neonatal jaundice, and it is necessary to prove these effects in clinical and pharmacological studies. Keywords Author Keywords:Pediatric Diseases; Jaundice; Ethnobotany; Shahrekord; Ira